溫室效應造成全球暖化的現象，主要可歸因於逸散排入大氣的甲烷及二氧化碳，乾式重組反應(DRM)可以轉化二者產製合成氣，但觸媒需有抗積碳與抗燒結的穩定性要求，其中積碳現象會較甲烷蒸汽重組反應(SRM)更為嚴重。本研究以研究室先前開發的中溫SRM應用的Ni/LaZrCeOx觸媒為基礎，探討硼添加與鈷添加二種方法來降低DRM反應中的觸媒積碳。研究分析二種硼添加手段，其中以-CI法(觸媒鍛燒後含浸硼方法)修飾的Bx-Ni/LZC在x=0.1與0.3時可以顯著減少觸媒在400°C ~ 600°C甲烷乾式重組反應中的積碳失活現象，且以同樣-CI手法修飾的B0.1-Co/LZC能抑制鈷氧化失活的作用，改善鈷觸媒的DRM活性，但觸媒反而有積碳失活的傾向。第二金屬Co的添加也可以改善Ni觸媒的積碳現象，分析條件中以Ni9Co1/LZC為最佳鎳鈷比例觸媒，其中有Ni-Co alloy形成可有效催化DRM且抑制積碳形成，相較於先前較高擔載量的NiCo/LZC，本研究觸媒可以獲得較小的金屬顆粒(4~6 nm)及改善觸媒的還原性，且最適的Co添加比例較低，達成能在中溫條件下穩定操作甲烷乾式重組產製合成氣的減碳程序。另以中油天然氣井樣品實測，可以同步轉化其中的CH4及CO2，藉由添加適量的蒸汽以調控甲烷反應計量比時，例如甲烷、二氧化碳和蒸汽進料比為1.5:1:1，可以獲致更穩定的CH4及CO2轉化程序。

The global warming caused by the greenhouse effect can be mainly attributed to the emission of methane and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This study focuses on the development of catalysts that can simultaneously convert CH4 and CO2 into syn-gas, i.e., dry reforming of methane (DRM) at medium temperature. Coking is known the main reason leading to catalyst deactivation during DRM. We investigate the effect of boron or cobalt introduction into Ni/LZC catalyst, an effective catalyst for mid-temperature methane steam reforming developed in our laboratory, for suppressing coking during DRM. In boron-modified catalysts, a series of Bx-Ni/LZC was prepared by two procedures (-IC&-CI). It is found that B-addition after calcination, i.e., Bx-Ni/LZC-CI (x=0.1 and 0.3) catalysts, greatly reduce coking during DRM without significant change in activity. The addition of a second metal Co can also suppress coking of Ni catalyst. In this analysis, Ni9Co1/LZC is found the best Ni/Co ratio, and Ni-Co alloy forms which may lead to good catalytic activity and suppressed coking during DRM. The NiCo/LZC catalysts of lower Ni-Co loading result in smaller metal particle size (4~6 nm) and improved reducibility, with the optimum Co/Ni ratio lower than those of higher metal loading. The studied catalysts show good performance in CPC natural gas reforming test. Depending on the composition, when adding steam to adjust an appropriate stoichiometric feed ratio of CH4, CO2, and steam as 1.5:1:1, can result in a good catalytic activity which stably maintains for over 14 h at 550 °C.

[1]M. Usman, W. W. Daud, and H. F. Abbas, "Dry reforming of methane: Influence of process parameters—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 45, pp. 710-744, 2015.
[2]T. Wurzel, S. Malcus, and L. Mleczko, "Reaction engineering investigations of CO2 reforming in a fluidized-bed reactor," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 55, no. 18, pp. 3955-3966, 2000.
[3]M. A. Nieva, M. M. Villaverde, A. Monzón, T. F. Garetto, and A. J. Marchi, "Steam-methane reforming at low temperature on nickel-based catalysts," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 235, pp. 158-166, 2014.
[4]S. T. Oyama, P. Hacarlioglu, Y. Gu, and D. Lee, "Dry reforming of methane has no future for hydrogen production: Comparison with steam reforming at high pressure in standard and membrane reactors," International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 37, no. 13, pp. 10444-10450, 2012.
[5]B. Abdullah, N. A. Abd Ghani, and D.-V. N. Vo, "Recent advances in dry reforming of methane over Ni-based catalysts," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 162, pp. 170-185, 2017.
[6]D. Fraenkel, R. Levitan, and M. Levy, "A solar thermochemical pipe based on the CO2 CH4 (1: 1) system," International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 267-277, 1986.
[7]D. Mei et al., "Highly active and stable MgAl2O4-supported Rh and Ir catalysts for methane steam reforming: A combined experimental and theoretical study," Journal of catalysis, vol. 316, pp. 11-23, 2014.
