性能式（performance-based）防火避難設計法，皆以人員實際避難時間REST（Required Safety Egress Time）必須小於避難容許時間ASET（Available Safety Egress Time），作為評估避難成功與否之判斷基準；避難容許時間最主要的參考，則常依據煙層下降至離該房間地面一定高度之時間，而決定煙層之一般判定基準，主要取決於煙層溫度對進行避難人員的影響，往往忽略可視度、煙毒性及輻射熱等其他因子相對之危害度。
本研究之目的擬透過全尺寸實驗，驗證二層煙流模式所預測的煙層下降時間與實際實驗所量測煙層下降時間之關係，以及煙層下降時間與可視度、煙毒性、輻射熱等其他相關影響因子達到影響避難極限值時間之比較，以分析計算合理之煙層下降高度。經實驗結果發現：1.經實驗結果發現，小尺寸空間之火災現象確屬二層(two layers)區域模式火場；2.經實驗值與預測值比較，一般煙層下降時間趨勢以N=20％最為貼近預測值，建議採用N-percent方式評估時，N值取20％；3.居室火災實驗煙層下降至離地板1.8m的時間與計算式預估之時間大致相同； 4. 居室火災實驗煙層下降至離地板高度1.8m的時間，與同一實驗煙層所產生的煙粒子濃度、CO量、輻射熱值與溫度值到達臨界值的時間貼近，因此，一般居室以煙層下降至離地板1.8m高度作為居室內人員避難容許時間，尚屬合理。

Available safety egress time (ASET) is one of the basic assessment criteria in performance-based fire safety design, which will directly determine the success of building fire protection design from the results of evaluation. In general, the ASET in performance-based egress design complies with the critical time for the smoke layer height descending to a certain distance above the floor. Through full scale experiments of compartment fire in this study, we demonstrated that (1) the relationships between the predicted descending time of smoke layer by “Two Zone Model” and the practical descending time of smoke layer by experimental measurements; and (2) the comparisons between the descending time of smoke layer and the threshold values of other correlative influential factors, which serve to analyze and calculate the reasonable descending smoke layer height in egress design. From the experimental results, we also concluded as follows: (1) By comparing the experimental data with the estimated values, the trend of descending time of smoke layer is close to estimated value when N is equal to 20%. In other words, as the evaluation is determined by “N-Percent Method”, adopting 20% as the N value is suggested. (2) In the compartment fire experiments, the experimental and estimated values of the descending time of smoke layer to 1.8 meter above the floor are approximately the same. (3) Similarly, the corresponding time is close to the one reaching threshold values of smoke particle density, carbon monoxide concentration, heat flux, and temperature produced by the smoke layer within the same experiments. Hence, it is rational to take the time of smoke layer descending to 1.8 meter above the floor as the available safety egress time in compartment fire.

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