本研究利用模糊網路層級分析法(Fuzzy Analytic Network Process, FANP)及折衷排序法(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, VIKOR)來探討台灣地區零售業之科技準備程度。研究結果顯示，就科技應用程度低的廠商而言，環境為影響科技準備度之最重要構面，而最重要次準則為同業競爭強度；就科技應用程度中的廠商而言，組織為影響科技準備度之最重要構面，而最重要次準則為使用者經驗程度；就科技應用程度高的廠商而言，組織為影響科技準備度之最重要構面，而最重要次準則為企業科技整合程度。最後，根據折衷排序法的分析結果，科技應用程度低的廠商，偏好將提升科技化作為首要策略；科技應用程度中的廠商，偏好將擴大市場規模及提升自動化作為其策略；科技應用程度高的廠商，偏好將開發新市場作為首要策略。

This study utilizes the FANP (Fuzzy Analytic Network Process) and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method to evaluate the technology readiness of retail industry in Taiwan. The empirical results reveal that the environment side of technology readiness is most important aspect, and the most important sub-criteria is “competition intensity” for low-tech adoption enterprises；for middle-tech adoption enterprises, the organization side of technology readiness is most important aspect, and the most important sub-criteria is “experience” ；for high-tech adoption enterprises, the organization side of technology readiness is most important aspect, and the most important sub-criteria is “technology integration”. Finally, according to the analysis of the VIKOR method, for low-tech adoption enterprises, they prefer to take “Raise automation” as the primary strategy; for middle-tech adoption enterprises, they prefer to take “Expand scale” and “Raise automation” as their strategies; for high-tech adoption enterprises, they prefer to take “Exploit new market” as the main strategy.

Badri, M., Al Rashedi, A. and Yang, G., Mohaidat, J. and Al Hammadi, A. (2014), “Technology Readiness of School Teachers: An Empirical Study of Measurement and Segmentation”, Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 13, pp. 257-275.
Bajwa, D. S., Rai, A. and Brennan, I. (1998), “Key antecedents of executive information system success: A path analytic approach”, Decision Support Systems, 22 (1), pp. 31-43.
Baležentis, A., Baležentis, T., and Misiunas, A. (2012), “An integrated assessment of Lithuanian economic sectors based on financial ratios and fuzzy MCDM methods”. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(1), pp. 34-53.
Black, N. J., Lockett, A., Winklhofer, H. and Ennew, C. (2001), “The adoption of Internet financial services: a qualitative study”, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29 (8), pp. 390-398.
Chang, S. C., and Tsai, P. H. (2014), “Comparing the Apple iPad and non-Apple camp tablet PCs: A multicriteria decision analysis”. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 20, pp. 285–313.
Chang, S. C., and Tsai, P. H. (2016), “A Hybrid Financial Performance Evaluation Model for Wealth Management Banks following the Global Financial Crisis”, Technological and Economic Development of Economy,22(1), pp 21-46.
Chang, Y.T. (2003), “Dynamics of Banking Technology Adoption: An Application to Internet Banking”, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
Chanyagorn, P. and Kungwannarongkun, B. (2011), “ICT readiness assessment model for public and private organizations in developing country”, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 1(2), pp. 99-106.
Chen, M. F., Tzeng, G. H., and Tang, T. I. (2005), “Fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluation of expatriate assignments”, International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 4(2), pp. 277-296.
Chen, Y. W. (2001), “Formulation of Learning Analytics Network Process”, In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the AHP(ISAHP). pp.73-78.
Chou, W. C., and Cheng, Y. P. (2012), “A hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluating website quality of professional accounting firms”, Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), 2783-2793.
Coughlan, J., Kennedy, A., Fiona, E.C. and Vize, R. (2013), “Technology readiness in a B2B online retail context: An examination of antecedents and outcomes”, Industrial Marketing Management, 42(6), pp. 909-918.
Csutora, R., and Buckley, J.J. (2001), “Fuzzy hierarchical analysis: the Lambda-Max method”. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 120, pp. 181-195.
Desai, P., Potia, A. and Salsberg, B. (2014), “The Future of Retail Grocery in A Digital World”, McKinsey, pp 2-5.
Dožić, S., Lutovac, T. and Kalić, M. (2018), “Fuzzy AHP approach to passenger aircraft type selection”, Journal of Air Transport Management, 68, pp. 165-175.
Fiala, P., and Jablonsky, J. (2001), “Performance analysis of network production systems by ANP Approach”. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the AHP (ISAHP), 200, pp. 101-103.
Fu, H. P., Chu, K. K., Chao, P., Lee, H. H., and Liao, Y. C. (2011), “Using fuzzy AHP and VIKOR for benchmarking analysis in the hotel industry”. Service Industries Journal, 31(14), pp. 2373-2389.
