在當今世界急劇加重的全球變暖及氣候變遷威脅中，把問題根源產物二氧化碳（CO2）轉換成更有價值的化學物是減少其排放量的一個重要方法。在眾多把CO2還原成有用物質的方法中，電化學還原法是最有前景和可持續的。而目前在電化學還原CO2裡最具挑戰的是要克服反應中遲緩的動力學機制及活化能，這就需要有一個高活性且高選擇性電化學觸媒。目前，以Cu為基礎的觸媒是CO2轉換成碳氫化合物及醇類中最有競爭力的，已經有許多成果發表出來了。然而，這類觸媒依然面臨著低選擇性，低活性，低穩定性，高過電位等缺點。這篇文章的主要任務是用簡單的，可塑性強的合成方法來克服這些瓶頸。
首先，我們研究了銅網電極在高濃度碳酸氫鹽電解質中於CO2還原的影響。 隨著濃度的增加，高濃度電解質顯示出了顯著增加的總還原活性。 我們使用氣相色譜分析特定產物，表明氫氣產生是高度主導的，並且沒有觀察到在特定電位下在高濃度KHCO3（2 M，3 M和4 M）電解質中，銅網可催化CO2成氣體。 這可歸因於二氧化碳不溶於濃縮水溶液。
其次，我們用電化學沉積法合成了Cu-Pb為基礎的氧化物CuPbyOx-5/CP，在CO2還原的性能上比相同方法合成的純氧化物要好。LSV結果顯示該觸媒提升了電流密度，且有較好的選擇性。在觸媒中摻入鉛氧化物的也可以提高CO2轉化率的選擇性。
另外，我們也第一次將由鈣鈦礦得到的鉛化合物修飾到Cu奈米線中(CuNWs@pervo)，該觸媒只需在200 oC 熱處理1 hr，即可通過抑制析氫反應來提高CO2轉化率。由碘化鉛製備的鉛化合物修飾的銅奈米線在電位-1.0 V vs. RHE 時的電流密度為-15.5 mAcm-2 ，有43%的FE和59%的H2和HCOO¬-。
最後，我們用簡易的SILAR(successive ion layer adsorption reaction) 法開發了一种環境友好，以地球富有的硫化銅修飾的銅多層結構觸媒。該觸媒在較小的過電位下就在甲酸轉化反應中表現了高選擇性。值得一提是，在電位-0.7 V時，該觸媒可得到最大法拉第效率84%的和-20 mA cm-2的電流密度。

Conversion of earth-abundant CO2 into value-added chemicals is an important means to reduce its accumulation in the atmosphere and compact global warming and climate change related to environmental threats. Among different approaches to convert CO2 into useful reduction products, electrochemical CO2 reduction is the most promising and sustainable method to mitigate CO2 emission. One of the most critical challenges in electrochemical CO2 reduction is to overcome the activation energy and increase the sluggish kinetics of electrochemical conversion, which will demand the developments of active and selective electrocatalysts. So far copper based electrocatalysts are most appropriate candidates for CO2 conversion to hydrocarbons and alcohols. Tremendous research efforts exerted and remarkable progress has been made so far. However, poor selectivity, activity, durability and high overpotential requirement still limits their practical applications. The objectives of this dissertation work are to overcome those bottleneck challenges by developing new electrocatalyst using simple and scalable methods.

In our first work, we have investigated the effect of highly concentrated bicarbonate electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of CO2 reduction on copper mesh electrode. High concentrated electrolytes have shown significantly increased total reduction activities as concentration increased. The specific product analysis using gas chromatography indicates hydrogen generation is the highly dominant and electrochemical conversion of CO2 into gaseous products on copper mesh in high concentrated KHCO3 (2 M, 3 M, and 4 M) at the specified potential was not observed. This could be attributed to the insolubility of carbon dioxide in concentrated aqueous solution.

In our second work, we have synthesized Cu-Pb based oxides (CuPbyOx-5/CP) using electrochemical deposition method. The synthesized electrocatalyst has demonstrated better electrochemical CO2 reduction activity compared with pristine oxides prepared with a similar method. The LSV result demonstrates significantly improved total current density and selectivity of the optimized composites catalyst for CO2 conversion. The incorporation of lead oxides could be favoring selective CO2 conversion over hydrogen evolution reaction.

In our third work, for the first time, perovskite derived lead composite decorated copper nanowires (CuNWs@pervo) has been synthesizing as new electrocatalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The electrocatalyst prepared at 200 °C for 1 hr (CuNWs@pervo) offered remarkably enhanced CO2 reduction activities by suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction. FE of 43% and 59% of H2 and HCOO¬- with a total current density of -15.5 mAcm-2 at -1.0 V vs.RHE were obtained at lead composite modified copper nanowire prepared from ammonium lead iodide.

In the final work, we fabricated environment-friendly and earth-abundant, copper sulfide decorated copper heterostructure(Cu2O/CuO/CuS-20) electrocatalyst using facile and simple SILAR method. The main idea here is to maintain copper oxide by decorating with copper sulfide. The modified electrocatalyst exhibited high selectivity for formate formation at low overpotential. Remarkably, maximum faradaic efficiency of 84% and enhanced partial current density of -20 mA cm-2 were obtained at applied potential of -0.7 V

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