近年來，節能和永續發展的議題備受矚目，已成為現今重要的課題。由於建築遮陽設備具有抵擋熱輻射及減少室內空調負荷之特性，本研究以美國專利商標局（USPTO）資料庫為範疇進行專利檢索，篩選與研究主題相關之專利進行分析，調查建築遮陽設備的技術發展趨勢。研究主要目的探討遮陽設備發展現況，並分析專利活動，主要的專利權人，專利權人國家，核心技術領域，專利引用關係，專利權人的潛在競爭對手，及主要技術發展路徑，藉此掌握專利技術發展脈絡、擴散分布情形與產業整體概況發展。研究結果指出社會網路指標排名高的專利減少使用傳統拉繩，並增加使用柔性材料；主要路徑分析結果顯示自動遮陽設備是未來技術發展趨勢。整體來說，主要路徑分析確定了整體的技術發展概觀，藉此幫助專家決定技術發展策略。從技術創新和節能減碳的角度來看，研究結果指出自動感應遮陽設備是未來技術發展的趨勢。

In recent years, the issues of energy use reduction and sustainable development have garnered considerable interest. This study has conducted a patent search using United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO) data to investigate technological trends in sustainable development, using shading devices for buildings as an example, because they have the potential to save energy by effectively preventing heat from coming indoors, and lowering the indoor heat load. The purpose of this study was to explore the status of shading devices and analyze patent activity, major assignees, assignee countries, core technology fields, patent citations, potential competitors of patent assignees, and developmental path based on patent analysis using a database that spanned the years from 1974 to 2011. The analysis results of this study provide evidence for, and a clear picture of, the pattern of shading device technology over the past 38 years. The patents that were ranked high by SNA indicators reduced the use of conventional pull cords and increased the use of flexible materials. The result of main path analysis found that automatic shading device was considered to be at the forefront of technological trend. Specifically, the main path analysis identified overall and specific technological trend, which can help experts to develop strategies and make decisions related to technological development. From the viewpoint of technological innovation and energy saving, this study suggests that automatic sensing shading devices have become the focus of technological development.

1. Albert, M. B.; Avery, D.; Narin, F.; Mcallister, P. 1991. Direct validation of citation counts as indicators of industrially important patents. Research Policy 20: 251-259.
2. Archibugi, D.; Planta, M. 1996. Measuring technological change through patents and innovation surveys. Technovation 16: 451-468.
3. Basberg, B. L. 1987. Patents and the measurement of technological change: A survey of the literature. Research Policy 16: 131-141.
4. Batagelj, V. 2003. Efficient Algorithms for Citation Network Analysis. Computing Research Repository cs.DL/0309.
5. Batagelj, V.; Mrvar, A. 1998. Pajek - Program for Large Network Analysis. Connections 21: 47-57.
6. Boyd, D. M.; Ellison, N. B. 2007. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13: 210-230.
7. Carpenter, M. P.; Narin, F.; Woolf, P. 1981. Citation rates to technologically important patents. World Patent Information 3: 160-163.
8. Chang, S.-B.; Lai, K.-K.; Chang, S.-M. 2009. Exploring technology diffusion and classification of business methods: Using the patent citation network. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 76: 107-117.
9. Chen, Y.-S.; Chen, B.-Y. 2011. Utilizing patent analysis to explore the cooperative competition relationship of the two LED companies: Nichia and Osram. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78: 294-302.
10. Cheng, A.-C. 2012. Exploring the relationship between technology diffusion and new material diffusion: the example of advanced ceramic powders. Technovation 32: 163-167.
11. Cho, S.-H.; Shin, K.-S.; Zaheer-Uddin, M. 1995. The effect of slat angle of windows with venetian blinds on heating and cooling loads of buildings in South Korea. Energy 20: 1225-1236.
12. Co, C. 2002. Evolution of the Geography of Innovation: Evidence from Patent Data. Growth and Change 33: 393-423.
13. Daim, T. U.; Intarode, N. 2009. A framework for technology assessment: Case of a Thai building material manufacturer. Energy for Sustainable Development 13: 280-286.
