雷電的發生乃是肇因雲層的靜電感應，使得雲與大地間存在著一個很強的靜電場(static electric field)。當雷擊發生時,自雲中向地面的向下閃流(downward leader) ，接著一道強大的回擊(return stroke)，期間因雷擊電流注入，使大地之電位湧昇。建築物遭受的雷擊時間雖在數十微秒之間，但其電流強度達到一至兩萬安培。人與設備在遭受雷擊的建築物內到底會承受多少電壓，這與接地網之布置與接地電阻值的大小有密切的關係。
本研究以電磁暫態模擬程式(EMTP)分析建築物不同接地架構組合下之各節點接地網所產生的電壓湧昇波形。藉以檢討雷擊發生時各節點(node)之電位分佈，從而可以比較分析各種地網對人員及設備安全所能產生之保護作用。研究模擬結果顯示接地下導體之連接位置與雷擊防護效果有密切之關係，以在地網中心點較優，而值得設計施工時之參考。

The thesis is devoted to study the effectiveness of grounding system during the lightning stroke occurred and an effective protecting schemes for electric equipments.
Lightning stroke occurred due to a strong electric field existed between the cloudy and ground. As far as the electric field strength exceeds a threshold voltage (breakdown voltage of the air), a downward streamer leader started from the cloud and extended toward to the ground. However, a strong return stroke streamer will initiate from ground upward to air and hitting the downward streamer in the air, causing a lightning stroke. The ground potential rise (GPR) was established by the lightning current flowing into the grounding system. A significant level of lightning current, normally 10~20 kA, will damage the insulation of electrical equipments and a harmful electric shock to peoples in a short time period, typically several microseconds. The safety voltage limit for human and equipment are affected by the arrangement of the grounding grid and grounding resistance. The step and touch voltages were analyzed by Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP), in order to study the relationship between the GPR and differential configurations of grounding networks, during the lightning stroke period. By examining the potential rise of every typical nodes of the building, the electrical engineer could find an effective grounding design scheme for protective the human and machines in the building. The simulation results show that the closer to the central area of the grounding grids for the lightning current injection, the better protecting performance will be.

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