無線感測器網路以其小尺寸、低成本、廣泛部署的特點，在下世代通信技術的設計中顯現了巨大潛力。特別是在物聯網的各項應用中，基於能量收集的無線傳感器網路在近年來備受關注。然而，儘管能源供應能夠依賴於自然環境，例如:太陽能、風能和水力，但系統的有效性也可能同時受到限制。為了克服這項瓶頸，我們採用額外的一顆常規電池作為輔助能源。基於上述機制，我們進一步考慮封包可能具有的各項屬性，包括優先權、無耐性以及能量需求。為了釐清能耗與常規電池壽命之間的關係，我們不僅定義了一項另外的效能指標“常規能耗比”，並為此提出了更具靈活性的解析模型。此外，我們研究了四種情境：（1）僅有一個節點，每個封包具有相同能耗；（2）僅有一個節點，每個封包具有不同能耗；（3）一個三節點相連而成的網路，每個封包具有相同能耗；（4）一個三節點相連而成的網路，每個封包具有不同能耗。首先，我們透過四維的馬可夫鏈推導出所提出模型的狀態平衡方程式。其次，我們使用迭代演算法得出穩態機率分佈和各項性能指標。接著，我們研究了不同參數對於系統有效性的影響。最後，在大部分的研究案例中，解析結果與模擬結果相當接近。

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) show a great deal of potential in the design of next generation communication technology for their small size, low cost and wide deployment. Particularly in various applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), an Energy Harvesting-based WSN has attracted much attention in recent years. However, while the energy supply can rely on the natural environment, e.g., solar, wind and hydro energy, the efficiency of the system may also be limited. To overcome this bottleneck, an additional regular battery is adopted as an auxiliary energy supply. Based on the above mechanism, we further consider various properties of packets, including priority, impatience, and energy requirement. Furthermore, to figure out the relationship between energy consumption and regular battery lifetime, we not only define an additional performance measure, regular energy consumption ratio (RECR), but also propose a more flexible analytical model for this purpose. In addition, there are four scenarios considered: (1) only one node and the energy consumed by each packet is identical, (2) only one node and the energy consumed by each packet is different, (3) a network with three interconnected nodes and the energy consumed by each packet is identical, (4) a network with three interconnected nodes and the energy consumed by each packet is different. First, we derive the state balance equations of the proposed model by a four-dimensional Markov chain. Second, an iterative algorithm is used to find the steady-state probability distribution and various performance measures. Afterwards, we study the impacts of different parameters on the measures of the system's effectiveness. Lastly, in most of the studied cases, the analytical results are shown to be in fairly close agreement with the simulation results.

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