本研究描述了摻雜有氮和硼參雜之原子的碳奈米角和石墨烯的電化學性質。從摻雜氮的石墨烯的電化學分析到合成摻氮的氧化石墨烯（NG）電極的電化學分析，可以獲得最高的電容性，原因是摻雜劑氮提供了與電解質相互作用的自由價電子。
將金屬氧化物（MOs）（磁鐵礦（Fe3O4），氧化鈷（Co3O4）和氧化鎳（NiO））在NG上原始位置教合，以生產用於超電容器材料的二元MOs/NG複合材料。在使用亥姆霍茲線圈產生的外部磁場（EMF）為0和8.98 mT的條件下測量了混合複合電極。這些二元組分混合電極的電化學分析表明，在5 mV/s 時的比電容為（697 F/g , 747 F/g), (963 F/g, 1092 F/g), 和 (973 F/g, 1254 F/g)。在二元NiO/NG, Co3O4/NG, 和 Fe3O4/NG混合電極的EMF（0，8.98 mT）下的掃描速率。 MOs和EMF的添加下的這些特徵分別與MOs的電導率和EMF的Lorentz效應有關。此外，這些混合電極表現出良好的比電容和更好的充放電曲線，但最佳電極（Fe3O4/NG）在EMF下的循環保持能力為92％，並顯示出振盪。
將導電材料（CM）（聚苯胺（PA）或碳點（Cdots））原位教合，以用於超級電容器材料的三元NG/CM/磁鐵礦雜化物。此外，當將（0，8.98 mT）的EMF用於NG/PA/Fe3O4和NG/Cdots/Fe3O4混合電極的電化學測量時，最高比電容為（1064 F/g，2001 F/g）在（0，8.98 mT）的EMF下，以5 mV/s的掃描速率分別獲得了（1438 F/g，2213 F/g)。 NG/磁鐵礦的二元雜化物中包含的Cdots含量為4 wt％，PA的含量為ng的25 wt％，與NG形成對比。三元NG/Cdots（1：1,4)/Fe3O442混合電極在（0的EMF）下以400 W/kg的比功率密度顯示出最高的比能量密度（99.7 Wh/kg，143.0 Wh/kg)，分別為8.98 mT）。這些報告表明，合適的三元混合材料可有效提高比電容，提高比能量密度並在EMF下保持超級電容器的耐久性。
在均勻EMF下比電容的增加與整體電解質濃度 的3/5倍成正比；但是，功效值與理論估計值不同。由於有洛倫茲力引起的對流，在EMF存在下，復電容幾乎增加了一倍，這是由於電荷轉移阻力減小，延遲時間常數增大，離子擴散的促進以及上升引起的。雙層電容的大小。目前的結果將為改善電動勢下電容效率的機制開闢新的窗口。
最後，將NG/Fe3O4（正電極）和NG/Cdots/Fe3O442（負電極）組裝為非對稱器件，在400.0 W下重量電容為252.2 F / g，重量能量密度為90.1 Wh/kg。在1 M NaCl水性電解質中以1.6 V的電勢獲得/ kg重量功率密度。

This thesis described the electrochemical properties of carbon nanohorn and graphene doped nitrogen and boron heteroatoms. The highest capacitance performance was obtained from electrochemical analysis of graphene doped nitrogen because the dopant nitrogen affords free valance electron that interacts with electrolyte.
Metal oxides (MOs) (magnetite (Fe3O4), cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and nickel oxide (NiO)) were in situ hybridized on NG to produce binary MOs/NG hybrid composites for supercapacitor materials. The hybrid composite electrodes were measured under the external magnetic fields (EMFs) of 0 and 8.98 mT produced using a Helmholtz coil. The electrochemical analyses of these binary component hybrid electrodes have shown the specific capacitance of (697 F/g, 747 F/g), (963 F/g, 1092 F/g), and (973 F/g, 1254 F/g) at 5 mV/s scan rate under the EMFs of (0, 8.98 mT) from binary NiO/NG, Co3O4/NG, and Fe3O4/NG hybrid electrodes, respectively. These features under the addition of MOs and the EMF are associated to the conductivity of MOs and the Lorentz effect of the EMF, respectively. In addition, these hybrid electrodes have shown good specific capacitance and better charge-discharge profile, but the cycle retention ability of the best electrode (Fe3O4/NG) under the EMF was 92% and it has shown oscillation.
Conductive material (CM) (polyaniline (PA) or carbon dots (Cdots)) was in situ hybridized to develop ternary NG/CM/magnetite hybrids for supercapacitor materials. Further, when the EMFs of (0, 8.98 mT) were applied to the electrochemical measurements of the NG/PA/Fe3O4 and NG/Cdots/Fe3O4 hybrid electrodes, the highest specific capacitance of (1064 F/g, 2001 F/g) and (1438 F/g, 2213 F/g) was obtained at a scan rate of 5 mV/s under the EMFs of (0, 8.98 mT), respectively. A 4 wt% content of Cdots and 25 wt% of PA contrast to that of NG was included in the binary hybrids of NG/Magnetite and has shown higher capacitance performance. Ternary NG/Cdots/Fe3O4 hybrid electrode has shown the highest specific energy density of (99.7 Wh/kg, 143.0 Wh/kg) at the specific power density of 400 W/kg under the EMF of (0, 8.98 mT), respectively. These reports show that suitable ternary hybrid materials effectively enhance the specific capacitance, increase the specific energy density and maintain the durability of supercapacitors under the EMF.
The increase in specific capacitance under the uniform EMF was proportional to 3/5 power of bulk electrolyte concentration; however, the power value was different from the theoretical estimation. The complex capacitance was almost doubled in the presence of the EMF due to the convection induced by the Lorentz force that was responsible for the reduced charge transfer resistance, the escalation of the relaxation time constant, the facilitation of the ion diffusion, and hence the rise of the double-layer capacitance. The present result will open a new window for the improvement mechanisms on the capacitance efficiency under the EMF.
Finally, NG/Fe3O4 (positive electrode) and NG/Cdots/Fe3O4 (negative electrode) were assembled as asymmetric device, 252.2 F/g gravimetric capacitance and a 90.1 Wh/kg gravimetric energy density at 400.0 W/kg gravimetric power density was obtained in 1 M NaCl aqueous electrolyte at a potential window of 1.6 V.

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