[8]G. Jones et al., "First principles calculations and experimental insight into methane steam reforming over transition metal catalysts," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 259, no. 1, pp. 147-160, 2008.
[9]Y. Zhang, W. Wang, Z. Wang, X. Zhou, Z. Wang, and C.-J. Liu, "Steam reforming of methane over Ni/SiO2 catalyst with enhanced coke resistance at low steam to methane ratio," Catalysis Today, vol. 256, pp. 130-136, 2015.
[10]S. D. Angeli, L. Turchetti, G. Monteleone, and A. A. Lemonidou, "Catalyst development for steam reforming of methane and model biogas at low temperature," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 181, pp. 34-46, 2016.
[11]Y. Matsumura and T. Nakamori, "Steam reforming of methane over nickel catalysts at low reaction temperature," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 258, no. 1, pp. 107-114, 2004.
[12]A. F. Lucrédio, J. M. Assaf, and E. M. Assaf, "Reforming of a model biogas on Ni and Rh–Ni catalysts: Effect of adding La," Fuel processing technology, vol. 102, pp. 124-131, 2012.
[13]M. P. Kohn, M. J. Castaldi, and R. J. Farrauto, "Biogas reforming for syngas production: the effect of methyl chloride," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 144, pp. 353-361, 2014.
[14]Z.-W. Liu, K.-W. Jun, H.-S. Roh, and S.-E. Park, "Hydrogen production for fuel cells through methane reforming at low temperatures," Journal of power sources, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 283-287, 2002.
[15]N. A. K. Aramouni, J. G. Touma, B. A. Tarboush, J. Zeaiter, and M. N. Ahmad, "Catalyst design for dry reforming of methane: Analysis review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 2570-2585, 2018.
[16]S. Ali, M. M. Khader, M. J. Almarri, and A. G. Abdelmoneim, "Ni-based nano-catalysts for the dry reforming of methane," Catalysis Today, vol. 343, pp. 26-37, 2020.
[17]F. Zhang et al., "In Situ Elucidation of the Active State of Co–CeO x Catalysts in the Dry Reforming of Methane: The Important Role of the Reducible Oxide Support and Interactions with Cobalt," ACS catalysis, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3550-3560, 2018.
[18]A. W. Budiman, S.-H. Song, T.-S. Chang, C.-H. Shin, and M.-J. Choi, "Dry reforming of methane over cobalt catalysts: a literature review of catalyst development," Catalysis Surveys from Asia, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 183-197, 2012.
[19]M. K. Nikoo and N. Amin, "Thermodynamic analysis of carbon dioxide reforming of methane in view of solid carbon formation," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 678-691, 2011.
[20]F. Abild-Pedersen, J. K. Nørskov, J. R. Rostrup-Nielsen, J. Sehested, and S. Helveg, "Mechanisms for catalytic carbon nanofiber growth studied by ab initio density functional theory calculations," Physical Review B, vol. 73, no. 11, p. 115419, 2006.
[21]J. Xu, L. Chen, K. F. Tan, A. Borgna, and M. Saeys, "Effect of boron on the stability of Ni catalysts during steam methane reforming," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 261, no. 2, pp. 158-165, 2009.
[22]H. S. Bengaard et al., "Steam reforming and graphite formation on Ni catalysts," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 209, no. 2, pp. 365-384, 2002.
[23]A. Fouskas, M. Kollia, A. Kambolis, C. Papadopoulou, and H. Matralis, "Boron-modified Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for reduced carbon deposition during dry reforming of methane," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 474, pp. 125-134, 2014.
[24]J. Xu and M. Saeys, "First principles study of the coking resistance and the activity of a boron promoted Ni catalyst," Chemical engineering science, vol. 62, no. 18-20, pp. 5039-5041, 2007.
[25]J. Xu and M. Saeys, "Improving the coking resistance of Ni-based catalysts by promotion with subsurface boron," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 242, no. 1, pp. 217-226, 2006.
[26]H.-H. Huang, S.-W. Yu, C.-L. Chuang, and C.-B. Wang, "Application of boron-modified nickel catalysts on the steam reforming of ethanol," International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 39, no. 35, pp. 20712-20721, 2014.
[27]S. Singh et al., "Boron-doped Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with enhanced coke resistance and catalytic performance for dry reforming of methane," Journal of the Energy Institute, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 31-42, 2020.
[28]M. Aly, E. L. Fornero, A. R. Leon-Garzon, V. V. Galvita, and M. Saeys, "Effect of boron promotion on coke formation during propane dehydrogenation over Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalysts," ACS Catalysis, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 5208-5216, 2020.