Ginevičius, R., Krivka, A., and Šimkūnaite, J. (2010), “The model of forming competitive strategy of an enterprise under the conditions of oligopolic market”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(3), pp. 367-395.
Gülçin, B., and Gizem, Ç. (2012), “A novel hybrid MCDM approach based on fuzzy DEMATEL, fuzzy ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate green suppliers”, Expert Systems with Applications, 39, pp. 3000–3011.
Hsu, P., Kraemer, K. L., and Dunkle, D. (2006), “Determinants of e-business use in U.S. firms”, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 10 (4), pp. 9-45.
Huang, J. J., Tzeng, G. H., and Ong, C. S. (2005), “Multidimensional data in multidimensional scaling using the analytic network process”, Pattern Recognition Letters, 26(6), pp. 755-767.
Ishan, Y., Metin, D. (2007), “Using the analytic network process (ANP) in a SWOT analysis – A case study for a textile”, Information Sciences, 177(16), pp. 3364-3382.
Javalgi, R. G., Armacost, R. L., and Hosseini, J. C. (1989), “Using the analytic hierarchy process for bank management: Analysis of consumer bank selection decisions”, Journal of Business Research, 19(1), pp. 33-49.
Kahraman, C., Ruan, D., and Dogan, Y. (2003), “Fuzzy group decision-making for facility location selection”, Information Sciences, 157, pp. 135-153.
Kaya, T. and Kahraman, C. (2010), “Multicriteria renewable energy planning using an integrated fuzzy VIKOR & AHP methodology: The case of Istanbul”, Energy, 35(6), pp. 2517-2527.
Kimberly, J.R., and Evanisko, M.J. (1981), “Organizational innovation: The influence of individual, organizational, and contextual factors on hospital adoption of technological and administrative innovations”, Academy of Management Journal, 24(4), pp. 689–713.
Kuo, M. S., and Liang, G. S. (2011), “Combining VIKOR with GRA techniques to evaluate service quality of airports under a fuzzy environment”, Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), pp. 1304-1312.
Laarhoven, P. J. M., and Pedrycz, W. (1983), “A fuzzy extension of Saaty’s priority theory”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 11(1), pp. 199-227.
Lee, C. C., Tseng, G. S., and Chiang, C. (2011), “Determining service quality measurement key indicators in a travel website using a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process”, International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 9(4), 322-333.
Lee, J. W. and Kim, S. H. (2000), “Using analytic network process and goal programming for interdependent information system project selection”, Computers and Operations Research, 27(4), pp. 367–382.
Lee, H.L., and Whang, S. (2001), “E-business and supply chain integration”, Stanford Global Supply Chain Management Forum, pp. 20.
Levin, S.G., Levin, S.L. and Meisel, J. B. (1987), “A dynamic analysis of the adoption of a new technology: The case of optical scanners”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 69(1), pp. 12–17.
Lin, H. F. (2010a), “An application of fuzzy AHP for evaluating course website quality”, Computers & Education, 54(4), pp. 877-888.
Lin, L. Z., Huang, L. C., and Yeh, H. R. (2012), “Fuzzy group decision-making for service innovations in quality function deployment”, Group Decision and Negotiation, 21(4), pp. 495-517.
Macharis, C., Springael, J., Brucker, K. D., and Verbeke, A. (2004), “PROMETHEE and AHP: The design of operational synergies in multicriteria analysis: Strengthening Promethee with ideas of AHP”, European Journal of Operational Research, 153(2), pp. 307-317.
Meade, L. M. and Sarkis, J. (1998), “Strategic analysis of logistics and supply chain management systems using the analytical network process”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 34(3), pp 201–215.
Mikhailov, L. (2004), “A fuzzy approach to deriving priorities from interval pair-wise comparison judgments”, European Journal of Operational Research, 159(3), pp. 687-704.
Mpofu, K., Milne, D. and Watkins-Mathys, L. (2009), “ICT Adoption and Development of E-Business Among SMEs in South Africa”, United Kingdom: Buckinghamshire New University.
Norazah, M. S. (2010), “An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting the Internet Banking Adoption among Malaysian Consumers”, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 15(2), pp. 1-11.
Nurdan, Y. and Fatih, T. (2018), “A hybrid multi-criteria decision making approach for strategic retail location investment: Application to Turkish food retailing”, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences.
Opricovic, S. (1998), “Multicriteria optimization of civil engineering systems”, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade, 2(1), pp. 5-21.
Opricovic, S., and Tzeng, G. H. (2004), “Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS”, European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2), pp. 445-455.
