簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 胡鎮岳
Chen-Yeuh Hu
論文名稱: 使用自適應濾波器於穿戴式裝置心率偵測之研究
A Study of Pulse Rate Detection Using Adaptive Filter on a Wearable Device
指導教授: 林淵翔
Yuan-Hsiang Lin
口試委員: 陳維美
林昌鴻
黃文正
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 電子工程系
Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 69
中文關鍵詞: 自適應濾波器光體積變化描記圖心率偵測移動雜訊穿戴式裝置
外文關鍵詞: Adaptive filter, PPG, Pulse rate detection, Motion Artifact, Wearable device
相關次數: 點閱:451下載:1
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 目前市面上所販售的手環或手錶大多都有量測心率的功能,一般是使用光體積變化描述術(Photoplethysmography, PPG)的光學心率感測器。可是由於運動時的手部晃動容易產生移動雜訊(Motion Artifact),造成心率量測的準確度下降。為了改善此問題,本論文的主要目的是開發一款可消除移動雜訊的演算法,本研究主要是藉由一個穿戴式手環,其裝置內包含PPG和加速度感測器,此PPG與加速度訊號經取樣並轉換為數位訊號後經由藍牙無線傳輸傳送到一手機的APP內錄製,錄製完畢後將其訊號存取成.csv檔,之後再藉由PC端的Matlab開發環境做分析與演算法開發。
    為了準確的偵測心率,此研究我們提出一個利用自適應濾波器來消除移動雜訊的方法,透過加速度計來量測移動雜訊。本研究之心率偵測演算法的性能經過實驗驗證並與市售的Polar心率帶做比較。其設計的演算法在靜止時的心率誤差結果為2.7 %,在從事飛輪動作時的心率誤差結果為6.6 %,而在跑步機運動時的心率誤差結果為5.6 %。
    本研究使用的自適應濾波器可用來降低PPG訊號裡的移動雜訊,搭配心率偵測演算法可提高心率偵測的準確性。


    Nowadays most of the wristbands or watches sold on the market feature with the function of measuring pulse rate, which generally equip with optical pulse rate sensors using Photoplethysmography. However, motion artifacts will decrease the PPG accuracy of pulse rate measurement. The main purpose of this thesis is to improve this problem by developing an algorithm that can reduce motion artifacts. In this study, we use a wristband with a PPG and acceleration sensor, The PPG and the an acceleration signals are sampled and converted to digital signal, and then transmitted to the APP of a mobile phone via bluetooth wireless transmission. After recording, the signal is recorded and saved as a .csv file. Then the algorithm will be analyzed and developed through the PC-based MATLAB development platform.
    In order to detect the pulse rate more accurately, in this study we propose a method using an adaptive filter to eliminate motion artifacts, while motion artifacts are measured through triaxial accelerometer. The accuracy of the pulse rate detection algorithm in this study has been tested experimentally and compared with the polar pulse rate band sold on the market. The pulse rate error resulting from the algorithm designed in this study is 2.7% while sitting on a chair, 6.6% while riding a spinning bike, and 5.6% while running on a treadmill.
    In this study, it is verified that the proposed algorithm can be used to reduce the motion artifacts in PPG signal, and that the accuracy of pulse rate detection can be improved.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 IX 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 2 1.3 文獻探討 3 1.4 論文架構 5 第二章、研究背景 6 2.1 心電圖(ECG)訊號 6 2.1.1 心電圖 6 2.1.2 心電圖原理 6 2.2 光體積變化描述術(PPG) 9 2.3 心率(Pulse Rate) 11 2.4 PPG感測器(PPG Sensor) 12 2.4.1 發光二極體(LED) 12 2.4.2 光電二極體(Photodiode) 12 2.5 加速度感測器(Accelerometer) 13 2.6 微控制器(Microcontroller) 15 2.7 藍牙模組(Bluetooth) 17 2.8 自適應濾波器(Adaptive Filter) 18 2.8.1自適應濾波器結構 19 2.8.2自適應算法 20 第三章、研究方法 23 3.1 穿戴式系統與資料錄製 23 3.1.1 硬體 23 3.1.2 軟體 24 3.2 訊號處理方法 26 3.2.1 PPG與加速度訊號前處理 28 3.2.2 時頻域分析判斷與心率計算 31 3.2.3 心率偵測演算法 35 3.2.4 移動平均(Moving Average, MVA) 37 第四章、實驗方法與結果 39 4.1 實驗方法 39 4.1.1研究對象 39 4.1.2實驗步驟 39 4.2 資料分析 41 4.3 實驗一 42 4.4 實驗二 44 4.5 實驗三 47 第五章、討論 50 5.1自適應濾波器資料驗證 50 5.2移動平均資料驗證 51 第六章、結論與未來展望 54 參考文獻 55