[29]N. Coville and J. Li, "Effect of boron source on the catalyst reducibility and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis activity of Co/TiO2 catalysts," Catalysis today, vol. 71, no. 3-4, pp. 403-410, 2002.
[30]A. J. Al Abdulghani et al., "Methane dry reforming on supported cobalt nanoparticles promoted by boron," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 392, pp. 126-134, 2020.
[31]M. S. Fan, A. Z. Abdullah, and S. Bhatia, "Utilization of greenhouse gases through dry reforming: Screening of nickel‐based bimetallic catalysts and kinetic studies," ChemSusChem, vol. 4, no. 11, p. 1643, 2011.
[32]Z. Wu et al., "Lattice strained Ni-Co alloy as a high-performance catalyst for catalytic dry reforming of methane," ACS Catalysis, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2693-2700, 2019.
[33]M. S. Aw, M. Zorko, I. G. Osojnik Črnivec, and A. Pintar, "Progress in the synthesis of catalyst supports: synergistic effects of nanocomposites for attaining long-term stable activity in CH4–CO2 dry reforming," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 54, no. 15, pp. 3775-3787, 2015.
[34]T. Mozammel, D. Dumbre, R. Hubesch, G. D. Yadav, P. R. Selvakannan, and S. K. Bhargava, "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over mesoporous alumina supported Ni (Co), Ni (Rh) bimetallic, and Ni (CoRh) trimetallic catalysts: role of nanoalloying in improving the stability and nature of coking," Energy & Fuels, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 16433-16444, 2020.
[35]Y. Turap, I. Wang, T. Fu, Y. Wu, Y. Wang, and W. Wang, "Co–Ni alloy supported on CeO2 as a bimetallic catalyst for dry reforming of methane," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 6538-6548, 2020.
[36]H. Ay and D. Üner, "Dry reforming of methane over CeO2 supported Ni, Co and Ni–Co catalysts," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 179, pp. 128-138, 2015.
[37]K. Nagaoka, K. Takanabe, and K.-i. Aika, "Modification of Co/TiO2 for dry reforming of methane at 2 MPa by Pt, Ru or Ni," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 268, no. 1-2, pp. 151-158, 2004.
[38]J. Xu, W. Zhou, Z. Li, J. Wang, and J. Ma, "Biogas reforming for hydrogen production over nickel and cobalt bimetallic catalysts," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 16, pp. 6646-6654, 2009.
[39]D. San-José-Alonso, J. Juan-Juan, M. Illán-Gómez, and M. Román-Martínez, "Ni, Co and bimetallic Ni–Co catalysts for the dry reforming of methane," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 371, no. 1-2, pp. 54-59, 2009.
[40]J. Zhang, H. Wang, and A. K. Dalai, "Development of stable bimetallic catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 249, no. 2, pp. 300-310, 2007.
[41]余登立, "鑭鋯鈰缺陷螢石結構載體擔載鎳鈷觸媒 應用於中溫甲烷重組反應," 碩士, 化學工程系, 國立臺灣科技大學, 台北市, 2019.
[42]林力雋, "混合氧化物擔載鎳觸媒應用於中溫甲烷蒸汽重組反應," 碩士, 化學工程系, 國立臺灣科技大學, 台北市, 2016.
[43]T. J. Siang et al., "Combined steam and CO2 reforming of methane for syngas production over carbon-resistant boron-promoted Ni/SBA-15 catalysts," Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 262, pp. 122-132, 2018.
[44]L. Chen, Y. Lu, Q. Hong, J. Lin, and F. Dautzenberg, "Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas over Ca-decorated-Al2O3-supported Ni and NiB catalysts," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 292, pp. 295-304, 2005.
[45]H. Chen et al., "Promoting effect of boron oxide on Ag/SiO2 catalyst for the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to methyl glycolate," Molecular Catalysis, vol. 433, pp. 346-353, 2017.
[46]S. Zhu, X. Gao, Y. Zhu, Y. Zhu, H. Zheng, and Y. Li, "Promoting effect of boron oxide on Cu/SiO2 catalyst for glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1, 2-propanediol," Journal of catalysis, vol. 303, pp. 70-79, 2013.
[47]D. Drevon, M. Görlin, P. Chernev, L. Xi, H. Dau, and K. M. Lange, "Uncovering the role of oxygen in Ni-Fe (O x H y) electrocatalysts using in situ soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy during the oxygen evolution reaction," Scientific reports, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2019.
