傳統配電系統於規劃、設計及運轉時，均未考慮風力發電機組併網運轉的可能性，因此一旦風機併網運轉後，將直接衝擊原有配電系統的運轉特性與設備安全，故本論文主要係探討風機加入配電系統後，對保護協調及電壓驟降特性的影響。
本論文以Matlab/Simulink軟體建立分析所需之範例配電系統，並基於不同的風機型式、併網位置及併網容量之運轉條件下，分析短路電流及電壓驟降變化情形，最後以此為基礎探討風機併網運轉，對於配電系統保護協調及電壓驟降特性之影響，並提出因應之措施，各項研究成果均以簡明的圖表呈現，可供做為配電系統於規劃與運轉時之參考。

Traditionally, wind generation was not involved as a part of the distribution systems during planning, design, and operating considerations. Hence, whenever wind generation embedded to distribution system it will broadly impact the existing system’s characteristics and safety. This thesis will mainly study the possible impact on the protection coordination and voltage sag issues due to wind generation embedded to distribution systems.
First of all, Matlab/Simulink is introduced to build an example distribution system. Then, many study cases are extensively survey such as the short circuit faults and caused voltage sag under different types, interconnection points, and capacity of wind generation. Based on the simulation results, several countermeasures are proposed to improve the voltage sag and protection coordination caused by wind generation embedded to distribution systems. All the results are presented by figures and could be useful for system planning and operating.

[1] Girgis, A. and Brahma, S., “Effect of Distributed Generation on Protective Device Coordination in Distribution System,” Power Engineering, 2001. LESCOPE '01. 2001 Large Engineering Systems Conference on 11-13 July 2001, Page(s) : 115-119.
[2] Girgis, A. and Brahma, S., “Microprocessor-based Reclosing to Coordinate Fuse and Recloser in a System with High Penetration of Distributed Generation,” Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2002. IEEE Volume 1, 27-31 Jan 2002, Page(s) : 453-458.
[3] Behrendt, K., Protection for Unexpected Delta Sources, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
[4] Dalke, G., Effects of Distributed Generation on Utility Protection Schemes, Basler Electric Company.
[5] Doyle, M. T., “Reviewing the Impacts of Distributed Generation on Distribution System Protection,” Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002 IEEE, Volume 1, Page(s) : 103-105.
[6] So, C. W. and Li, K. K. “Protection Relay Coordination on Ring-fed Distribution Network with Distributed Generations,” TENCON '02. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering Volume 3, 28-31 Oct 2002, Page(s) : 1885-1888.
[7] GWEC, Global Wind 2005 Report, 2005.
[8] 顏文治，「全球風力發電應用發展現況」，中國工程師學會會刊pp.7-16，Vol. 78，No. 5，民國94年10月。
[9] 余勝雄、張燕全，「我國風力發電應用現況及展望」，中國工程師學會會刊pp.17-26，Vol. 78，No. 5，民國94年10月。
[10] 簡明春，「風力發電機」，電機技師雙月刊第116期，pp.55-63，民國95年。
[11] 孟明、王喜平、许镇琳，「风力发电机及其相关技术」，微特电机月刊pp.37-42，Vol. 32，No. 9，2004年9月。
[12] 曾志福，再生能源併聯要點對風力發電之影響探討，台北科技大學碩士論文，民國94年。
[13] 王琴生、陳崇賢，「風機製造技術及產業發展」，台電工程月刊第651期，pp.96-102，民國91年11月。
[14] 倪受元，「风力发电机组的并网运行」，太阳能双月刊，2001年第1期，pp.17-20。
[15] 許時棋，風力發電機倂接於配電系統孤島現象之研究，台灣科技大學碩士論文，民國94年。
[16] 倪受元，「风力发电用的发电机及风力发电系统」，太阳能双月刊，2000年第4期，pp.12-17。
[17] Thiringer, T., Peterson, A., and Petru, T., “Grid Disturbance Response of Wind Turbines Equipped with Induction Generator and Doubly-Fed Induction Generator,” Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2003 IEEE, Volume 3, 13-17 July 2003, Page(s) : 1542-1543.
