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研究生： 簡巧玉
Ciao-Yu Jian
論文名稱： 標準必要專利限制授權最終產品製造商之合理性探討
The study on the Reasonableness of Limiting Licensing of Standard Essential Patents to End-Product Manufacturers
指導教授： 蔡鴻文
Hong-Wen Tsai
口試委員: 林季陽
Chi-Yang Lin
陳志遠
CHEN,CHIH-YUAN
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 應用科技學院 - 專利研究所
Graduate Institute of Patent
論文出版年： 2023
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 66
中文關鍵詞： 標準必要專利 、授權 、最終產品製造商 、透明度
外文關鍵詞： standard essential patents, licensing, end-product manufacturers, FRAND
相關次數： 點閱：169  下載：7 
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    • 標準必要專利政策應鼓勵在公平合理的條件下獲得標準必要專利授權，以確保標準必要專利創新和實施生態循環的運作，然在過去的二十年裡，以公平、合理和非歧視性條款授權標準必要專利的解釋與適用問題的戰爭在專利界造就烽火連天情況，此戰爭使產業中技術實施者和標準必要專利持有者間彼此間相互對立，進而這些產業標準必要專利紛爭又影響了現今各國法院如何解釋 「FRAND 承諾」與「標準必要專利授權計算」。近年新興的物聯網產業蓬勃發展其產生的標準必要專利的問題在2017年開始受到各國政府正視其嚴重程度，也考慮是否需由政府出手進行幹預，此種跨領域與跨行業標準必要專利糾紛未來將不只存在物聯網，將會隨著科技與技術的進步更加擴大其影響。不可諱言，標準必要專利授權仍然是本世紀挑戰全球專利制度的最大問題之一。本研究旨在探討標準必要專利限制授權最終產品製造商之合理性問題，並探討目前產業對於標準必要專利面臨的挑戰與困境。研究將從不同的供應鏈角度切入，從標準必要專利持有人、元件製造商與最終產品製造商角度，探討各方對標準必要專利限制授權的看法和立場。

    The policy regarding standard essential patents (SEPs) should encourage obtaining licenses for SEPs on fair and reasonable terms to ensure the functioning of innovation and implementation ecosystems. However, over the past two decades, the interpretation and application of fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms in licensing SEPs have sparked fierce battles within the patent community. These battles have led to a confrontational relationship between technology implementers and standard essential patent holders, subsequently affecting how courts interpret FRAND commitments and calculate SEP licensing. In recent years, the issues surrounding SEPs generated by the booming Internet of Things (IoT) industry have been increasingly recognized by governments worldwide, prompting considerations of government intervention to address the severity of these disputes, which transcend industries and domains. It is evident that SEP licensing remains one of the most significant challenges facing the global patent system in this century.
    This study aims to explore the reasonableness of limiting SEP licensing to final product manufacturers and examine the current challenges and dilemmas faced by the industry regarding SEPs. The research will adopt a multi-dimensional approach, considering perspectives from various players in the supply chain, including SEP holders, component manufacturers, and final product manufacturers, to investigate their views and positions on the restriction of SEP licensing.

    目錄 指導教授推薦書 I 學位考試委員審定書 II 中文摘要 III ABSTRACT IV 目錄 V 圖表索引 VII 第1章 緒論 1 1.1研究目的 3 1.2研究範圍 3 1.3研究方法 4 1.4文獻探討 4 1.5 論文架構 5 第2章產業標準組織 7 2.1技術標準的定義 7 2.2標準制定與形成的方式 7 2.2.1起源背景 7 2.2.2標準形成模式 8 2.3標準制定組織之智慧財產政策 9 2.3.1揭露義務 9 2.3.2合理授權條件 10 2.4 標準必要專利 10 第3章 標準必要專利與產業利用困境與挑戰 11 3.1標準必要專利之缺乏透明度問題 11 3.1.1 資訊不對稱理論 11 3.1.2是否為「必要」專利 12 3.1.3標準必要專利公開資訊複雜且判斷不易 15 3.1.4目前解決透明度問題不足之討論 16 3.2專利箝制(HOLD-UP) 17 3.3 FRAND授權條款爭議 18 3.3.1何謂符合FRAND授權 20 3.3.2無歧視是否代表應對所有有意願的供應商授權 21 3.4專利權利金堆疊 22 3.5目前各國政府對於標準必要專利之行動 23 3.5.1美國 23 3.5.2歐盟 24 3.6 從台灣產業看標準必要專利挑戰 25 3.6.1台灣產業現況 26 3.6.2從合約關係探討 27 3.6.3台灣面對標準必要專利之戰略 29 3.7小結 31 第4章 影響標準必要專利授權決定的因素 32 4.1供應鏈被授權主體 32 4.2從專利實施者與標準必要專利持有者之角度探討 34 4.2.1 標準必要專利實施者 34 4.2.2標準必要專利持有者 36 4.3授權效益分析 38 4.3.1行業通常授權模式 38 4.3.2交易成本與授權效率 39 4.3.3 適當的報酬 41 4.3.4 價格差異化 41 4.3.5 未經授權的元件製造商情形 42 4.3.6授權交易成本 42 4.4小結 43 第5章 案例探討- NOKIA V DAIMLER案件與衍生案件之探討 45 5.1案件背景概述 45 5.2 當事人各自主張 47 5.2.1Nokia主張 47 5.2.2 Daimler主張 48 5.4 案件爭點: 50 5.5 法院見解 51 5.6 本案後續與小結: 55 第6章 結論 58 參考文獻 61 中文部份 61 英文部份 62

    參考文獻
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