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研究生： 翁希拉
Sheila - Mae C. Ang
論文名稱： 質子交換膜燃料電池靈敏度分析與操作參數最適化
Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of the Operating Parameters of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
指導教授： 周宜雄
Yi-Shyong Chou
口試委員: 錢義隆
I-Lung Chien
蘇淵源
Yuan-Yuan Su
王逢盛
Feng-Sheng Wang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 化學工程系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 230
中文關鍵詞： 質子交換膜燃料電池
外文關鍵詞： PEM fuel cell, optimization, nonlinear programming, sensitivity analysis
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    • A one-dimensional, nonisothermal model of PEM fuel cell which describes mass, heat and electrochemical phenomena and takes into account the multiphase presence of water in the flow channels, was investigated. Sensitivity analysis was conducted with respect to eleven parameters whose value assignment seemed essential for best simulation results. The MATLAB subroutine sens_sys was used to obtain the absolute and relative sensitivities, and the parameters with significant influence on the model were identified. Model-based optimization was performed with the objective of maximizing the power density subject to constraints. Eight design variables, which have strong influence on the power density, were selected as the design/decision variables. The nature of the optimization problem was explored using the powerful graphical capability of MATLAB. Strong nonlinearity observed in the graphical solution encouraged the use of nonlinear programming as the optimization scheme to determine the best solution for selected process constraints. Optimization results, which were presented as function of average current density, showed high value of average power density and satisfaction of the imposed side and physical constraints suggesting that optimality and feasibility of the design have been achieved.

    A one-dimensional, nonisothermal model of PEM fuel cell which describes mass, heat and electrochemical phenomena and takes into account the multiphase presence of water in the flow channels, was investigated. Sensitivity analysis was conducted with respect to eleven parameters whose value assignment seemed essential for best simulation results. The MATLAB subroutine sens_sys was used to obtain the absolute and relative sensitivities, and the parameters with significant influence on the model were identified. Model-based optimization was performed with the objective of maximizing the power density subject to constraints. Eight design variables, which have strong influence on the power density, were selected as the design/decision variables. The nature of the optimization problem was explored using the powerful graphical capability of MATLAB. Strong nonlinearity observed in the graphical solution encouraged the use of nonlinear programming as the optimization scheme to determine the best solution for selected process constraints. Optimization results, which were presented as function of average current density, showed high value of average power density and satisfaction of the imposed side and physical constraints suggesting that optimality and feasibility of the design have been achieved.

    Table of Contents ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….…i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………..ii TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………….iii LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………………………vii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………..................xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….1 1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF FUEL CELLS……………………………………………3 1.2 TYPES OF FUEL CELLS……………………………………………………….5 1.2.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane………………………………………....6 1.2.2 Phosphoric Acid…………………………………………………………7 1.2.3 Direct Methanol………………………………………………………….8 1.2.4 Alkaline………………………………………………………………….8 1.2.5 Molten Carbonate………………………………………………………..9 1.2.6 Solid Oxide……………………………………………………………..10 1.2.7 Regenerative (Reversible)……………………………………………...12 1.3 FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE………………………………………………...15 1.3.1 Basic Principles………………………………………………………...15 1.3.2 Electrochemistry of a Fuel Cell………………………………………...16 1.3.3 Ideal Performance of a Fuel Cell……………………………………….17 1.3.4 Actual Performance…………………………………………………….19 1.3.5 Cell Efficiency………………………………………………………….22 1.4 PEM FUEL CELL………………………………………………………………23 1.4.1 Physical Structure and Operating Principle of a PEMFC……………...24 1.5 WATER MANAGEMENT IN PEM FUEL CELL……………………………..26 1.6 THERMAL MANAGEMENT IN PEM FUEL CELL………………………….27 1.7 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE……………………………………………………...29 1.8 RESEARCH MOTIVATION…………………………………………………...31 1.9 THESIS OUTLINE……………………………………………………………..33 1.10 NOMENCLATURE…………………………………………………………...35 1.11 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………....36 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………37 2.1 STATE OF THE ART…………………………………………………………..37 2.2 SURVEY OF THE EXISTING PEM FUEL CELL LITERATURE…………...39 2.2.1 Flow Channels Modeling………………………………………………...39 2.2.2 Diffusion Layers Modeling………………………………………………40 2.2.3 Electrodes Modeling……………………………………………………...42 2.2.4 Membrane Modeling……………………………………………………..44 2.2.5 Electrochemical Modeling………………………………………………..46 2.2.6 Fuel Cell Body Modeling………………………………………………...50 2.2.7 Thermal Modeling………………………………………………………..51 2.2.8 Auxiliary Components Modeling………………………………………...53 2.2.9 Numerical Solution and Simulation……………………………………...55 2.2.10 Model Validation………………………………………………………..58 2.2.11 Parameter Estimation……………………………………………………59 2.2.12 Sensitivity Analysis……………………………………………………..61 2.2.13 Optimization…………………………………………………………….64 2.3 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………….78 CHAPTER 3 PEM FUEL CELL MODEL FORMULATION……………………...84 3.1 MODEL DESCRIPTION……………………………………………………….84 3.2 ASSUMPTIONS………………………………………………………………...86 3.3 FORMULATION OF THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS……………………..87 3.3.1 Mass Balance……………………………………………………………..87 3.3.2 Energy Balance…………………………………………………………...92 3.3.3 Cell Potential……………………………………………………………..93 3.4 NUMERICAL METHOD………………………………………………………97 3.5 NOMENCLATURE…………………………………………………………...105 3.6 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………...107 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETER SENSITIVITY……………………………………….109 4.1 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS…………………………………………………...109 4.2 SENSITIVITY INDEX………………………………………………………..110 4.3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS USING MATLAB………………………………113 4.3.1 Description of ode15s Solver…………………………………………...113 4.3.2 Description of sens_ind and sen_sys Functions………………………...113 4.3.3 Use of sens_ind and sens_sys…………………………………………...114 4.4 SOLUTION APPROACH……………………………………………………..115 4.5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS……………………………………………...116 4.5.1 Analysis Based on Absolute Sensitivity………………………………...116 4.5.2 Analysis Based on Relative Sensitivity…………………………………125 4.6 NOMENCLATURE………………………………………………………...…134 4.7 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………...135 CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION……………………………………….….137 5.1 OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM………………………………………………....137 5.1.1 Selection of Design Variables…………………………………………..137 5.1.2 Objective Function…………………………………………………..….138 5.1.3 Constraint Equations.........................................................................…...140 5.1.4 Side Constraints…………………………………………………………141 5.1.5 Scaling of the Design Variables……………………………………..….141 5.2 OPTIMIZATION METHOD…………………………………………………..142 5.2.1 Investigation of the Nature of Solution by Graphical Technique…….…142 5.2.2 Nonlinear Programming……………………………………….………..143 5.2.3 Analytical Conditions…………………………………………………...146 5.2.4 Kuhn-Tucker Conditions………………………………………………..147 5.3 SOLUTION APPROACH………………………………………………..……149 5.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS……………………………………………...153 5.4.1 Nature of Solution………………………………………………………153 5.4.2 Nonlinear Programming………………………………………………...186 5.5 NOMENCLATURE…………………………………………………………...203 5.6 REFERENCES…………………………….…………………………………..205 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS………………………….207 VITA

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