Opricovic, S. (2011), “Fuzzy VIKOR with an application to water resources planning”, Expert Systems with Applications, 38(10), pp. 12983-12990.
Özden. B. (2002), “A new methodology in multiple criteria decision-making systems: Analytical network process (ANP) and an application”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 57(1), pp. 15-34.
Parasuraman, A (2000), “Technology Readiness Index (Tri)”, MARYLAND, Journal of Service Research, 2(4), pp. 307-320.
Parkouhi, S. V. and Ghadikolaei, A. S. (2017), “A resilience approach for supplier selection: Using fuzzy analytic network process and grey VIKOR techniques”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 161(10), pp. 431-451.
Peng, Y., Kou, G., Wang, G., and Shi, Y. (2011), “FAMCDM: A fusion approach of MCDM methods to rank multiclass classification algorithms”, Omega, 39(6), pp. 677-689.
Pikkarainen, T., Pikkarainen, K., Karjaluoto, H. and Pahnila, S. (2004), “Consumer acceptance of online banking: an extension of the technology acceptance model”, Internet Research, 14(3), pp. 224-235.
Rahman, S., Yang, L. and Waters, S. (2013), “Factors Affecting RFID Adoption in Chinese Manufacturing Firms: An Investigation Using AHP”, IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 46(9), pp. 869-874.
Rai, A. and Bajwa, D.S. (1997), “An empirical investigation into factors relating to the adoption of executive information systems: An analysis of EIS for collaboration and decision support”, Decision Science, 28(4), pp. 939–974.
Reynolds, J. (2000), “E-commerce: A critical review”, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 28, pp. 417-444.
Rezaei, J., Fahim, P. B. M. and Tavasszy, L. (2014), “Supplier selection in the airline retail industry using a funnel methodology: Conjunctive screening method and fuzzy AHP”, Expert Systems with Applications, 41(18), pp. 8165-8179.
Saaty, T. L. (1980), “The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, McGraw Hill Publications.
Saaty, T. L. (1996), “Decision making with dependence and feedback: The analytic network process”, RWS Publications, Pittsburgh.
Saaty, T. L. (1999), Fundamentals of the Analytic Network Process, Kobe, Japan: ISAHP.
Sevkli, M., Oztekin, A., Uysal, O., Torlak, G., Turkyilmaz, A., and Delen D. (2012), “Development of a fuzzy ANP-based SWOT analysis for the airline industry in Turkey”, Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), pp. 14-24.
Succi, M.J. and Walter, Z.D. (1999), “Theory of user acceptance of information technologies: an examination of health care professionals”, Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 1-7.
Suki, N.M. (2010), “An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting the Internet Banking Adoption among Malaysian Consumers”, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 15(2), pp. 1-11.
Taji, K., Sagayama, Y., and Tamuara, H. (2002), “A Group Analytic Network Process (ANP) for incomplete information”, Systems Control and Information, 46(7), pp. 305-311.
Tornatzky, L.G., and Fleischer, M. and Chakrabarti, A. K. (1990), “The Process of Technology Innovation”, Lexington Books.
Walczuch, R., Lemmink, J. and Streukens, S. (2007), “The effect of service employees’ technology readiness on technology acceptance”, Information & Management, 44(2), pp. 206-215.
Wu, C. R., Lin, C. T., and Tsai, P. H. (2009), “Analysing alternatives in financial services for wealth management banks: The analytic network process and the balanced scorecard”, IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, 20(3), pp. 303-321.
Wu, C. R., Lin, C. T., and Tsai, P. H. (2010), “Evaluating business performance of wealth management banks”, European Journal of Operational Research, 207(2), pp. 971-979.
Xu, S., Zhu, K., and Gibbs, J. (2004), “Global technology, local adoption: A cross-country investigation of Internet adoption by companies in the United States and China”, Electronic Markets, 14(1), pp. 13–24.
Zadeh, L. A. (1965), “Fuzzy sets”, Information and Control, 8(3), pp. 338-353.
Zappala, S. and Gray, C. (2006), “Impact of E-commerce on Consumers and Small Firms”, Ashgate Publishing.
Zavadskas, E. K., and Turskis, Z. (2011), “Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods in economics: An overview”. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 17(2), pp. 397-427.
Zhu, K., Kraemer, K. and Xu, S. X. (2006), “The process of innovation assimilation by firms in different countries: a technology diffusion perspective on e-business”, Management Science, 52 (10), pp. 1557-1576.
Zolait, A. H. S., Mattila, M. and Sulaiman, A. (2009), “The effect of user’s informational-based readiness on innovation acceptance”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27 (1), pp. 76-100.