    [1] IDC, J. Ubrani, R. Llamas and M. Shirer International Data Corporation," Growth in Wearables Shows No Signs of Wearing Out with Double-Digit Gains Forecast Through 2021, According to IDC," Sep., 2017. [Online]. Available:
    https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS43058317.
    [Accessed on 16 Dec 2018]
    [2] A. C. Burton, "The range and variability of the blood flow in the human fingers and the vasomotor regulation by body temperature," American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, vol. 127, pp. 473–453, May, 1939.
    [3] A. L. Lee, A. J. Tahmoush and J. R. Jennings, "An LED-Transistor Photoplethysmograph," Transactions on Biomedical. Engerneering, vol. BME22, no. 3, pp. 248–250, May, 1975.
    [4] S. Lu et al, "Can photoplethysmography variability serve as an alternative approach to obtain pulse rate variability information?," Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing (2008), vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 23–29, Nov., 2008.
    [5] M. Okadas, M. Okadas and M. Yakata, "Evaluation of arterial pulse wave velocity on the basis of multivariate analysis," IEEE Engineering In Medicine & Biology Society 1lTH Annual International Conference, no. 11, pp. 136–137, Nov., 1989
    [6] M. R. Ram et al, "ICA-based improved DTCWT technique for MA reduction in PPG signals with restored respiratory information," IEEE Transactions On Instrumentation Measurement., vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 2639–2651, Oct., 2013.
    [7] P. Ghosal, R. Gupta, and P. Kundu, "Finger photoplethysmogram signal enhancement: Comparing performance between PCA and ICA methods," 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication (IESC), Shillong, 2017, pp. 203–209, Oct., 2017.
    [8] J. M. M. Torres, A. Ghosh, E. A. Stepanov, and G. Riccardi, "HEAL-T: An efficient ppg-based pulse-rate and IBI estimation method during physical exercise," 2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Budapest, pp. 1438–1442, Aug., 2016.
    [9] Z. Zhang, Z. Pi, and B. Liu, "TROIKA: A general framework for pulse rate monitoring using wrist-type photoplethysmographic signals during intensive physical exercise," IEEE Transactions.on Biomedical. Engineering., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 522–531, Feb., 2015.
    [10] N. Acır, E. C. Mengüç, "An adaptive noise canceller based on QLMS algorithm for removing EOG artifacts in EEG recordings," 2017 International Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing Symposium (IDAP), no. 2, pp. 1–4, Sep., 2017.
    [11] S. S. Chowdhury, R. Hyder, M. S. B. Hafiz and M. A. Haque, "Real-Time Robust Pulse Rate Estimation From Wrist-Type PPG Signals Using Multiple Reference Adaptive Noise Cancellation," in IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 450-459, Mar., 2018.
    [12] M. R. Ram, K. V. Madhav, E. H. Krishna, N. R. Komalla and K. A. Reddy, " On the performance of AS-LMS based Adaptive Filter for Reduction of Motion Artifacts from PPG Signals," 2011 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Binjiang, 2011, pp. 1-4, May, 2011.
    [13] H. Han, J. Kim, "Artifacts in wearable photoplethysmographs during daily life motions and their reduction with least mean square based active noise cancellation method," Computers in Biology and Medicine., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 387–393, Apr., 2012. 
    [14] M. R. Ram, K. V. Madhav, E. H. Krishna, N. R. Komalla and K. A. Reddy, "A Novel Approach for Motion Artifact Reduction in PPG Signals Based on AS-LMS Adaptive Filter," in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 1445-1457, May, 2012.
    [15] 馬慶聖, "使用主動噪音消除法以削減光體積描記術之心率訊號上的動作雜訊," 碩士論文,中央大學, Jun., 2014.
    [16] 楊昕峰, "使用自適應濾波器於穿戴式裝置 PPG訊號偵測心率之研究," 碩士論文,中興大學, Jul., 2017
    [17] M. T. Islam, S. Tanvir. Ahmed, I. Zabir, C. Shahnaz and S. A. Fattah, "Cascade and parallel combination (CPC) of adaptive filters for estimating pulse rate during intensive physical exercise from photoplethysmographic signal," in Healthcare Technology Letters, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 18-24, Jun., 2018.
    [18] A. Galli, C. Narduzzi and G. Giorgi,"Measuring Pulse Rate During Physical Exercise by Subspace Decomposition and Kalman Smoothing," in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1102-1110, May, 2018.
    [19] 黃進忠, "即時HRV分析系統發展及其應用於生物回饋系統," 碩士論文,交通大學, Jun., 2006.
    [20] Wikipedia International Data Corporation, "Electrocardiography," [Online]. Available:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography.
    [Accessed on 21 Nov 2018].
    [21] 陳敬修, "利用非侵入式Plethysmography信號評估手術病患舒張壓變化趨勢之研究," 碩士論文,中山大學, Jun., 2004.
    [22] MedlinePlus, "Pulse" [Online]. Available: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm
    [Accessed on 3 Jan 2019].
    [23] American Pulse Association, "All About Pulse Rate (Pulse)." [Online]. Available:
    https://www.pulse.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/all-about-pulse-rate-pulse
    [Accessed on 3 Jan 2019].
    [24] Wikipedia International Data Corporation, "Light-emitting diode," [Online]. Available:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode
    [Accessed on 3 Jan 2019].
    [25] STMicroelectronics, "LIS3DH," [Online]. Available:
    https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/cd00274221.pdf
    [Accessed on 3 Jan 2019].
    [26] STMicroelectronics, "STM32F411xC STM32F411xE Datasheet," [Online]. Available:
    https://www.st.com/content/ccc/resource/technical/document/errata_sheet/81/45/af/ac/2b/e1/4d/07/DM00137034.pdf/files/DM00137034.pdf/jcr:content/translations/en.DM00137034.pdf
    [Accessed on 3 Jan 2019].
    [27] 鄭皓云, "藍芽模組與處理器之連結控制設計與實作," 碩士論文,成功大學, Jul., 2005.
    [28] 陳泰全, "藍芽系統之省電方式研究與改善," 碩士論文,台北科技大學, Jul., 2011.
    [29] Martyn Currey, "HC-05 FC-114 and HC-06 FC-114. Part 2 – Basic AT commands." [Online]. Available:
    http://www.martyncurrey.com/hc-05-fc-114-and-hc-06-fc-114-part-2-basic-at-commands/
    [Accessed on 3 Jan 2019].
    [30] Wikipedia International Data Corporation, " Adaptive filter," [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_filter
    [Accessed on 6 Jan 2019].
    [31] Y. Lin and Y. Lin, "Step Count and Pulse Rate Detection Based on the Contactless Image Measurement Method," in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 2223-2231, Aug., 2018.

    QR CODE