14. Datta, G. 2001. Effect of fixed horizontal louver shading devices on thermal perfomance of building by TRNSYS simulation. Renewable Energy 23: 497-507.
15. Ellison, N. B.; Steinfield, C.; Lampe, C. 2007. The Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12: 1143-1168.
16. Ernst, H. 1995. Patenting strategies in the German mechanical engineering industry and their relationship to company performance. Technovation 15: 225-240.
17. Ernst, H. 1997. The Use of Patent Data for Technological Forecasting: The Diffusion of CNC-Technology in the Machine Tool Industry. Small Business Economics 9: 361-381.
18. Ernst, H. 2003. Patent information for strategic technology management. World Patent Information 25: 233-242.
19. Florides, G. A.; Kalogirou, S. A.; Tassou, S. A.; Wrobel, L. C. 2000. Modeling of the modern houses of Cyprus and energy consumption analysis. Energy 25: 915-937.
20. Freeman, L. C. 1978. Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social Networks 1: 215-239.
21. Globerman, S.; Kokko, A.; Sjöholm, F. 2000. International Technology Diffusion: Evidence from Swedish Patent Data. Kyklos 53: 17-38.
22. Griliches, Z. 1990. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28: 1661-1707.
23. Guo, C.; Huang, L. 2010. An analysis of technological characteristics of patents for Beijing hi-tech Olympic Games. 2010 Wuhan.
24. Gupta, V. 1999. Technological trends in the area of fullerenes using bibliometric analysis of patents. Scientometrics 44: 17-31.
25. Gupta, V. K.; Pangannaya, N. B. 2000. Carbon nanotubes: bibliometric analysis of patents. World Patent Information 22: 185-189.
26. Hanel, P. 2006. Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature. Technovation 26: 895-931.
27. Hu, M.-C. 2008. Knowledge flows and innovation capability: The patenting trajectory of Taiwan's thin film transistor-liquid crystal display industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 75: 1423-1438.
28. Hummon, N. P.; Dereian, P. 1989. Connectivity in a citation network: The development of DNA theory. Social Networks 11: 39-63.
29. Jianhui, Z.; Huangao, Z.; Jianguang, S.; Runhua, T. 2007. Technique of product technology evolutionary potential mapping based on patent analysis. Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2007 IEEE International Conference on 2-4 Dec. 2007. 2033-2037.
30. Kajikawa, Y.; Takeda, Y. 2009. Citation network analysis of organic LEDs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 76: 1115-1123.
31. Karki, M. M. S. 1997. Patent citation analysis: A policy analysis tool. World Patent Information 19: 269-272.
32. La Rocca, G.; Tooren, M. V. 2012. Knowledge based engineering to support complex product design. Advanced Engineering Informatics 26: 157-158.
33. Lei, X. P.; Zheng, J.; Gui, J.; Xiong, J. H. 2010. Research on the relative competitiveness of companies based on patent analysis. 2010 Wuhan.
34. Leydesdorff, L.; Wagner, C. S. 2008. International collaboration in science and the formation of a core group. Journal of Informetrics 2: 317-325.
35. List, J. 2010. An A to X of patent citations for searching. World Patent Information 32: 306-312.
36. Ma, Z.; Lee, Y. 2008. Patent application and technological collaboration in inventive activities: 1980-2005. Technovation 28: 379-390.
37. Mcaleer, M.; Slottje, D. 2005. A new measure of innovation: The patent success ratio. Scientometrics 63: 421-429.
38. Michel, J.; Bettels, B. 2001. Patent citation analysis.A closer look at the basic input data from patent search reports. Scientometrics 51: 185-201.
39. No, H. J.; Park, Y. 2010. Trajectory patterns of technology fusion: Trend analysis and taxonomical grouping in nanobiotechnology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77: 63-75.
40. Omer, A. M. 2008. Energy, environment and sustainable development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12: 2265-2300.
