本研究之主要目的在探討階段式加藥對自來水處理效能之影響。以不同水質條件之原水進行分析，比較以不同加藥模式、加藥比例及混凝時間對混凝效果的差異性；並透過膠羽特性的量測，以瞭解膠羽的聚集情形，藉以評估階段加藥的整體性能。實驗中分為兩大部分進行，先透過瓶杯試驗進行初步的定性及反應機制的討論，再藉以模型廠的實行進一步驗證其結果。
實驗結果顯示，相較於傳統一階段加藥，透過二階段加藥的方式可以獲得較穩定的處理效果，較佳的膠羽強度、以及提昇大分子有機物的去除；此外，亦可降低混凝劑的使用量。利用二段式的添加混凝劑的方式，不僅可有效的克服因加藥不均或顆粒間靜電力與空間障礙而難以聚集的問題，同時又可幫助核種生成，進而增加後續膠羽集結的機率。但須注意的是，在有機質含量較高的情形下，加藥比例的改變會影響濁度的移除效果。
透過模廠實驗可以發現，在傳統一階段加藥模式下，透過延長攪拌時間可助於濁度的移除，但當攪拌強度越過一定門檻後，攪拌時間的增加對濁度去除的效果有限；若搭配二段式加藥的方式，則透過快混時間的再延長不但可以達到均勻分散混凝劑的目的，同時可以有效幫助緻密細小的晶核形成，而達到強化濁度去除的效果。

Staged coagulation-flocculation in water treatment was studied using raw water from Taipei Waterworks. Both bench and pilot-scale experiments were conducted to compare effectiveness between single- and two-stage coagulation-flocculation. Turbidity, UV254 absorbance and total organic carbon (TOC) were utilized to assess performance. Small angle light scattering instrument and microscopic camera were used to measure floc size distribution and floc structures.
The results from these experiments indicated that the two-stage coagulation-flocculation generally resulted in lower or equivalent residual turbidity than single-stage process. However, when PACl was used as coagulant in water samples high in UV254 absorbance, the removal efficiency was affected by dosing scheme and dosing ratio. No significant difference was found in floc size distribution resulting from different dosing schemes. However, more compact structure of flocs formed in two-stage coagulation process.
More importantly, mixing intensity and duration in rapid mixing exhibited significant impact on coagulation efficiency. The results showed that in single-stage coagulation double mixing time resulted in lower residual turbidity. However, no significant effect was found when rapid mixing time was longer than 6 min. In addition, two-stage coagulation process and prolonged mixing time could ensure effective treatment. It is proposed that in two-stage coagulation, the nuclei formed in first stage. Then formation of more active sites that colloidal particles may aggregate into large flocs occurred in second stage. Consequently, the enhanced efficiency was achieved and stronger flocs were formed.

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