本論文旨在探討智慧電網中需求響應問題，而其主要概念為達到電網中電力之供需平衡。具體而言，我們考慮一電力公司集中管理一個社區內用戶之可控制型負載，此包括可延遲型負載（例如：洗衣機、洗碗機等）、可調控型負載（例如：電動車）與儲存型負載（例如：電池）等，為其規劃最佳化負載使用排程以達到電網平衡之目的。然而，電力公司在乎如何供電使效用最大且供電成本最低，而用戶則是關心如何安排用電以降低電費，這些用電問題會隨著不同的電源管理方式而產生不同的結果。我們站在配電公司角度思考如何設計一隨著時間變化之價格機制，使其服務之用戶能跟隨此價格做電源管理以達到電網中電力的供需平衡並減少配電公司自身之供電成本。為達此目的，本研究採用新興計價模式－即時電價法 (Real-time Pricing, RTP) 並結合了區塊傾斜費率 (Inclining Block Rates) 為電力公司設計一能夠減少電網供需失衡之電價模型，並使用此計價模式，求解用戶端之用電成本最小化的需求響應控制問題。模擬結果證明了我們提出的演算法能夠達到足夠良好的電力供需平衡，並且大幅減少了用戶們的電費支出。

Time-varying pricing is known able to in
uence customers' behavior in elec-
tricity usage , and has been used for peak load shedding in power grid. In
this thesis, we propose an price-incentive load management algorithm in or-
der to achieve real-time power balance in a neighborhood with several of load
customers and renewable energy sources (RES). To design a price model that
can improve the power balance, we consider real-time pricing combined with
inclining block rates tari s. In our problem formulation, we take into ac-
count di erent types of load models such as deferrable loads, storage devices,
and EVs. Thus, the research issue amounts to minimizing the electricity pay-
ment of users, subject to the individual constraints of the loads. The problem
can be solved by a linear programming method. Simulation results con rm
that the proposed algorithm can improve the power balance signi cantly.
By applying the price model combined with inclining block rates tari s, the
proposed pricing scheme drastically reduces the electricity payments of the
customers.

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