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研究生: 張佩詩
Elise Natalia
論文名稱: The Impact of Cognitive Flexibility on Turnover Intention: Cultural Differences as a Moderator
The Impact of Cognitive Flexibility on Turnover Intention: Cultural Differences as a Moderator
指導教授: 謝亦泰
Yi-tai Seih
口試委員: 張譯尹
Yi-Ying Chang
呂志豪
Shih-Hao Lu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 企業管理系
Department of Business Administration
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 72
中文關鍵詞: Cognitive FlexibilityTurnover IntentionCultural differencesIndonesiaTaiwan
外文關鍵詞: Cognitive Flexibility, Turnover Intention, Cultural differences, Indonesia, Taiwan
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  • Cognitive Flexibility is an ability to adapt to the change of environment. Individuals who are more cognitively flexible show better learning ability, more creativity on solving problems, and better social adaptability. This leads to the importance of cognitive flexibility in the workplace. Because cognitive flexibility could help people adjust themselves to the workplace, it is expected that cognitive flexibility may play a critical role in a culture with more diversity. The aim of this research is to study how cultural differences influence the impact of cognitive flexibility on the turnover intention for general employees. Thus, the cultural variable, serving as a moderator, includes two countries: Indonesia and Taiwan.
    Based on ethnicity, Indonesia is defined as a country with more diverse cultures, compared with Taiwan. An online survey is distributed in English to Indonesia and Chinese to Taiwan for data collection. Results of this research showed that employees who have more cognitive flexibility and are from a culture with more diversity (Indonesia) reported higher levels of turnover intention. By contrast, employees who have more cognitive flexibility and are from a culture with less diversity (Taiwan) reported lower levels of turnover intention. The implications of cultural differences in the turnover intention are discussed.


    Cognitive Flexibility is an ability to adapt to the change of environment. Individuals who are more cognitively flexible show better learning ability, more creativity on solving problems, and better social adaptability. This leads to the importance of cognitive flexibility in the workplace. Because cognitive flexibility could help people adjust themselves to the workplace, it is expected that cognitive flexibility may play a critical role in a culture with more diversity. The aim of this research is to study how cultural differences influence the impact of cognitive flexibility on the turnover intention for general employees. Thus, the cultural variable, serving as a moderator, includes two countries: Indonesia and Taiwan.
    Based on ethnicity, Indonesia is defined as a country with more diverse cultures, compared with Taiwan. An online survey is distributed in English to Indonesia and Chinese to Taiwan for data collection. Results of this research showed that employees who have more cognitive flexibility and are from a culture with more diversity (Indonesia) reported higher levels of turnover intention. By contrast, employees who have more cognitive flexibility and are from a culture with less diversity (Taiwan) reported lower levels of turnover intention. The implications of cultural differences in the turnover intention are discussed.

    TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................... III LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ VII LIST OF APPENDICES ....................................................................................................... VIII 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Problem ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Research Purpose ......................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER II .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Equity Theory .............................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Cultures Values ............................................................................................................ 8 2.2.1 Definition of Cultures ........................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Research about Cultures ...................................................................................... 9 2.3 Cognitive Flexibility ................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Definition of Cognitive Flexibility ..................................................................... 11 2.3.2 Research about Cognitive Flexibility ................................................................ 12 2.4 Turnover Intention .................................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Definition of Turnover Intention ...................................................................... 13 2.4.2 Research about Turnover Intention ................................................................. 13 2.5 Relationship between the Research .......................................................................... 15 2.5.1 The relationship between Cognitive Flexibility with different countries. ..... 15 2.5.2 The relationship between cognitive flexibility and turnover intention .......... 16 2.5.3 The relationship between equity theory and turnover intention ................... 17 CHAPTER III ........................................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Research Framework and Hypotheses .................................................................... 18 3.1.1 Research Framework ......................................................................................... 18 3.2 Research Approach and Design................................................................................ 19 3.3 Questionnaire Design ................................................................................................. 19 3.4 Research Population and Sampling ......................................................................... 20 3.5 Research Variables .................................................................................................... 21 3.6 Measures ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.7 Measurement Framework ......................................................................................... 23 3.8 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. 24 CHAPTER IV ........................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Survey Data Collection from both countries (Indonesia and Taiwan) ................. 26 4.2 Research Variables Result ........................................................................................ 33 4.2.1 Independent Variable- Cognitive Flexibility .................................................... 34 4.2.2 Dependent Variable- Turnover Intention (Voluntary Leaves) ...................... 37 4.3 Correlation Analysis (Pearson)................................................................................. 38 4.4 Regression Analysis (Hypotheses Testing Result)................................................... 41 4.4.1 Hypotheses testing between Cognitive Flexibility and Turnover Intention .. 41 4.4.2 The impact between Age and Turnover Intention .......................................... 45 4.4.3 The impact between Age and Cognitive Flexibility ......................................... 46 4.4.4 The impact between Gender and Turnover Intention .................................... 46 4.4.5 The impact between Gender and Cognitive Flexibility ................................... 46 CHAPTER V ............................................................................................................................. 47 5.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 47 5.2 Research Limitations and Research Recommendation .......................................... 49 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 51 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 56

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