本研究以可靠度的分析手法─失效模式與效應分析(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis；FMEA)與其推廣的手法EFMEA(Expanded Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)作為研究的方法，比較EFMEA與FMEA應用於滅火器產品設計階段之評估。本研究介紹傳統FMEA與EFMEA之研究方法，其後於實證研究探討FMEA技術如何評估系統設計上潛在的失效模式，以及其對系統的影響，且針對系統關鍵潛在的失效模式，採取適當的措施，並以EFMEA改善傳統FMEA的缺失，使FMEA手法更為嚴謹。

We use two techniques of reliable analysis ─ FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), and the expanded way of FMEA, EFMEA (Expanded Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), to compare FMEA applying to the reliability of fire extinguishers with EFMEA does. This paper introduces traditional FMEA and EFMEA and then discusses how FMEA empirically measures the potential failure mode of designing system and the effects of system. Besides, according to the potential failure mode of system, we use EFMEA to improve traditional FMEA precisely.

[1]. 林雅惠撰，徐世輝指導，『FMEA與FTA技術於可靠度應用之研究』，國立台灣科技大學工業管理研究所碩士論文，民國八十八年六月。
[2]. 方鈞撰，『建構半導體製程改善之失效模式與效應分析架構及其應用研究』，清華大學工業工程與工程管理研究所碩士論文，民國87年。
[3]. 行政院原子能委員會核能研究所核子工程組安全評估分組 (1995)，『核能一、二、三廠功率運轉活態安全度評估報告』，報告編號：INER-A0060、0061、0062。
[4]. 行政院原子能委員會核能研究所核子工程組安全評估分組 (1998)，『核能一、二、三廠大修活態安全度評估報告』，報告編號：INER-A0063、0064、0065。
[5]. 李炎修、許芳勳 (1997)『提昇車輛研發可靠度工程技術』，中華民國第二屆可靠度與維護度技術研討會論文集，23-29頁。
[6]. 許芳勳、彭鴻霖 (1997)『失效模式、效應與關鍵性分析結果之應用』，中華民國第二屆可靠度與維護度技術研討會論文集，169-174頁。
[7]. 郭榮沛 (1995)，『失效模式與效應分析及其應用案例研討』，機械工業雜誌(84年元月號)：品質工程與精密量測專輯，137-148頁。
[8]. 簡榮村、許芳勳 (1995)，『機車產品課速資料可靠度分析』，中華民國第一屆可靠度與維護度技術研討會論文集，11-14頁。
[9]. 簡禎富、詹豐隆 (1998)，『生產組合策略之決策分析—以某半導體廠為例』，技術管理學刊，第三卷第一期，137-156頁。
[10].AGREE, “Reliability of Military Electronic Equipment”, 1957.
[11].AIAG, Reference manual: potential failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). AIAG, USA, 1995.
[12].Anand, A. and Somani, A. K., “Hierarchical Analysis of Fault Trees with Dependencies using Decomposition,” Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability symposium, 1998, pp. 69-75.
[13].Andrews, J. D. and Bartlett, L. M., “Efficient Basic Event Ordering for Binary Decision Diagrams,” Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability symposium, 1998, pp. 61-68.
[14].Bluvband, Z., Grabov, P. and Nakar, O., “Expanded FMEA (EFMEA),” Reliability and Maintainability, 2004 Annual Symposium-RAMS 26-29 Jan., pp. 31-36.
[15].Bluvband, Z., Polak, R. and Grabov, P., “TTBouncing failure analysis (BFA): the unified FTA-FMEA methodologyTT,” Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2005 Proceedings Annual Jan. 24-27, pp. 463 – 467.
[16].Bowles, J. B., “The New SAE FMECA Standard,” Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability symposium, 1998, pp. 48-56.
[17].Leang, S. and Spanos, C. J., “A General Equipment Diagnostic System and its Application on Photolithographic Sequences,” IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, Vol.10, No.3, 1997, pp. 329-343.
[18].Pickard, K., Muller, P. and Bertsche, B., “TTMultiple failure mode and effects analysis - an approach to risk assessment of multiple failures with FMEATT,” Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2005 Proceedings Annual Jan. 24-27, pp. 457 – 462.
[19].Price, C. J. and Taylor, N. S., “FMEA for Multiple Failure,” Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability symposium, 1998, pp. 43-47.
[20].Robin, E. M., Raymond, J. M. and Michael, R. B., “The Basics of FMEA,” 1996.
[21].Shankara, P., “Improving Manufacturing Reliability in IC Package Assembly Using the FMEA Technique,” IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 14, No. 3, September 1991.
[22].Sincell, J., Perez, R. J., Noone, P. and Oberhettinger, D., “Redundancy Verification Analysis – An Alternative to FMEA For Low Cost Missions,” Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability symposium, 1998, pp. 54-60.
[23].‘Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)’, QS-9000 Reference Manual, Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, 1995.
[24].‘Failure Mode and Effect Analysis’, 6σ Green Belt Workshop, AlliedSignal Inc., 1998.
[25].McBride, J. and Schleicher E. ‘Failure Mode(s) and Effect(s) Analysis (FMEA)’, McBride, Schleicher, & Associates, 2000.