[48]H. Wang et al., "Nickel L-edge soft X-ray spectroscopy of nickel− iron hydrogenases and model compounds evidence for high-spin nickel (II) in the active enzyme," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 122, no. 43, pp. 10544-10552, 2000.
[49]Y. Chang et al., "Charge transfer and hybridization effects in ni 3 al and ni 3 ga studies by x-ray-absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 1312-1317, 2000.
[50]V. M. Gonzalez-Delacruz, R. Pereñiguez, F. Ternero, J. P. Holgado, and A. Caballero, "Modifying the Size of Nickel Metallic Particles by H2/CO Treatment in Ni/ZrO2 Methane Dry Reforming Catalysts," ACS Catalysis, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 82-88, 2011/02/04 2011, doi: 10.1021/cs100116m.
[51]A. Jentys, "Estimation of mean size and shape of small metal particles by EXAFS," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (Incorporating Faraday Transactions), vol. 1, p. 4059, January 01, 1999 1999, doi: 10.1039/a904654b.
[52]M. F. Mark, W. F. Maier, and F. Mark, "Reaction kinetics of the CO2 reforming of methane," Chemical Engineering & Technology: Industrial Chemistry‐Plant Equipment‐Process Engineering‐Biotechnology, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 361-370, 1997.
[53]Y. Kathiraser, U. Oemar, E. T. Saw, Z. Li, and S. Kawi, "Kinetic and mechanistic aspects for CO2 reforming of methane over Ni based catalysts," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 278, pp. 62-78, 2015.
[54]A. Aboudheir et al., "E. Akpan, Y. Sun, P. Kumar, H. Ibrahim," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 62, no. 15, 2007.
[55]A. M. Becerra, M. E. Iriarte, and A. E. C. Luna, "Catalytic activity of a nickel on alumina catalyst in the CO 2 reforming of methane," Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 119-125, 2003.
[56]A. Amin, W. Epling, and E. Croiset, "Reaction and deactivation rates of methane catalytic cracking over Nickel," Industrial & engineering chemistry research, vol. 50, no. 22, pp. 12460-12470, 2011.
[57]J. Wang, M. Shen, J. Wang, J. Gao, J. Ma, and S. Liu, "CeO2–CoOx mixed oxides: Structural characteristics and dynamic storage/release capacity," Catalysis today, vol. 175, no. 1, pp. 65-71, 2011.
[58]L. Spadaro, F. Arena, M. Granados, M. Ojeda, J. Fierro, and F. Frusteri, "Metal–support interactions and reactivity of Co/CeO2 catalysts in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reaction," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 234, no. 2, pp. 451-462, 2005.
[59]E. Romeo, M. Saeys, A. Monzon, and A. Borgna, "Carbon nanotube formation during propane decomposition on boron-modified Co/Al2O3 catalysts: A kinetic study," International journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 39, no. 31, pp. 18016-18026, 2014.
[60]N. A. K. Aramouni, J. Zeaiter, W. Kwapinski, and M. N. Ahmad, "Thermodynamic analysis of methane dry reforming: Effect of the catalyst particle size on carbon formation," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 150, pp. 614-622, 2017.
[61]S. Chen, J. Zaffran, and B. Yang, "Dry reforming of methane over the cobalt catalyst: Theoretical insights into the reaction kinetics and mechanism for catalyst deactivation," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 270, p. 118859, 2020.
[62]Z. Bian, S. Das, M. H. Wai, P. Hongmanorom, and S. Kawi, "A review on bimetallic nickel‐based catalysts for CO2 reforming of methane," ChemPhysChem, vol. 18, no. 22, pp. 3117-3134, 2017.
[63]G. Yin, X. Yuan, X. Du, W. Zhao, Q. Bi, and F. Huang, "Efficient reduction of CO2 to CO using cobalt–cobalt oxide core–shell catalysts," Chemistry–A European Journal, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 2157-2163, 2018.
[64]A. Movasati, S. M. Alavi, and G. Mazloom, "Dry reforming of methane over CeO2-ZnAl2O4 supported Ni and Ni-Co nano-catalysts," Fuel, vol. 236, pp. 1254-1262, 2019.
[65]K. Takanabe, K. Nagaoka, K. Nariai, and K.-i. Aika, "Titania-supported cobalt and nickel bimetallic catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 232, no. 2, pp. 268-275, 2005.
[66]I. Luisetto, S. Tuti, and E. Di Bartolomeo, "Co and Ni supported on CeO2 as selective bimetallic catalyst for dry reforming of methane," international journal of hydrogen energy, vol. 37, no. 21, pp. 15992-15999, 2012.
