近年來全球糖尿病患者人數不斷上升，且糖尿病往往會造成重大傷害，因此，對於糖尿病患者之長期血糖監控是非常重要的，HbA1c為葡萄糖接上血紅素β鏈N-端Valine之胺基之產物，能夠反映患者過去二至三個月的平均血糖值。本論文利用糖化胜肽氧化酶(Fructosyl peptide oxidase, FPO)氧化HbA1c之模擬基質Fructosyl valine (FV)產生H2O2，並以辣根過氧化酶(Horseradish peroxidase, HRP)催化呈色劑，利用顏色深淺分析模擬基質FV之濃度。由大腸桿菌生產之可溶性蛋白質含量低且不穩定，將纖維素結合功能域 (CBD)與His-tag融合於FPO上可以改善可溶性不佳的缺點，並使氧化酵素更具應用潛力。然而CBD-FPO-6xHis酵素本身穩定性不佳且反應後回收不易，因此本研究以兩種載體進行融合蛋白CBD-FPO-6xHis酵素固定化，以提高酵素之催化穩定性及重複使用性。
第一種方式為利用包埋法固定化FPO及HRP於鋅離子-腺嘌呤金屬配位凝膠，利用凝膠中鋅離子殘基與FPO酵素之6xHis-tag鍵結，提高CBD-FPO-6xHis包埋效率，同時FPO、HRP雙酵素凝膠之比活性相較於FPO單一酵素凝膠提高了12倍。在固定化於此凝膠後在pH=5-9之間皆能維持80%以上活性，且雙酵素凝膠於4℃下保存一周仍有80%相對活性。由酵素動力學得到自由態CBD-FPO-6xHis及雙酵素凝膠之Vmax/Km分別為0.368及0.029 min-1。
奈米結晶纖維素(Cellulose nanocrystal, CNC)常被作為酵素載體使用，但因CNC在溶液中的高分散性而限制其應用。本研究在FPO之第二種固定化方式是透過靜電作用力以PEI改質之磁性海藻酸鈣凝膠吸附CNC，接著利用融合酵素之纖維素結合功能域(Cellulose binding domain, CBD)與纖維之間的親和力使CBD-FPO-6xHis吸附於具CNC之PEI改質磁性海藻酸鈣凝膠上，結果顯示CBD-FPO-6xHis吸附於具CNC凝膠相較於無CNC之凝膠能提高4.3倍的吸附量，同時比活性也提高12倍。重複使用性方面在使用三次後活性降低至40%，酵素再生後能夠回到原有活性之80%。

In recent years, the amount of global diabetic patients increases. Diabetes can cause significant harm to human body, therefore it is very important to monitor blood sugar in diabetic patient. HbA1c is a product of glucose attached to the amino group of the N-terminal of hemoglobin β chain, which reflects long-term glycemic status of diabetic patients. In this study, fructosyl valine (FV), a simulated fragment of HbA1c will be oxidized by fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPO), that produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and furthermore, color change will be developed when dye was catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The intensity of color can reflect FV concentration that related to HbA1c concentration. Most of this mutant FPO expressed in Escherichia coli existed as inclusion bodies. To improve the solubility and application potential of FPO, Cellulose binding domain (CBD) and His-tag was fused to generate a soluble CBD-FPOX-6xHis fusion protein. However, due to CBD-FPO-6xHis low enzyme stability and reuse efficiency, in this study, we developed two FPO immobilization methods to improve its stability and reusability.
First method is to entrap CBD-FPO-6xHis in Zn-AMP metal-coordination superamolecular gel. Residual Zn ion on the Zn-AMP gel binds with 6xHis-tag protein could improve CBD-FPO-6xHis immobilization efficiency. The FPO and HRP immobilized at same time in Zn-AMP gel enhanced its FPO activity approximately 12 fold. The FPO activity could be stably maintained at pH5-9. The Vmax/Km of the free CBD-FPO-6xHis and the multiple enzyme composite gel were 0.368 and 0.029 min-1, respectively.
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is very useful carrier for enzymes immobilized. However, the CNCs are difficult to recycle from the reaction system due to its nano size. In this work, we described the CNC magnetic colloid as an enzyme carrier using polyethylenimine (PEI) modified magnetic colloid to adsorb CNC through electronic interaction. By taking advantage of CBD's strong affinity toward crystalline cellulose, CBD-FPO-6xHis can be immobilized on the CNC magnetic colloid, compared with non-CNC colloid, the adsorption amount was increased by 4.3 fold, and the specific activity also increased. The activity is reduced to 40% after 3 repeated uses, and the enzyme activity can be recharged to 80% of the original activity after regeneration.

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