人生約有三分之一的時間在睡眠中度過，對於現代人而言睡眠品質有越來越低的趨勢，如何睡個好覺成為現代人必須煩惱的重要課題。由於人體矢狀面之頭與背的距離與額狀面之頭與肩的距離有所不同，所以在睡眠時，應該要擁有一顆能夠賦予適當支撐頭部和頸部的枕墊。本研究目的在於設計出具備獨立調整頭頸部高度，並且能夠即時偵測睡姿與高度自動調整之智能型枕墊，另外結合手機應用程式與雲端系統來提升睡眠品質管理。
本研究有五個項目：（1）設計一款具備獨立調整頭頸高度之智能型枕墊，結合手機應用程式與雲端系統來提升睡眠品質管理。（2）依據性別、年齡、身高及體重，預測出側躺頭頸部之初始高度。（3）睡眠習慣，給予最終高度微調，依據頸椎的健康狀況，微調至合適之執行高度。（4）美顏需求，給予美顏高度微調，根據美顏程度的需求，微調至合適之美顏高度。（5）準確判斷睡眠情況，即時偵測睡姿情形，自動給予相對應之高度調整，提供有效的睡眠紀錄。
本研究結果為整合開發出符合頸椎生物力學支撐與臉頰皺紋減緩之智能型枕墊，並且設計出畫面簡潔、操作容易的手機應用程式。應用人體測量學資料庫，預測使用者的仰側躺頭頸部高度，並且達到一定的準確度。在枕墊高度調整的研究中，透過實驗氣囊材質與氣泵流速特性，找出枕墊高度對應氣囊充洩流速之關係。建立生物力學與睡眠美顏模式，提供使用者進行高度上的微調。最終驗證本研究之演算法能夠準確判斷睡眠情況，即時辨識當前睡姿，自動調整枕墊至合適的高度。

About one-third of life is spent in sleep. For modern people, the quality of sleep is getting lower and lower. How to get a good night's sleep has become an important issue that modern people must worry about. Since the distance between the head and the back of the sagittal plane of the human body is different from the distance between the head and the shoulders of the frontal plane, you should have a pillow that can give proper support to the head and neck during sleep. This research aims to design a smart pillow that can independently adjust the height of the head and neck and can detect the sleeping position, and automatically adjust the height in real-time. In addition, the mobile phone application and cloud system are combined to improve sleep quality management.
This research has five parts: (1) Design a smart pillow with independent head and neck height adjustment, combining a mobile app and cloud system to improve sleep quality management. (2) According to gender, age, height, and weight, predict the initial height of the head and neck lying on the side. (3) For sleep habits, fine-tune the final height, and fine-tune it to the appropriate execution height according to the health of the cervical spine. (4) For beauty needs, fine-tune the beauty height, and fine-tune it to a suitable beauty height according to the needs of the beauty level. (5) Accurately determine the sleeping situation, detect the sleeping position in real-time, automatically adjust the corresponding height, and provide an effective sleep record.
The results of this study are to integrate and develop an intelligent pillow cushion that conforms to the cervical spine's biomechanical support and reduces cheek wrinkles and design a mobile application with a simple screen and easy operation. The anthropometric database is used to predict the height of the user's head and neck lying on their back with a certain degree of accuracy. In the study of the height adjustment of the pillow, the relationship between the height of the pillow and the flow rate of the airbag was found by experimenting with the material of the airbag and the flow rate of the air pump. Establish biomechanics and sleep beauty mode, providing users with fine-tuning in height. Finally, it is verified that the algorithm of this study can accurately judge the sleep situation, instantly identify the current sleeping position, and automatically adjust the pillow to the appropriate height.

[1]陳濘宏，吳家碩(2017)。 2017台灣常見睡眠問題盛行率的變化趨勢：一個十年的橫斷性重覆調查。台灣睡眠醫學學會第十五屆學術研討會，高雄醫學大學國研大樓B2會議廳。
[2]吳家碩，楊建銘，李信謙(2019)。2019年台灣睡眠醫學學會年度調查輪班工作者慢性失眠盛行率及睡眠問題大調查。台灣睡眠醫學學會第十七屆學術研討會，張榮發基金會國際會議中心8樓。
[3]嚴成文(2020)。睡覺不簡單。科學發展，568，49-54。
[4]Yim, J. (2015, March). Optimal Pillow Conditions for High-Quality Sleep: A Theoretical Review. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(S5), 135. DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8iS5/62330
[5]Chen, J. H., Cheng, C. H., & Hsieh, T. H. (2019, June). The Effects of Pillow on Biomechanics, Pulmonary Function and Pain Relief: A Systematic Review. 物理治療, 44(2), 148-149. DOI: 10.6215/FJPT.201906.P52
[6]Kim, H. C., Jun, H. S., Kim, J. H., Ahn, J. H., Chang, I. B., Song, J. H., & Oh, J. K. (2015, September). The Effect of Different Pillow Heights on the Parameters of Cervicothoracic Spine Segments. Korean Journal of Spine, 12(3), 135-138. DOI: 10.14245/kjs.2015.12.3.135
[7]Ren, S., Wong, D. W. C., Yang, H., Zhou, Y., Lin, J., & Zhang, M. (2016, August). Effect of pillow height on the biomechanics of the head-neck complex: investigation of the craniocervical pressure and cervical spine alignment. 4, e2397. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2397
[8]Basics, B. (2006). Understanding sleep. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda.