[67]N. A. Abd Ghani, A. Azapour, S. A. F. a. S. Muhammad, N. M. Ramli, D.-V. N. Vo, and B. Abdullah, "Dry reforming of methane for syngas production over Ni–Co-supported Al 2 O 3–MgO catalysts," Applied Petrochemical Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 263-270, 2018.
[68]K. Takanabe, K. Nagaoka, and K.-i. Aika, "Improved resistance against coke deposition of titania supported cobalt and nickel bimetallic catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane," Catalysis Letters, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 153-157, 2005.
[69]J. Zhang, H. Wang, and A. K. Dalai, "Effects of metal content on activity and stability of Ni-Co bimetallic catalysts for CO2 reforming of CH4," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 339, no. 2, pp. 121-129, 2008.
[70]A. Peres, A. Lima, B. Barros, and D. Melo, "Synthesis and characterization of NiCo2O4 spinel using gelatin as an organic precursor," Materials Letters, vol. 89, pp. 36-39, 2012.
[71]Y. Liu et al., "Catalytic methanation of syngas over Ni-based catalysts with different supports," Chinese journal of chemical engineering, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 602-608, 2017.
[72]J. H. Lehman, M. Terrones, E. Mansfield, K. E. Hurst, and V. Meunier, "Evaluating the characteristics of multiwall carbon nanotubes," Carbon, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 2581-2602, 2011.
[73]R. Baker, "Catalytic growth of carbon filaments," Carbon, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 315-323, 1989.
[74]P. Wu, X. Li, S. Ji, B. Lang, F. Habimana, and C. Li, "Steam reforming of methane to hydrogen over Ni-based metal monolith catalysts," Catalysis Today, vol. 146, no. 1-2, pp. 82-86, 2009.
[75]A. A. Fard, R. Arvaneh, S. M. Alavi, A. Bazyari, and A. Valaei, "Propane steam reforming over promoted Ni–Ce/MgAl2O4 catalysts: effects of Ce promoter on the catalyst performance using developed CCD model," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 39, pp. 21607-21622, 2019.
[76]A. Kokka, A. Katsoni, I. V. Yentekakis, and P. Panagiotopoulou, "Hydrogen production via steam reforming of propane over supported metal catalysts," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 29, pp. 14849-14866, 2020.
[77]K. M. Hardiman, T. T. Ying, A. A. Adesina, E. M. Kennedy, and B. Z. Dlugogorski, "Performance of a Co-Ni catalyst for propane reforming under low steam-to-carbon ratios," Chemical engineering journal, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 119-130, 2004.
[78]C. Gillan, M. Fowles, S. French, and S. D. Jackson, "Ethane steam reforming over a platinum/alumina catalyst: effect of sulfur poisoning," Industrial & engineering chemistry research, vol. 52, no. 37, pp. 13350-13356, 2013.
[79]M. Bilal, C. Gillan, S. French, M. Fowles, and S. D. Jackson, "Steam Reforming of Ethane and Ethanol over Rh/Alumina: a comparative study."
[80]J. Saavedra Lopez, V. Lebarbier Dagle, C. A. Deshmane, L. Kovarik, R. S. Wegeng, and R. A. Dagle, "Methane and Ethane Steam Reforming over MgAl2O4-Supported Rh and Ir Catalysts: Catalytic Implications for Natural Gas Reforming Application," Catalysts, vol. 9, no. 10, p. 801, 2019.
[81]B. T. Schädel, M. Duisberg, and O. Deutschmann, "Steam reforming of methane, ethane, propane, butane, and natural gas over a rhodium-based catalyst," Catalysis today, vol. 142, no. 1-2, pp. 42-51, 2009.
[82]Y. Im, J. H. Lee, B. S. Kwak, J. Y. Do, and M. Kang, "Effective hydrogen production from propane steam reforming using M/NiO/YSZ catalysts (M= Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag)," Catalysis Today, vol. 303, pp. 168-176, 2018.
[83]K. S. Park et al., "Adjusted interactions of nickel nanoparticles with cobalt-modified MgAl2O4-SiC for an enhanced catalytic stability during steam reforming of propane," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 549, pp. 117-133, 2018.
[84]Y. Li, X. Wang, and C. Song, "Spectroscopic characterization and catalytic activity of Rh supported on CeO2-modified Al2O3 for low-temperature steam reforming of propane," Catalysis Today, vol. 263, pp. 22-34, 2016.
[85]K. M. Kim, B. S. Kwak, N.-K. Park, T. J. Lee, S. T. Lee, and M. Kang, "Effective hydrogen production from propane steam reforming over bimetallic co-doped NiFe/Al2O3 catalyst," Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 46, pp. 324-336, 2017.