磺酸化改質之溶劑誘導聚丙烯腈碳球衍生物幾何結構應用於流動式電容去離子技術

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研究生：	郭亮延 Liang-Yan Guo
論文名稱：	磺酸化改質之溶劑誘導聚丙烯腈碳球衍生物幾何結構應用於流動式電容去離子技術 Sulfone-modified of solvent-induced polyacrylonitrile carbon sphere structures in flow capacitive deionization
指導教授：	洪維松 Wei-Song Hung
口試委員:	胡蒨傑 Chien-Chieh Hu 林嘉和 Chia-Her Lin
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	應用科技學院 - 應用科技研究所 Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
論文出版年：	2023
畢業學年度：	111
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	80
中文關鍵詞：	海水淡化、電容去離子、流動式電容去離子、流動電極、碳材、磺酸化
外文關鍵詞：	desalination, capacitive deionization, flow capacitive deionization, flow electrode, carbon material, sulfonation
相關次數：	點閱：228 下載：0
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上一筆

現今社會對於水資源及能源的需求是越來越龐大，目前主要的海水淡化技術如逆滲透和電滲析等雖然已被普遍使用，但其高能耗是最大的缺點。科學家們開發一種新的海水淡化技術，稱為流動電容去離子（FCDI），其具有低能耗、低汙染、電極可自動再生、可連續操作等優點。 FCDI作為一項全新的技術，目前主要還是以活性碳作為流動電極的材料，對其他碳材料的改性研究較少。在本實驗中，我們使用了三種不同的溶劑誘導聚丙烯腈（PAN）來形成不同結構的碳球衍生物，並探討經由磺酸化改質及在不同磺酸化改質溫度下對於海水中離子的吸引力所帶來的過濾效能影響，並藉由不同的操作模式下外接上電容器來計算出脫鹽過程中的充電效率及能量回收。
實驗結果指出，PAN在與經由丙酮誘導後所形成之球狀結構在經過150oC的磺酸化處理後與其他溶劑及改質溫度相比有著較低的離子轉移電阻及較高的脫鹽效能，在短路閉路循環 (SCC) 模式操作下，其30分鐘內的平均脫鹽率可達到0.19 mmol/m2s，比商用活性碳的0.067 mmol/m2s高出約2.5倍。在孤立閉路循環 (ICC) 模式中計算出75.73%的充電效率，並成功的將電容器從0.00 V充電至0.60 V。
基於上述的研究成果，我們證實了不同的溶劑誘導及磺酸化改質的碳材對於FCDI系統脫鹽能力的提升，同時能從脫鹽過程後在無任何外接電源的情形下收集到額外的電，達到同時產水產電之目的，這對於未來海水淡化及能量回收領域提供了新的研究方向。

The demand for water resources and energy in today's society is growing rapidly. Although current seawater desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are widely used, their high energy consumption remains a major drawback. Scientists have developed a new seawater desalination technology called Flow Capacitive Deionization (FCDI), which offers advantages such as low energy consumption, low pollution, electrode regeneration, and continuous operation. FCDI primarily utilizes activated carbon as the material for the flow electrode, with less research focused on other carbon materials and modifications.
In this experiment, we used three different solvents to induce the formation of carbon spheres derived from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). We investigated the filtration performance by sulfonation modification and explored the impact of the attractiveness of ions in seawater under different sulfonation temperatures. Additionally, by connecting an external capacitor in different operating modes, we calculated the charging efficiency and energy recovery during the desalination process.
The experimental results revealed that PAN-derived spherical structures induced by acetone and sulfonated at 150°C exhibited lower ion transfer resistance and higher desalination efficiency compared to other solvents and sulfonation temperatures. Under Short-Circuit Closed (SCC) mode operation, the average desalination rate within 30 minutes reached 0.19 mmol/m2s, approximately 2.5 times higher than that of commercial activated carbon (0.067 mmol/m2s). In Isolated Closed (ICC) mode, a charging efficiency of 75.73% was achieved, successfully charging the capacitor from 0.00 V to 0.60 V.
Based on these research findings, we have demonstrated that carbon materials induced and sulfonated with different solvents can enhance the desalination capability of the FCDI system. Furthermore, additional electrical energy can be harvested without any external power source during the desalination process, achieving the dual purpose of water production and electricity generation. This opens up new research directions for future advancements in seawater desalination and energy recovery fields.

