中高齡者罹患退化性膝關節炎者極多，在台灣就有350萬人，輕則行動不便，重則必須置換人工膝關節。因此，本研究透過力學分析，改良設計一款具有緩衝儲能特性之鞋底模組，冀能減緩患者的疼痛或降低退化性膝關節炎的發生率。

本研究之緩衝模組具有非線性的特性。當受壓時，前期彈性較軟可以減少衝擊力，持續下壓到了後期因剛性逐漸增加，故可在有限的變形空間內儲存較多的能量，該能量可提供回彈的助力，讓使用者在走路或跑步等活動時更加輕鬆、充滿活力。

本研究使用有限元素分析法進行模擬，透過模擬並調整彈片之各項參數可使得緩衝的效果符合不同使用者的個別需求或是不同的使用情境。另外，建立人體數學模型，探討鞋底模組之剛性與阻尼對地面垂直反作用力之影響，並藉由測力板之量測來修正人體數學模型。最後，將試製的雛型提供患者穿戴，再根據客觀的實測資料與穿戴者的主觀感受來進一步修改彈片的參數。

The middle-aged afflicted with Osteoarthritis (OA) are quite a few. In Taiwan, there are 3.5 million people suffering from the disease. On the one hand, for those with slight symptoms, the disease will cause mobility impairment; on the other hand, the patients with severe symptoms must need to undergo the surgery of knee replacement. Therefore, through mechanical analysis, the research aims to design a type of cushioning and energy-storing module for shoes, not merely alleviating the pains of patients but lowering the incidence rate of the disease as well.

The cushioning module of the research possesses nonlinear characteristics. While under pressures, the relatively small stiffness at early stage can reduce the impact force; with constant pressures along the way, at the later stage, more energy can be accumulated within the limited deformed space due to the increase on stiffness. The energy helps provide the force to bounce back, enabling the users to feel a lot more relaxed and vigorous when walking or running.

The research applies finite element analysis for simulation. By means of simulating and adjusting each parameter of shrapnel, the effect of cushion can match the individuals’ needs of different users or scenarios. Besides, the process includes establishing mathematical model of human body, exploring the interaction of stiffness and damping of shoe-module and ground vertical reaction force, and modifying the mathematical model according to the measurements on force plate. Eventually, the prototypes are offered for patients to wear, and parameters of shrapnel will be further recalibrated based on the objective data and subjective feelings of wearers.

[1] Naville, D., Sporting and Exercicing Device Having a Foot
Receiving Portion and an Anticollapse Spring Portion, U.S. Patent,
No. 5643148, 1997.
[2] Montaut, C. F., Shoe Having Improved Cushioning And Propulsion, U.S. Patent,
No.0165428, 2014.
[3] 梁嘉陽，運動輔具之緩衝模組的設計，國立臺灣科技大學研究所碩士論文，2012。
[4] 黃偉晟，鞋底緩衝回彈模組的設計與改良，國立臺灣科技大學研究所碩士論文，2015。
[5] Wita, B. D., Clercqa, D. D., and Aertsb, P., “Biomechanical analysis of the
stance phase during barefoot and shod running, ” Journal of Biomechanics, vol.
33, No.3, pp. 269-278, 2000.
[6] Gruber, K., Ruder, H., Denoth, J., and Schneider, K., “A comparative study of
impact mass model versus rigid body models,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 31,
No.5 , pp. 439-444, 1998.
[7] Zadpoor, A. A., Nikooyan, A. A., and Arshi, A. R., “A model-based
parametric study of impact force during running,” Journal of
Biomechanics, Vol. 40, No.9 , pp. 2012-2021, 2007.
[8] Ly, Q. H., Alaoui, A., Erlicher, S., and Baly, L., “Towards a footwear design
tool: Influence of shoe midsole properties and ground stiffness on the impact
force during running,” Journal of Biomechanics,
Vol. 43, No.2 , pp. 310-317, 2010.
[9] Puddle, D. L., and Maulder, P. S., “Ground Reaction Forces and Loading Rates
Associated with Parkour and Traditional Drop Landing Techniques, ” Journal of
Sports Science and Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 122-129 , 2013.
[10] Riess, K. J., “Mechanical spring technology improves running economy in
endurance runners,” Journal of Human Sport& Exercise, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp.782-
789, 2014.
[11] Neumann, D. A., Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: foundations for
rehabilitation, 2^nd Edition, Mosby , St. Louis, 2010.
[12] Mariani, B., Rouhani, H., Crevoisier, X., and Aminian, K., “Quantitative
Estimation of Foot-flat and Stance Phase of Gait Using Foot-worn Inertial
Sensors,” Gait & Posture , Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 229-234, 2013.
[13] Whittle, M. W., Gait Analysis: An Introduction, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd,
United Kingdom, 2006.
[14] Lohman III, E. B., Balan , K. S., and Swen, R. W., “A Comparison of the
Spatiotemporal Parameters, Kinematics, and Biomechanics Between Shod, Unshod,
and Minimally Supported Running as Compared to Walking,” Physical Therapy in
Sport, Vol. 12, pp. 151-163, 2011.
[15] Jim Richards，生物力學臨床與研究的應用，初版，台灣愛思唯爾有限公司，2011。
[16] Kangoo Jump彈跳運動鞋，
http://www.finebornchina.cn/coolstuff/wanyi/2014/0321/66117.html
[17] Hibbeler, R. C., Mechanics of Materials, pp. 323-327,
9th Edition, Pearson Education, 2013.
[18] 立體元素 SOLID186，
https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Ansys/17.0/en-us/help/ans_elem/Hl
p_E_SOLID186.html
[19] 立體元素 SOLID185，
https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Ansys/16.2.3/en-
us/help/ans_elem/Hlp_E_SOLID185.html
[20] Tanja, J. L., Janos, K., and Aleksandar, S., “Biomechanical analysis of
walking : Effects of gait velocity and arm swing amplitude,” Periodicum
biologorum, Vol. 112, pp. 13-17, 2010.
[21] 徐國峰，跑者都該懂的跑步關鍵數據，初版，臉譜出版社，2016。
[22] Sk5彈簧鋼材料性質，
http://www.tokkin.com/materials/special_steel/special_steel
[23] 不同種類的碳纖維複合材料性質，
http://www.arestaiwan.com/blog/%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC-wilier-%E8%BB%8A%E6%9E%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%A2%B3%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9-60t-46t-30t/
[24] 碳纖維材料性質(台灣塑膠工業股份有限公司)，
http://www.fpc.com.tw/fpcwuploads/pdocument/pdocument_150128165214.pdf
[25] Nikooyan, A. A., and Zadpoor, A. A., “Mass-spring-damper modelling of the
human body to study running and hopping - an overview,” Journal of Engineering
in Medicine, Vol. 225, pp. 1121-1135, 2011.
[26] Ozguven, H. N., and Berme, N., “An experimental and analytical study of impact
forces during jumping,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 21, No.12 , pp. 1061-
1066, 1988.