[18] Achilles, S. and Poller, M., “Direct Drive Sychronous Machines Models for Stability Assessment of Wind Farms,” DIgSILENT, 2003.
[19] Dugan, R. C. and Mcdermott, T. E., “Operating Conflicts for Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems,” Rural Electric Power Conference, 29 April - 1 May 2001, Page(s) : A3/1-A3/6.
[20] Barker, P., “Overvoltage Considerations in Applying Distributed Resources on Power Systems,” Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002 IEEE, Volume : 1, 21 - 25 July 2002, Page(s) : 109-114.
[21] Kojovic, L. A. and Willoughby, R. D., “Integration of Distributed Generation in a Typical USA Distribution System,” Electricity Distribution, 2001. Part 1 : Contributions. CIRED. 16th International Conference and Exhibition on (IEE Conf. Publ No. 482) Volume 4, 18-21 June 2001.
[22] Hadjsaid, N., Canard, J. F. and Pumas, F., “Dispersed Generation Impact on Distribution Networks”, IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Volume 12, Issue 2, April 1999, Page(s) : 22-28.
[23] 羅天賜，「風力發電與電力品質評估」，中國工程師學會會刊pp.47-56，Vol. 78，No.5，民國94年10月。
[24] 陳斌魁，「分散型電力對電力系統衝擊之議題」，電機技師雙月刊第103期，pp.46-60，民國93年。
[25] 黃怡仁，含分散式電源之配電系統短路分析，南台科技大學碩士論文，民國92年。
[26] 楊文治，各種接地方式配電系統之運轉特性研究，國立台灣科技大學博士論文，民國89年。
[27] 陳在相、楊文治、掌易、楊念哲、江龍生、張家豪，台電公司配電饋線電壓品質控制技術之調查研究，台灣電力公司研究計劃期末報告，民國94年。
[28] 配電技術手冊(二)，架空配電線路設計手冊，台灣電力公司，民國85年。
[29] Cartwright, P., Holdsworth, L., Ekanayake, J. B. and Jenkins, N., “Coordinated Voltage Control Strategy for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Farm,” IEE Proc-Gener. Trans. Distrib, pp.495-502, Vol. 151, No. 4, July 2004.
[30] Holdsworth, L., Wu, X. G., Ekanayake, J. B., and Jenkins, N., “Comparision of Fixed Speed and Doubly-Fed Induction Wind Turbines during Power System Disturbances,” IEE Proc-Gener. Transmission Distribution, pp.343-352, Vol. 150, No. 3, May 2003.
[31] Ferreia, A. C., Stephan R. M. and Araujo, M. R. M., “Compensating Characterstics of a Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine,” 2003 IEEE, pp.375-378.
[32] Basic, D., Jian Guo Zhu and Boardman, G., “Transient Performance Study of a Brushless Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Generator,” IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp.400-401, September 2003.
[33] Matlab-Simpower Matlab 7.01, “Wind Turbine Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (Phasor Type),” pp.1-38, 2004.
[34] Pena, R., Clare, J. C. and Asher, G. M., “Doubly Fed Induction Generator using Back-to-Back PWM Converters and its application to Variable-speed Wind-energy Generation,” IEE Proc-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 143, No. 3, May 1996.
[35] Akhmatov V., “Variable-Speed Wind Turbines with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators, Part I : Modelling in Dynamic Simulation Tools,” Wind Engineering Vol. 26, No. 2, 2002.
[36] Miller, N. W., Sanchez-Gasca, J. J., Price, W. W. and Delmerico, R. W., “Dynamic Modeling of GE 1.5 and 3.6 MW Wind Turbine-Generators for Stability Simulations,” GE Power Systems Energy Consulting, IEEE WTG Modeling Panel, Session July 2003.
[37] 黃瓊誼、李清雲，「電壓驟降分析與改善」，台電工程月刊第657期，pp.21-30，民國92年5月。
[38] EC&C網站，http://ecmweb.com/。
[39] SEMI F47-0200, Specification for Semiconductor Processing Equipment Voltage Sag Immunity, SEMI, February 2000.