自然資源的開發攸關著人類的生存，其用作生產不斷增長的人口所需之材料。但由於會對自然資源產生不可替代的損害，環境破壞和污染成為全球關注的問題。因此，替代能源作為取代化石燃料正成為一大研究重點。生質能、水能、地熱能、太陽能、風能和海洋能等能源是常見且人們正探索中的替代能源。除此之外，儲能系統是伴隨發展替代能源的另一個研究主題。在這方面，無陽極水系電池由於其高能量密度、穩定性和低製造成本而成為一種有前途的儲能材料。儘管如此，到目前為止，無陽極電池所固有的挑戰還沒有得到很好的解決。在本研究中，作為集電器之銅箔內的問題由電解液改質得到解決。在銅集電器表面原位形成合金，用以保護和穩定界面，進而改善鋅的成核。SEM、EDS、FIB和TXM則考慮到Cu和Sn的沉積，用於研究界面處的性質。其他不同的表徵技術，如XRD和XPS用來解釋合金的形成和SnBr2添加劑對電解液系統的影響。由於形成了穩定銅基體的合金，實現了以電解液為唯一鋅源的無陽極水系電池，並證明了它們的良好性能。在混合電解液中加入SnBr2添加劑的無陽極水性Cu||LFP全電池在300圈循環後表現出99.1%的平均庫侖效率，在100圈循環後表現出相對良好的容量保持率（35.2%）；無SnBr2添加劑的電池在300圈循環後表現出97.6%的平均庫倫效率，100圈循環後容量保持率僅為7.8%。我們的方法可能會激發更多研究人員，進一步研究製造可用作替代儲能材料的實用無陽極水性混合電池。

Natural resource exploitation is a requirement for human existence. to produce the materials, they needed supporting the growing human populations. But environmental disruption and pollution have become global concern due to irreplaceable damage to natural resources. So, an alternative energy source is becoming a focus of research that can replace the use of fossil fuels. Biomass, hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind, and marine energies are the alternative energy sources set to be explored. In addition to that, energy storage systems are the other topic of investigation that accompanies the findings of alternative energy resources. In this regard, anode-free aqueous batteries, because of their high energy density, stability, and low manufacturing cost are emerging as a promising energy storage material. Nonetheless, the challenges inherent in anode-free batteries are not well tackled so far. In this work, the issue within the Cu foil as a current collector was handled by an electrolyte engineering. Using the in-situ formation of alloy at the surface of Cu current collector that protects and stabilizes the interface improving the nucleation of zinc. SEM, EDS, FIB, and TXM working mechanisms were explained and used to investigate the nucleation and growth at the surface and further deposition nature at the interface. Different characterization techniques such as XRD and XPS were used to explain the alloy formation and the SnBr2 additive effect on the electrolyte system. As a result of the formation of alloy that stabilized Cu substrate, the anode-free aqueous battery, where the electrolyte was the only Zn source, was realized, and their promising performance was demonstrated. The anode-free aqueous Cu|| LFP full cell by using SnBr2 additive into the hybrid electrolyte exhibit 99.1 % average coulombic efficiency after 300 cycles with relatively good capacity retention (35.2%) after 100 cycles as compared with 97.6 % average coulombic efficiency after 300 cycles and 7.8% capacity retention for the electrolyte without. Our method might inspire more researchers for further investigation to manufacture practical anode-free aqueous hybrid batteries that can serve as alternative energy storage materials.

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