創新已成為企業發展技術革新的關鍵，隨著資訊科技演進，消費者也有機會參與共同創新，企業借助外部知識來加速新產品問世的趨勢日益增多。學者將這種組織有目的地管理知識跨組織疆界流動的創新模式定義為開放式創新(Open Innovation)，並在近十幾年來累積了許多學術文獻。為了解開放式創新研究的知識演進，本研究將以知識網絡為觀點切入，討論開放式創新的關鍵發展議題，並藉由學術合作關係，進一步探討學群之間的知識互動情形。

本研究自Web of Science資料庫蒐集共1,264筆開放式創新學術文獻，資料年份涵蓋自九十年代至年至今。本研究首先以主路徑分析方法，藉文獻資料的引證關係，描繪出開放式創新知識軌跡，釐清各時期主要研究議題；再者，藉由學者合作關係，以Edge-betweenness分群方法，將開放式創新研究劃分為若干學群，藉以分析學群之間的交流、發展和學術影響力。

研究結果顯示，開放式創新研究議題的發展歷程，呈現從微觀到宏觀的變化。研究從最初關注使用者創新參與、企業的創新策略，以至到近年來討論網絡關係與創新生態系統的運作。而學術合作學群的分析，發現共同研究與知識流動主要集中於少數學群，如學者Chesbrough與von Hippel的學群，並且與其他學群互動的多是該群的代表學者，說明了特定學群與學者在整體開放式創新研究領域的影響力。

Innovation nowadays is the key factor in the technology development for enterprises. Because of the development of information technology, consumers have the opportunity to participate in co-innovation. Enterprises also can accelerate the processes of new products by using external knowledge. Chesbrough defined this innovative model as Open Innovation and many academic studies have been published in the past decades. In order to understand the knowledge evolution of open innovation research, this study takes knowledge network perspective to discuss the key development issues in open innovation research, and explore the knowledge interaction between collaboration groups in this field.

The current paper investigates 1,264 literature focusing on open innovation. The purpose of the paper has two goals. First, based on the citation relationship of literature, the study explores the knowledge path of open innovation by using the main path analysis. Second, the edge-betweenness clustering is applied to identify collaboration groups in open innovation fields. The co-authorship and knowledge exchanges among the collaboration groups helps to explore the interaction, development, and academic influence of the research groups.

The result shows that open innovation research topics presents changes from a micro level to a macro perspective. The open innovation research initially focused on user co-creation, explained corporate innovation strategies in early 2010s, and extended to network relationship and innovation ecosystem in the recent years. The analysis of the academic collaboration groups found that co-authorship and knowledge flow mainly concentrated on few certain groups, such as Chesbrough’s and von Hippel’s groups. The analysis demonstrated the influential role of specific collaboration groups in the field of open innovation research.

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