近年來隨著科技的日益進步，人們對數據傳輸的需要也隨著提高，在此光互連時代也隨之到來，雷射與光纖技術在此具有重要地位。越來越來的研究人員投入到光學系統的開發當中。其中雷射的開發與直接應用也日益廣泛，光通信網路，生醫檢測，雷射加工，光纖感測和醫療美容等。因此本文將通過建構1550nm光纖雷射，並基於此研發了短脈衝雷射並進行了特性研究。並開發了1064nm光纖雷射感測系統和450nm雷射水下無線光通訊系統。
本文首先對1550nm環形光纖雷射進行了開發，並以此為基礎進行延伸，構建了1550nm短脈衝光纖雷射，並對所開發之1550nm短脈衝光纖雷射進行性能優化。通過改變輸出功率的光耦合比，雷射共振腔長度達成了脈衝寬度分別為5ns、20ns和400ns的1550nm短脈衝光纖雷射, 平均輸出功率為15.67mW、13.27mW 和13.02 mW, 單發脈衝能量為86.2nJ、3.98nJ 和2.34 nJ。最後通過建置主震荡高功率放大器對輸出雷射功率提升了133倍、152倍和157倍。基於1550nm環形光纖雷射的架構，通過加入半導體光放大器建構了不同波長的1064nm環形光纖雷射。並利用所開發雷射搭配多個光開關與光纖光柵，建立了一套光纖感測系統，具有25km的動態感測範圍。最後針對本系統對水溫和應力參數的感測效果進行了探究, 溫度感測靈敏度為0.0058 nm/ ℃，線性度為0.9953。擠壓力感測靈敏度為0.18 mm/nm，線性度為0.9874。拉伸力感測靈敏度為0.17 mm/nm，線性度為0.9812。本文也針對光通訊系統進行了建構，並選擇了更具挑戰的水下無線光通訊。基於450nm藍光雷射建構了一套可在純水環境下傳輸6米的水下無線光通訊系統。並對本系統在實際應用環境的參數性能進行了研究。在擾流環境下，進行了溫度變化和人工海水實驗，對本系統的應用性能進行了測試。溫度變化對系統的通訊性能造成的影響不大，在水溫10℃和50℃時，傳輸6米的誤碼率小於10 × 10−8。但在海水環境下，系統性能受到嚴重影響，有效通信距離由6m降至3m，這是由於海水中的雜質引起雷射光束發散所導致的。
透過上述三種典型的雷射技術開發，對雷射技術的廣泛應用進行了介紹，並可為相關領域研究人員提供多方面參考。並期望未來可結合上述三種技術，開發更為多功能之光學系統應用。

In recent years, with the increasing progress of science and technology, people's need for data transmission has also increased. In this era of optical interconnection, laser and optical technology play an essential role. More and more researchers are investing in the development of optical systems. Among them, lasers' development and direct application are also increasingly widespread, such as optical communication networks, biomedical detection, laser processing, optical fiber sensing, and medical beauty. Therefore, a 1550 nm fiber laser will be constructed in this paper, and based on this; a short-pulse laser will be developed and studied. A 1064nm optical fiber laser sensing system and a 450-nm underwater wireless optical communication system have been developed.
In this paper, a 1550 nm ring fiber laser is developed and extended on this basis. A 1550 nm short-pulse fiber laser is constructed, and the performance of the 1550 nm short-pulse fiber laser is optimized. By changing the optical coupling ratio of the output power, the laser cavity length achieves 1550 nm short-pulse optical fiber laser with a pulse width of 5 ns, 20 ns, and 400 ns, respectively. The average output power is 15.67 mW, 13.27 mW, and 13.02 mW, and the single-pulse energy is 86.2 nJ, 3.98 nJ, and 2.34 nJ. Finally, the output laser power is 133 times, 152 times, and 157 times higher by building a master oscillator high power amplifier. The 1550 nm ring fiber laser structure, 1064 nm ring fiber laser with different wavelengths was constructed by adding a semiconductor optical amplifier. Optical fiber sensing systems with a dynamic sensing range of 25 km have been established using the developed laser with multiple optical switches and optical grating. Finally, the effect of this system on water temperature and stress parameters is explored. The results show that the Fiber Bragg Grating temperature sensor has a sensitivity of 0.0058 nm/ ℃ and linearity of 0.9953. The extrusion pressure sensor has a sensitivity of 0.18 mm/nm and linearity of 0.9874. The tension sensor has a sensitivity of 0.17 mm/nm and linearity of 0.9812. This paper also constructs the optical communication system and chooses the more challenging underwater wireless optical communication. An underwater wireless optical communication system capable of transmitting 6 meters in a pure water environment is constructed based on a 450 nm blue laser. The parameter performance of the system in the real application environment is also studied. The temperature change and artificial seawater experiments were carried out under a disturbing current environment, and the application performance was tested. Temperature changes have little effect on the communication performance of the system. When the water temperature is 10℃ and 50℃, the bit error rate of transmitting 6m is less than 10 × 10−8. However, in the seawater environment, the system's performance is seriously affected, and the effective communication distance is reduced from 6m to 3m, which is caused by the divergence of the laser beam caused by impurities in seawater.
Through the development of these three typical laser technology applications, the wide application of laser technology is introduced, and it can provide many references for researchers in related fields. It is expected that future applications of more versatile optical systems will be developed by combining these three technologies.

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