當火災發生時，安裝於防火門上方的出口標示將在短時間內火成煙所遮蔽，致喪失避難引導的功能，故本研究延續既有研究結果，採用避難標示輔助設備配置於全尺寸空間中，並設定不同情境下進行施放煙霧避難模擬(在既有出口標示下、新增輔助標示)，以了解輔助標示在全尺寸中的避難引導功能。
經本研究設計之實驗得知，當出口標示被煙霧遮蔽時，輔助標示在全尺寸煙霧中仍能提供良好的避難引導，相較於無輔助標示時，將可減少約57%的路徑搜尋時間，對於減少傷亡助益極大。但建築空間形式多元且複雜，在不同空間形式是否仍有良好的功能建議應再進行更多的實驗加以確認。

When a fire occurs, the exit sign is often quickly concealed by smoke because of the sign’s location directly above the emergency exit. The sign thereby loses its guiding function during the ensuing emergency evacuation. Based on existing research results, this study further explored the efficacy of the installation of additional exit aid equipment in a full-scale space and simulated emergency evacuation under different smoke-concealing scenarios (with existing signs and newly added aid equipment) to determine the guiding effectiveness of exit aid equipment in full-scale smoke situations. Experiment results showed that when smoke concealed the exit sign, the exit aid equipment was still able to provide effective guidance in full-scale smoke conditions when compared with those signs without exit aid equipment; the time required for finding the exit route, also termed “way finding,” can be reduced by 57% when exit aid equipment is in place. This is beneficial for decreasing the number of casualties in an emergency evacuation. Due to the diverse and complicated space design of buildings, the guiding effectiveness of exit aid equipment will be further confirmed with more experiments conducted in different types of spaces.

1. Yuh-Chyurn Ding, Ching-Yuan Lin, Ming-Yuan Lei, Yu-Chang Lin, Chieh-Hsin Tang, The Preliminary Investigation Research of the Sign Equipment in Department Store and External Space for Fire Fighting and Rescue, Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of Interior, Project Report, 2005。
2. Piamonte, D.P.T., Understanding small graphical symbols: a cross-cultural study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 27, pp. 399-404, 2001.
3. Murray, L.A., Magurno, A.B., Glover, B.L., Wogalter, M.S. Prohibitive pictorials: Evaluations of different circle-slash negation symbols. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 22, pp. 473-482, 1998.
4. Wogalter, M.S., Conzola V.C., Smith-Jackson. Research-based guidelines for warning design and evaluation. Applied Ergonomics, 33, pp. 219-230, 2002.
5. Shieh, K.K., Huang, S.M., Factors affecting preference ratings of prohibitive symbols, Applied Ergonomics, 34, pp. 581-587, 2003.
6. Petiot, J.F., Yannou, B., Measuring consumer perceptions for a better comprehension, specification and assessment of product semantics. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 33, pp. 507-525, 2003.
7. Maguire, M. C., Areview of human factors guidelines and techniques for the design of graphical human–computer interfaces. Computers and Graphics, 9 (3), pp. 221-235, 1985.
8. Easterby, R., The perception of symbols for machine displays. Ergonomics, 13, pp. 145-158, 1970.
9. Sanders, M.S., McCormick, E.J., Human Factors in Engineering Design. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 121-125,1993.
10. Passini, R., Wayfinding: backbone of graphic support systems. Visual Information for Everyday Use, London: Taylor & Francis, 1999.
11. Montello, D. R., Spatial Orientation And The Angularity Of Urban Routes A Field Study. Environment and Behavior, 23(1), pp. 47-69, 1991.
12. Kakei Hidekazu, Satoh Hiroomi, Ibata Yasuhiro, Sako Toshihiko, A psychological study of the effects of suggested routes map on evacuation behavior : A development of evacuation guidance-system based on multimedia technology Part I, Journal of architecture, Planning and environmental engineering, No. 535, pp. 139-146, 2000.9.
13. Kakei Hidekazu, Satoh Hiroomi, Sano Tomonori, Sako Toshihiko, A psychological study of the effects of suggested routes map on evacuation behavior : A development of evacuation guidance-system based on multimedia technology Part II, Journal of architecture, Planning and environmental engineering, No. 596, pp. 27-34, 2005.10.
14. Kakei Hidekazu, Satoh Hiroomi, Sano Tomonori, Sako Toshihiko, A psychological study of the effects of suggested routes map on evacuation behavior : A development of evacuation guidance-system based on multimedia technology Part III, Journal of architecture, Planning and environmental engineering, No. 613, pp. 73-79, 2007.3.
15. Zeitzer, D., Johnson, M. B. Virtual Actors and Virtual Environments. In: Interacting , 1994.
16. Wilson, J. R. Virtual Environments Applications and Applied Ergonomics, Ergonomics, 30, pp. 3-9, 1999.
17. Weyrich, M., & Drews, P. An Interactive Environment for Virtual Manufacturing: the Virtual Workbench, Computers in Industry, 38, pp. 5-15, 1999.
18. 沈子勝，1994，〈關於避難開始時間決定因素〉，警學叢刊二十五卷第一期。
19. Liebrand, W. B. G., Nowak, A. & Hegelmann, R. (edit) “Computer Modeling of social Process. London”, SAGE Publications. (1998).
20. 林樂權，GSM緊急導引裝置研發及應用於超高層大樓消防之研究國立台灣科技碩士論文，2003。
21. Kobes, M., Helsloot, I., de Vries, B., Post, J.G., Oberije, N., Groenewegen, K., Way finding during fire evacuation; an analysis of unannounced fire drills in a hotel at night , Building and Environment 45 (3), pp. 537-548, 2010.
22. Filippoupolitis, A., Gelenbe, E., A distributed decision support system for building evacuation, Proceedings - 2009 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI '09 , art. no. 5091000, pp. 323-330, 2009.
23. Cheng Xudonga, Zhang Hepinga, Xie Qiyuana, Zhou Yonga, Zhang Hongjiangb and Zhang Chenjie, Study of announced evacuation drill from a retail store, Building and Environment 44 (5), pp. 864-870, 2009.
24. Wang, G.-F., Yan, W.-D., Fu, Y.-S., Time regression model of personal evacuation in building fire, Dongbei Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northeastern University 30 (SUPPL.), pp. 284-288, 2009.
25. Smith, J.L., Brokaw, J.T., Agent based simulation of human movements during emergency evacuations of facilities, Proceedings of the 2008 Structures Congress - Structures Congress 2008: Crossing the Borders 314, 2008.
26. Proulx G. Evacuation time and movement in apartment buildings. Fire Safety Journal 1995;24:229–46.
27. Proulx G, Fahy R. The time delay to start evacuation: review of five case studies. Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on fire safety science, Melbourne, Australia; 1997. p. 783–94.
28. Shields TJ, Boyce KE. A study of evacuation from large retail stores. Fire Safety Journal 2000;35:25–49.