本論文主要針對管路施作環縫填料銲接後所造成的殘留應力進行量測及分析，分別以銲接母材之初始銲接溫度的差異以及於管路上施作不同道次作為比較，探討施作不同條件下之銲接對於母材造成的殘留應力分佈及大小，並據此判別殘留應力對管路銲接結構的影響。
研究過程分別使用有限元素數值模擬分析以及實驗量測。有限元素分析軟體採用熱彈塑性理論配合熱-結構耦合元素及非線性溫度相依材料特性進行數值分析，主要分為熱學模式和力學模式兩種計算模型來分別探討環縫填料銲接過程中隨時間變化之溫度場與熱應力場。
實驗量測殘留應力方面，研究上分別使用鑽孔法以及反射式光彈法驗證數值計算結果。鑽孔法貼附三軸向應變規量測因鑽孔釋放之應變值，利用無窮域平板圓孔理論將應變值反算即可得知未鑽孔前的殘留應力。為改善鑽孔法僅能得知單點應力之缺點，研究上進行反射式光彈法來解析全場之殘留應力分佈，由於圓管銲接件並非平面結構需利用可以自由塑形的光彈液薄膜做為傳遞應力的介質，藉由鑽孔釋放光彈干涉條紋，配合影像處理技術可成功地反算圓管銲接件內部光彈條紋應力，獲得全域式的應力分佈量測之資訊。
有限元素數值分析於銲接模擬需要較大運算量，如遇硬體設備不足之情況，多道次覆層銲接的入熱量可利用等效能量法等效為單道次銲接入熱量，此方法於平板填料覆銲對接和本研究中的二道次圓管環縫填料對接之有限元素數值分析中得到驗證。

The measurement and analysis of the residual stress caused by the Girth-Butt welds is investigated on this research. The different distributions of the residual stress in the several conditions were studied under the different initial temperatures on the base metal and once or twice welding fillet on the pipes. This research explores experimentally and numerically the influence of the residual stress on the welded structure of the pipes.
The finite element analysis used the thermo-mechanical coupled elements of temperature dependent material properties, based on thermo-elastic-plastic theory. The procedure is sequentially following the heat transfer model and the thermal-mechanical model, respectively, resulting in the temperature field and the thermal stress field over time during the welding process of the girth-butt welds.
In terms of experimental measurement of residual stress, the drilling method and the photoelastic coating method are used in the study. The rosette strain-gage is attached to the weldment to measure the strain value released by the drilling. After drilling, the residual stress can be obtained inversely calculating from the strain value through analytical formulas. However, the residual stress is obtained pointwisely only by the drilling method. In order to obtain more information, the photoelastic coating method is used to measure the full-field residual stress distribution. The photoelastic coating is fabricated by the solvent-based liquid, which can be freely shaped. Then, the hole is drilled, and the photoelastic interference fringes are released as the medium for transmitting stress. After image processing the subtraction from the principal stresses of the pipe weldment is successfully analyzed to achieve on the photoelastic fringes the full-field measurement.
Because the finite element numerical analysis requires a large amount of calculation in welding simulation, in case of the shortage of hardware equipment, the equivalent energy method is developed to simulate efficiently by single welding fillet. The heat input of multi-layer welding can be calculated as the correspondent heat input of a single welding fillet. The equivalent energy method is validated by the finite element numerical analysis, in the cases of the plate butt welding and the pipe girth-butt welding.

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