在科技世代逐漸發展，全世界對於民生用水及工業用水的需求迎來了更高的挑戰，而在當今科技發展最為完備的水處理技術當中屬海水淡化的程序。海水淡化中，奈米過濾扮演著將細微且帶有電荷的二價鹽類離子及金屬離子分離的程序，在此類程序的應用端屬界面聚合膜研究為大宗，界面聚合膜可以利用摻入不同尺寸的添加物、改善聚醯胺的交聯結構及改變界面聚合時相的行為來達到效能提升的目的，並且以改善膜表面電性達到更顯著的改善以用於更廣的奈米過濾應用程序。
本研究利用加入三種不同官能化奈米鑽石探討與PIP-TMC交聯成聚醯胺的狀況，並且在添加奈米鑽石之後，添加界面活性劑進一步改變相行為，改善成膜的聚醯胺型態。
由結果指出，分別添加羧酸基奈米鑽石、氫基奈米鑽石及胺基奈米鑽石於水相溶液中界面聚合成聚醯胺，會改變原始的親水性能，並且藉由不同官能基團所帶的電荷的特性，改變了膜的表面電位。而胺基奈米鑽石所帶有的胺官能基團能夠更進一步摻入PIP-TMC的交聯行為而改變交聯結構，使對於MgCl2、NaCl等較難分離的一價鹽類有改善效果，其中當添加量濃度為400 ppm時，對於NaCl的截留率及鹽類通量達到44.9% 及12.35 (LMH/bar)。
以此胺基奈米鑽石的添加情況，我們將三種不同碳鏈長的界面活性劑 (SOS、SDS、SHS)添加共混於水相溶液之中。藉由鑑定結果發現，膜表面變得更親水且所測得的交聯度降低，而在SDS添加時對於NaCl的截留率有線性的上升，從44.8%提升至54.15%，通量則下降至8.35 (LMH/bar)，達到了對於一價鹽類更高的截留率。
藉由探討了奈米鑽石與界面活性劑兩種添加的變化，我們發現膜表面電性容易被不同電性的添加物所影響，並且能夠在添加劑的方面改善了分離效能，多樣化聚醯胺薄膜於奈米過濾薄膜的研究發展。

With the gradual development in science and technology, the world's water demand for people's livelihood and industrial water has increased and resulted in greater challenges. Among the most thorough water treatment technologies in today's technological development to solve this water crisis is the desalination of seawater, where the nanofiltration process plays a crucial role in separating fine and charged divalent ions and metal ions. In this process, polymeric membranes prepared using interfacial polymerization are typically used. These membranes could be modified by incorporating differently-sized additives, improving the cross-linking structure of polyamides, and changing the behavior of the interfacial polymerization phase in able to improve the surface electrical properties of the membrane to achieve more favorable separation performance for a wider range of nanofiltration applications.

In this study, three different functionalized nanodiamonds were used and investigated for cross-linking with Piperazine-Trimethyl Chloride to form polyamides. Furthermore, the addition of surfactants has significant effects in the phase behavior and has improved the membrane-forming polyamides state.

The results showed that the nanodiamonds functionalized with carboxyl (COOH-nanodiamond), hydrogen (hydrogen-nanodiamond), and amine (NH2-nanodiamond) were successfully incorporated into the aqueous solution. The interfacial polymerization of polyamides changed the original hydrophilic properties, and the surface charge of the membrane has been changed depending on the charges carried by different functional groups added. It was revealed that the amine-functionalized nanodiamonds can result in a crosslinking behavior of PIP-TMC that lead to a different structure, which could improve the rejection of monovalent salts such as MgCl2 and NaCl that are difficult to separate. When the added nanodiamond concentration was 400 ppm, the rejection rate and permeance for NaCl aqueous solution reached 44.9% and 12.35 (LMH/bar), respectively.

Based on the incorporated amino-nanodiamonds, we also added three surfactants (Sodium Octyl Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Sodium Hexadecyl Sulfate) with different carbon chain lengths into the aqueous solution through mixing. From the results, it was found that when Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate was added, the membrane surface became more hydrophilic, and the measured degree of cross-linking decreased. Although the permeance has decreased to 8.35 LMH/bar, the rejection for NaCl increased linearly from 44.8% to 54.15%, indicating a higher rejection for monovalent ions.

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