訊息技術的發展使得手機在日常生活中扮演重要角色，人們不僅僅使用手機用以聯絡通訊，其中相關應用程式更可提供給使用者更多便利：如處理公務、查詢地圖、接受新聞資訊等，隨之而來使得提示變得更加頻繁，不合時宜的提示方式不僅無法提供給使用者愉快的互動體驗，更可能造成干擾與壓力，影響情緒。另一方面，使用者在感知提示並作出反應的行為過程在心理學中稱為情境意識(Situation awareness)。本研究探討了不同手機提示對使用者情境意識之影響，目的是通過對手機提示的設計增加使用者之互動體驗，減少心理負荷，提高資訊回應率。研究包括三個實驗，以立意抽樣、便利抽樣之方式邀請60～72位受測者，每項實驗設計3～5個操作任務，不同的提示互動發生在任務操作中。實驗數據的採集包括任務操作時間、系統可用性尺度量表(SUS)、使用者主觀偏好量表等。半結構式訪談內容包括對提示介面記憶、資訊內容回憶與情緒感受等。實驗之三個議題如下：
議題一由探討視覺、聽覺和触覺提示線索不同搭配對使用者感知、資訊處理之影響。實驗採用2(視覺動態)*3(提示維度)雙因子混合設計，提示分動態與靜態提示兩種，三級不同提示維度，分別為視覺(V)、視覺 + 聲音(VS)和視覺 + 振動。議題二探討了分別在低和高環境音中使用不同提示模式對使用者的影響。實驗採用2(環境音)x 3(提示模式)雙因子組間設計。提示模式分晃動視覺(SV)、晃動視覺+振動(SVV)與振動(V)三個層級。高環境音定義為80至90分貝間，低環境音為小於30分貝。議題三探討氣味提示線索對於手機提示互動影響。實驗採用2(視覺佈局)*3(嗅覺提示)雙因子組間組設計。實驗設計開發一個購物App模型，商品視覺之排列分為矩陣與列表兩個層級.採用外部裝置發出特定香味模擬不同嗅覺線索。嗅覺線索分為三個層級：有氣味提示且與推薦商品匹配(MOC)和有但與推薦商品不匹配(MMOC)，及無氣味三種(NOC)。
綜合三項議題研究結果發現：(1)提示線索之增加可以提升提示之可感知性，比起單一維度，受測者會更快對兩個維度之線索作出反應。單一維度中，動態視覺比靜態更具可感知性。環境音也會影響提示線索感知性，低環境音中提示更易被使用者感知。(2)振動+視覺是手機提示中互動性最好的提示方式，此外嗅覺提示也可以增加提示互動體驗。(3)情境意識受不同提示模式的影響。情境意識第一級感知中，與提示之維度不同有關，多維度的提示線索可以增強對使用者的感知性。情境意識第二級別理解中，提示的視覺呈現會影響使用者對資訊的理解。尤其在單一視覺提示維度中，動態視覺呈現類型比靜態更易於認知和記憶。當提示維度增加，視覺與聽覺或觸覺線索結合時，靜態視覺類型會更好。情境意識級別三之預測，與受測者對提示之回應率以及操作時間有關。提示維度的不同會影響使用者對提示做出回應決策的速度，聽覺提示線索使受測者更快地做出反應，玫瑰氣味嗅覺線索能引導使用者作出回應。

The development of information technology has made mobile phones play an important role in our daily life. People not only use mobile phones for communication, but related phone applications can provide users with more convenience, such as handling official duties, querying maps, receiving news, etc. As a result, mobile notifications have been used more frequently. Inappropriate notification methods may lead to poor interaction experience, and may also cause interference, stress, and affect users' emotions. In addition, the behavior in which users perceive notifications and respond to them is called situation awareness in psychology. This study explored the impact of different mobile phone notifications on users’ situational awareness. The purpose is to increase the user's interactive experience by designing mobile phone notification modalities in an appropriate environment, reducing the users' psychological load, and increasing the information response rate. The experiments of this research study invited 60 to 72 participants by purposive sampling or convenience sampling methods. Each experiment is designed with 3 to 5 operational tasks, and different notification designs occur during task operations. The collection of experimental data includes task completion time, system usability scale (SUS), user subjective preference scale, etc. Semi-structured interview content includes notification interface memory, information content recall and emotional feelings, etc. The research is divided into three experiments.
The first experiment is to explore the impact of different combinations of visual, auditory, and tactile cues on users’ perception and information processing. The experiment adopts a two-factor mixed design of 2 (visual presentation) *3 (notification dimension). The visual presentation is divided into dynamic and static. There are three different notification dimensions, i.e., vision (V), vision + sound (VS), and vision + vibration. The second experiment discussed the effects of different notification modalities in low and high ambient sounds on users. The experiment adopts a 2 (ambient sound) x 3 (notification modality) two-factor between-group design. The notification modality is divided into three levels: shaking vision (SV), shaking vision + vibration (SVV), and vibration (V). High ambient sound is defined as between 80 and 90 decibels. The low ambient sound is less than 30 decibels. The third experiment adopted olfactory cues as mobile phone notifications to explore how they affect users’ situation awareness and interactive experience. The experiment used a 2 (visual layout) * 3 (olfactory cue) two-factor between-group design. The experimental design is a shopping app prototype. The olfactory cues are divided into three levels: odors that match the recommended products (MOC), odors that do not match the recommended products (MMOC), and the odorless (NOC). The external devices are used to emit specific fragrances to simulate different olfactory cues.
Based on the research results of the three issues, it is found that: (1) The increase of cues can improve the perceptibility of notifications. Compared with a single dimension, participants respond faster to cues in two dimensions. Ambient sounds also affect the perception faster on notification cues, and the notifications in low ambient sounds are more easily perceivable by users. (2) Vibration + Vision is the best interactive method among mobile notifications. In addition, olfactory cues can also increase the interactive experience. (3) Situational awareness is affected by different notification designs. The first level of the perception of situational awareness is related to the different dimensions of notifications. Multi-dimensional notification can enhance the user's perception. In the second level of situation awareness regarding understanding, the visual presentation of the notification can affect the user's understanding of the information. Especially in a single visual cue dimension, dynamic visual presentation types are easier to recognize and remember than static ones. When the cue dimension increases and the visual and auditory or tactile cues are combined, the static vision type will be better than dynamic. The third level of situation awareness is related to the participants' response rate to the notification and the operation time. The auditory cues enable the participant to react more quickly, and the olfactory cues of the rose smell can guide the user to respond.

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