本論文提出三個高昇壓轉換器於高壓直流之應用。這三個新型無變壓器的單級電路架構，其分別為高昇壓直流-直流轉換器、高昇壓單開關交流-直流轉換器及高昇壓四開關矩陣交流-直流轉換器。基於傳統柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓器(Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier, CW-VM)，每個所提出之轉換器，藉由增加柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓器的階數，在不須要修正主開關電路的結構及其控制策略下，獲得高電壓增益。此外，本文提出一種新的柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓器的電路表示法，以簡化電路之等效模型。而利用此方法，推導出本論文所提出三種轉換器的數學模型，可以增加模擬之運算效率。每個所提出之轉換器的電路操作原理、靜態增益推導、設計考量及控制策略，皆詳述於本文中。輸出電壓漣波的通式係以電流饋入分析法來推得，此電壓漣波是負載的函數，可以方便系統參數之設計；此外，本論文所提出之轉換器均工作於連續導通模式，控制策略是平均電流控制，且直接使用一個商用功率因數修正積體電路來實現每個轉換器的控制器。本論文實際建構三種高昇壓轉換器的實驗模型，以作為測試及評估之用，並分別由模擬及實驗結果證實了所提出之轉換器於高壓直流應用的可行性。三個所提出之轉換器的主要特點歸納如下：
本文首先提出之高昇壓直流-直流轉換器具有低失真/低漣波/連續之輸入電流、高電壓增益、低的開關/二極體/電容器電壓應力等特點，相當適合用於低壓直流之發電系統。此外，基於一個n階的柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓器，此轉換器無需外加分離電容器，即可提供適合的直流電源給一個(n+1)階層的變流器。此轉換器的控制策略使用了兩個獨立的開關頻率，一為高頻的操作以縮小電感之尺寸；而另一為相對低頻的操作，其依所需要之輸出電壓漣波而定。
其次，本文另提出基於柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓器之高昇壓單開關交流-直流轉換電路，其僅在傳統倍壓器上加入一個雙向開關及一個昇壓電感。相較於傳統的柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓電路，此轉換器使用功率因數修正策略，提供具有半波對稱且低失真之線電流、高功率因數於交流電源端及適用於大範圍負載變動之可調直流輸出電壓。此高昇壓單開關交流-直流轉換器使用單週期控制(one-cycle control)，其無需使用乘法器及偵測輸入交流電源，可簡化控制器的設計及減少控制電路的元件及成本。
最後，本文提出之高昇壓矩陣式交流-直流轉換器，由四個雙向開關組成之矩陣式轉換器配置於交流電源及柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓器之間，提供了高電源品質、可調節的輸出電壓及相當低的輸出漣波。文中的矩陣轉換器可操作於兩種獨立的頻率，其中之一係配合功率因數修正控制，另一則是用來控制矩陣轉換器之輸出頻率，改變此頻率可以調整柯克勞夫-沃爾頓倍壓器的輸出電壓漣波。

This dissertation proposes three high step-up converters for high voltage dc applications. The three novel transformerless single-stage topologies are high step-up dc-dc converter, high step-up single-switch ac-dc converter and high step-up four-switch matrix ac-dc converter, respectively. Based on a conventional Cockcroft- Walton voltage multiplier (CW-VM), each proposed converter can provide high-voltage gain by increasing the stages of CW-VM without modifying the structure and control strategy of the main switch circuit. Moreover, this dissertation derives a new method of circuit representation for CW-VM, which simplifies the equivalent circuit. By using this method, the mathematical models corresponding to the three proposed converters are derived and used for simulations. The circuit operation principle, derivation of static gain, design considerations, and control strategy of each proposed converter are all detailed in this dissertation. Moreover, the current-fed analysis approach is used to derive a general expression of the output voltage ripple, which is a function of the output current and is able to facilitate the design of the system. In addition, a commercial average-current-mode control power factor correction (PFC) integrated circuit is used to achieve the control strategy for each proposed converter in continuous conduction mode. Three laboratory prototypes corresponding to the three proposed converters are built for test and evaluation. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of each proposed converter for high voltage dc applications. The major features of the three proposed converters are summarized as follows:
First, providing continuous input current with low ripple, high voltage gain and low voltage stress on the switches, diodes and capacitors, the proposed high step-up dc-dc converter is quite suitable for applying to low-level dc generation systems. Moreover, based on the n-stage CW-VM, this converter, without extra split capacitors, offers suitable dc sources for an (n+1)-level multilevel inverter. In this dissertation, the control strategy of the proposed high step-up dc-dc converter employs two independent frequencies, one of which operates at a high frequency such that the size of the boost inductor can be minimized, while the other one operates at relatively lower frequency and can be used to provide suitable output voltage ripple.
Only one bidirectional switch and one boost inductor are added to a conventional CW-VM circuit, and this forms the second proposed high step-up single-switch ac-dc converter. Compared with the conventional CW-VM circuit, the proposed converter provides half-wave symmetry and low-distorted line current, high power factor at the ac source side and a regulated dc output voltage for a wide load range. In this dissertation, the power factor control strategy of this single-switch ac-dc converter is implemented by one-cycle control, in which the multiplier and sensing of the input ac voltage are unnecessary. Thus, this leads to simplifying the design of the controller.
Finally, the third proposed converter is the high step-up four-switch matrix ac-dc converter, which is formed by arranging a four-bidirectional-switch matrix converter between the ac source and the CW-VM. The proposed matrix converter provides high quality of line conditions, adjustable output voltage, and especially low output ripple. Two independent frequencies are used to operate these four bidirectional switches, one of which is associated with PFC control and the other is used to set the output frequency of the matrix converter. The former operates at a high frequency such that the line current can be nearly sinusoidal, while the latter operates at relatively lower frequency and can be used to provide suitable output voltage ripple.

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