為建置簡速型火害現場結構安全評估方法，本研究擬以隧道工程支撐系統之脆、延性材受熱驅破壞後，引致材料之巨觀力學傷損及微觀破壞特徵演化之範疇進行系列研探，並以正規化波速指標「剪-壓波速比(VS/VP)」作為評估材料熱損程度之指標。由表層至裏層受熱材料，即二次襯砌之混凝土、一次襯砌噴凝土乃至最終受熱之天然圍岩(脆性材)；及岩栓、鋼肋之延性鋼材，於熱驅前、後，分別施以單向壓、拉之完整應力路徑。即以最高溫度作為試驗主要變數(常溫~1200℃)，固定每分鐘5℃昇溫控制、於最高溫度狀態下持溫300分鐘(穩態條件)、於爐內自由冷卻至常溫作為受熱歷程，再各自針對脆、延性材施以單壓、拉破壞試驗，其中之單壓試驗過程須佐以環狀側向變位計測(含劈、剪裂縫開口位移)作為試驗控制之回饋訊號，方能包含峰後真實材料反應之完整加載歷程。試驗同時，並結合複合式聲-光非破壞檢測：超音波脈衝(主動)、連續性三維微裂震源量測之聲射法(被動)兩種音波探傷技術、面內位移量測之光學干涉技術；作同步化判識材料三項巨觀力學參數：勁度(E)、強度(qu)、韌度(Tou)之變化；與三項微觀破壞特徵之演化：叢聚、初裂、裂衍。透過超音波脈衝儀量測之「剪-壓波速比(VS/VP)」，連結多尺度之巨-微觀破壞力學特徵，作為後續於災害現場之判識應用。研究以不同設計強度之普通與自充填混凝土作為廣義隧道脆性材料之成果顯示，剪-壓波速比與熱損最高溫度呈正相關；且對應勁度、強度、韌度變化之線性相關係數分別達-0.90、-0.87、-0.77，合理印證該波速比可作為火害傷損辨識指標之適確性。巨觀方面，受熱驅破壞之峰後行為因受熱溫度增加而漸由失穩破壞(Class II路徑)轉成穩定破壞(Class I)，此臨界轉換溫度介於200~400℃。微觀方面，脆性材料隨最高熱驅溫度增加；其熱損程度越劇且引致叢聚現象漸不顯著。另一方面，延性鋼材受熱驅-冷卻之溫變歷程中，波速與剪-壓波速比則無顯著性。

To establish a working system in field to evaluate the degree of fire-damage readily for both brittle and ductile tunnel supporting materials, this research focused on the failure characteristics and evolution on both macro-scale (stiffness, strength and toughness) as well as micro-scale (localization, crack initiation and propagation). After applying various heat-driven-damage treatments, both brittle material such as concrete and ductile steel were conducted uniaxial compressive and tensile tests respectively. Furthermore, this study propose a velocity ratio, defined as VS/VP, to be an index to identify the degree of thermos-induced damage in field.
By applying maximum temperature varied from 25 to 1200℃ with constant rate of heating (5℃/min), exposure time (300 mins), and cooling condition (cooling in furnace), the uniaxial compressive and tensile tests with post-peak behavior were obtained by controlling the lateral COD (crack opening displacement) as a feedback signal to conduct the closed-loop experiences. Associated with ultrasonic pulse (UP) and synchronized acousto-optic nonintrusive technique (AE & ESPI), macro- and micro-scale failure of materials were examined corresponding to entire loading histories of uniaxial compressive tests.
The results show that VS/VP has a positive correlation with degree of thermos-induced damage on concrete, the correlation coefficient of VS/VP between stiffness, strength and toughness are -0.90, -0.87 and -0.77 respectively. It proves that the VS/VP can be used to identify the degree of thermos-induced damage such as fire disaster. In macro-scale, concrete suffer heat-driven damage cause the post-peak stability from snap back (Class II) convert to snap through (Class I), and the transition temperature is between 200 to 400℃. In micro-scale, as the maximum temperature increase, the more severe the degree of thermos-induced damage, in addition, it leads to more insignificant “localization” phenomenon gradually. On the other hand, ductile material such as steel during heat-up and cool-down treatment shows insignificant response of VP, VS.

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