目錄
摘要    I
Abstract    II
致謝    IV
目錄    V
圖目錄    IX
表目錄    XIII
第一章    緒論    1
第二章    文獻回顧    3
2-1海水淡化之技術與發展    3
2-1-1 相變法    3
2-1-2 薄膜分離法    4
2-1-3電容去離子技術    7
2-2 流動式電容去離子 (FCDI)    13
2-2-1 系統操作模式    14
2-2-1-1 單模組操作    15
2-2-1-2 多模組操作    16
2-2-2 流動電極    17
2-2-2-1 FCDI流動電極材料的種類    17
2-2-2-2 FCDI流動電極導電添加劑    18
2-2-2-3 FCDI流動電極電解質    20
2-2-3  FCDI的未來發展與應用    21
2-2-3-1 混合系統優化    22
2-2-3-2 重金屬去除    23
2-2-3-3 廢水回收    24
2-2-3-4 能量回收    26
第三章    實驗材料與方法    29
3-1 實驗藥品    29
3-2 實驗儀器    30
3-3 實驗步驟    31
3-3-1 PAN碳材製備    31
3-3-2 PAN碳材表面改質    31
3-3-3 FCDI流動電極製備    32
3-4 FCDI模具配置    32
3-5 物理鑑定    34
3-5-1 場發式掃描電子顯微鏡 (FE-SEM)    34
3-5-2 X光繞射儀 (XRD)    34
3-5-3 比表面積與孔隙度分析儀    35
3-6 化學鑑定    35
3-6-1傅立葉紅外光譜儀 (FT-IR)    35
3-6-2 拉曼光譜儀 (Raman)    36
3-6-3 能量色散X射線光譜 (EDS)    37
3-7 電性鑑定    37
3-7-1 電化學阻抗分析儀 (EIS)    37
3-7-2 循環伏安法(CV)    38
3-8 FCDI效能測試    38
3-8-1 脫鹽效能測試    38
3-8-2 充電效能測試    40
第四章    結果與討論    41
4-1 磺酸化改質之效能與鑑定    41
4-1-1物理鑑定    41
4-1-1-1 場發式掃描電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)    41
4-1-1-2 X光繞射分析 (XRD)    42
4-1-1-3 比表面積與孔隙度分析    43
4-1-2 化學鑒定    45
4-1-2-1 傅立葉紅外光譜儀 (FT-IR)    45
4-1-2-2 拉曼光譜分析 (Raman)    46
4-1-2-3 能量色散X射線光譜 (EDS)    47
4-1-3 電性鑑定    49
4-1-3-1 電化學阻抗分析 (EIS)    49
4-1-3-2 循環伏安法分析 (CV)    50
4-1-4 FCDI 效能測試    51
4-1-4-1 脫鹽效能測試    51
4-2 改質溫度變化對於性能之影響    52
4-2-1 物理鑑定    52
4-2-1-1 場發式掃描電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)    52
4-2-2 化學鑑定    53
4-2-2-1 傅立葉紅外光譜儀 (FT-IR)    53
4-2-2-3 能量色散X射線光譜 (EDS)    54
4-2-3 電性鑑定    55
4-2-3-1 電化學阻抗分析 (EIS)    55
4-2-4 FCDI效能測試    56
4-2-4-1 脫鹽效能測試    56
4-2-4-2 充電效能測試    57
4-3 脫鹽效能和充電效率與其他研究之比較    59
第五章    結論    61
參考文獻    62
                                

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全文公開日期 2028/08/17 (校內網路)
全文公開日期 2028/08/17 (校外網路)
全文公開日期 2028/08/17 (國家圖書館：臺灣博碩士論文系統)

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