41. Palmero-Marrero, A. I.; Oliveira, A. C. 2010. Effect of louver shading devices on building energy requirements. Applied Energy 87: 2040-2049.
42. Park, J.; Lee, H.; Park, Y. 2009. Disembodied knowledge flows among industrial clusters: A patent analysis of the Korean manufacturing sector. Technology in Society 31: 73-84.
43. Patel, D.; Ward, M. R. 2011. Using patent citation patterns to infer innovation market competition. Research Policy 40: 886-894.
44. Pilkington, A.; Teichert, T. 2006. Management of technology: themes, concepts and relationships. Technovation 26: 288-299.
45. Powell, W. W.; Snellman, K. 2004. The Knowledge Economy. Annual Review of Sociology 30: 199-220.
46. Schmoch, U. 1993. Tracing the knowledge transfer from science to technology as reflected in patent indicators. Scientometrics 26: 193-211.
47. Scott, J. 1988. Social Network Analysis. Sociology 22: 109-127.
48. Small, H. 1999. Visualizing science by citation mapping. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50: 799-813.
49. Sorenson, O.; Rivkin, J. W.; Fleming, L. 2006. Complexity, networks and knowledge flow. Research Policy 35: 994-1017.
50. Spear, B. 1996. Patent information on the internet. World Patent Information 18: 33-37.
51. Sternitzke, C.; Bartkowski, A.; Schramm, R. 2008. Visualizing patent statistics by means of social network analysis tools. World Patent Information 30: 115-131.
52. Trappey, C. V.; Wu, H.-Y.; Taghaboni-Dutta, F.; Trappey, A. J. C. 2011. Using patent data for technology forecasting: China RFID patent analysis. Advanced Engineering Informatics 25: 53-64.
53. Tsuji, Y. S. 2002. Organizational behavior in the R&D process based on patent analysis:: Strategic R&D management in a Japanese electronics firm. Technovation 22: 417-425.
54. Van Baalen, P.; Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J.; Van Heck, E. 2005. Knowledge Sharing in an Emerging Network of Practice:: The Role of a Knowledge Portal. European Management Journal 23: 300-314.
55. Wang, H.; Huang, M. 2010. Modularity and discontinuous innovation: A patent data analysis in automobile industry. 2010 Phuket. 2235-2241.
56. Weng, C. S.; Chen, W.-Y.; Hsu, H.-Y.; Chien, S.-H. 2010. To study the technological network by structural equivalence. The Journal of High Technology Management Research 21: 52-63.
57. Wilson, R. M. 1987a. Patent analysis using online databases -- I. Technological trend analysis. World Patent Information 9: 18-26.
58. Wilson, R. M. 1987b. Patent analysis using online databases -- II. Competitor activity monitoring. World Patent Information 9: 73-78.
59. Wu, C.-Y.; Mathews, J. A. 2012. Knowledge flows in the solar photovoltaic industry: Insights from patenting by Taiwan, Korea, and China. Research Policy 41: 524-540.
60. Yener, A. K. 1998. A method of obtaining visual comfort using fixed shading devices in rooms. Building and Environment 34: 285-291.
61. Yoon, J.; Choi, S.; Kim, K. 2011. Invention property-function network analysis of patents: a case of silicon-based thin film solar cells. Scientometrics 86: 687-703.
62. Yoon, J.; Kim, K. 2011. Identifying rapidly evolving technological trends for R&D planning using SAO-based semantic patent networks. Scientometrics 88: 213-228.
63. Yuan, J.; Yue, W.; Su, C.; Wu, Z.; Ma, Z.; Pan, Y.; Ma, N.; Hu, Z.; Shi, F.; Yu, Z.; Wu, Y. 2010. Patent activity on water pollution and treatment in China—a scientometric perspective. Scientometrics 83: 639-651.
64. Zhenxin, C.; Haoxing, Z. 2008. Research of Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling Method Based on Patent Map. Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling Workshop, 2008. KAM Workshop 2008. IEEE International Symposium on 21-22 Dec. 2008. 1090-1094.