[9]Sejnowski, T. J., & Destexhe, A. (2000, December). Why do we sleep?. Brain Research, 886(1-2), 208-223. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03007-9
[10]Le Bon, O. (2020, June). Relationships between REM and NREM in the NREM-REM sleep cycle: a review on competing concepts. Sleep medicine, 70, 6-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.004 
[11]McCarley, R. W. (2007, March). Neurobiology of REM and NREM sleep. Sleep medicine, 8(4), 302-330.
[12]張芳嘉(2013)。何謂睡眠？。檢自 https://sleep-laboratory-at-ntu.webnode.tw/%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8B%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C/%E4%BD%95%E8%AC%82%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%EF%BC%9F/
[13]Suni, E., & Vyas, N. (2022, June). Stages of Sleep. from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/stages-of-sleep
[14]邱曉彥,邱艷芬(2010)。睡眠品質之概念分析。護理雜誌, 57(4), 106-111。
[15]Johns, M. W. (1971, March). Methods of assessing human sleep. Archives of Internal Medicine, 127(3), 484-492.
[16]Parrott, A. C., & Hindmarch, I. (1978, May). Factor analysis of a sleep evaluation questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 8(2), 325-329. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700014379
[17]Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., 3rd., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989, May). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
[18]Chiu, H. Y., & Chao, Y. F. (2010, August). Concept analysis: sleep quality. Hu li za Zhi The journal of nursing, 57(4), 106-111.
[19]Hiscock, H., & Roessler, P. (2014, January). Why do we roll over when we're asleep? from https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/01/28/3861788.htm
[20]友野尚(2020)。越睡越瘦的睡眠聖經：改變人生的神奇魔法。新北市：幸福文化。
[21]孫哲賢(1953)。漫談褥瘡及其預防。中國醫刊, 10。
[22]王竹，李培華，李巍，曹磊，邢宇軒，萬瑾(2020)。男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合症患者睡眠時體位及翻身頻率的特點及作用。臨床與病理雜誌, 40(5), 1217222-1211222. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2020.05.023
[23]Khalik, S. (2015, September). Hospitals ramp up the battle against bed sores. from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/hospitals-ramp-up-battle-against-bed-sores
[24]Skarpsno, E. S., Mork, P. J., Nilsen, T. I. L., & Holtermann, A. (2017, November). Sleep positions and nocturnal body movements based on free-living accelerometer recordings: association with demographics, lifestyle, and insomnia symptoms. Nature and science of sleep, 9, 267-275. DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S145777
[25]Poljsak, B., Godic, A., Lampe, T., & Dahmane, R. (2012, June). The influence of sleeping on the formation of facial wrinkles. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 14(3), 133-138. doi:DOI.3109/14764172.2012
[26]陳泰全 (2018)。 睡眠姿勢對阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的影響。
[27]Person, E., Rife, C., Freeman, J., Clark, A., & Castell, D. O. (2015, September). A Novel Sleep Positioning Device Reduces Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Gastroenterol, 49(8), 655-659. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000359
[28]Fujita, M., Miyamoto, S., Tambara, K., & Budgell, B. (2002, August). Trepopnea in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol, 84(2-3), 115-118. DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00132-8
[29]Farine, D., & Seaward, P. G. (2007, October). When it comes to pregnant women sleeping, is left right? J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 29(10), 841-842. DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32633-0
[30]謝佳君(2018)。側睡容易有皺紋！沒錯，睡姿很重要。檢自https://www.commonhealth.com.tw/article/76674?from=search
[31]Snoring. from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/snoring/symptoms-causes/syc-20377694
[32]Jane (2022, March). How to Improve Your Sleep When You Have GERD? from https://bestpillowsleepers.com/gerd-and-sleep/#
[33]Taiwan Society of Sleep Medicine. from http://www.tssm.org.tw/resource_03.php
[34]Taiwan Sleep Disorders Association. from http://www.sleep.org.tw/ugC_Polysomnography.asp
[35]Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Spence, D.W., BaHammam, A.S. (2014). Polysomnography: An Overview. In: Pagel, J., Pandi-Perumal, S. (eds) Primary Care Sleep Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1185-1_4 
[36]Lokavee, S., Watthanawisuth, N., Mensing, J., & Kerdcharoen, T. (2012, March). Sensor pillow system: Monitoring cardio-respiratory and posture movements during sleep. Paper presented at The 4th 2011 biomedical engineering international conference.
[37]陳政勳(2021)。具睡姿監測功能之智慧型枕墊開發。
[38]睡好-一夜好眠的專家。檢自 http://www.sleepgood.tw/
[39]Lovefu. from https://www.lovefu.tw/
[40]枕上人。檢自 https://www.kn-ideahouse.co/
[41]勁嘉科技。檢自 https://www.gingertech.com.tw/
[42]Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety And Health, Ministry of Labor. from https://www.ilosh.gov.tw/menu/1210/1211/
[43]王茂駿，王明陽，林煜呈(2000)。台灣地區人體計測資料庫手冊。
[44]石依民(2013)。適合枕頭高度之計測研究。
[45]ESP32-WROOM-32 Datasheet. from https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-wroom-32_datasheet_en.pdf
[46]HX710(A/B) Datasheet. from http://win.adrirobot.it/datasheet/integrati/pdf/HX710_A-B.PDF
[47]MPS20N0040D-S Datasheet. from http://win.adrirobot.it/datasheet/speciali/pdf/mps20n0040d-s.pdf
[48]Micro 370 Air Pump Datasheet. from https://media.digikey.com/pdf/Data%20Sheets/Makeblock%20PDFs/50000_Web.pdf
[49]Fa0520F Datasheet. from https://www.mantech.co.za/Datasheets/Products/1057895_BG.pdf
[50]劉宇埕(2021)。可調型生物力學枕頭之人體測量學與生物力學研究。