結合HDR成像及RADIANCE以模擬都市環境中室內自然光的新方法

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研究生：	黃珮中 Pei-Chung Huang
論文名稱：	結合HDR成像及RADIANCE以模擬都市環境中室內自然光的新方法 A Novel Method Combining HDR Imaging and RADIANCE for Indoor Daylight Simulation in Urban Context
指導教授：	邱韻祥 Yun-Shang Chiou
口試委員:	江維華 Wei-Hwa Chiang 鄭政利 Cheng-Li Cheng 蔡欣君 Shin-Jyun Tsaih
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	設計學院 - 建築系 Department of Architecture
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	102
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	83
中文關鍵詞：	RADIANCE 、HDR Imaging 、Tregenza Patches 、Shadow-ring
外文關鍵詞：	RADIANCE, HDR Imaging, Tregenza Patches, Shadow-ring
相關次數：	點閱：182 下載：4
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Lighting is the most essential element of building energy consumption. Aesthetically
and sustainably good lighting design requires the combination of maximizing the daylight
availability and minimizing artificial lighting, which in turn greatly reduce the energy
consumption. Lighting simulation can be an effective method to predict the outcome of a
design. A quick and accurate simulation method becomes a necessity for designers and
architects. The objective of this thesis is to develop and validate a novel method for indoor
daylight simulation with commercially available tools. This method incorporates and strings
several techniques and devices that has been scientifically proven or validated, such as the
capturing, processing and analyzing of high dynamic range (HDR) images, the shadow-ring
apparatus, the method of acquiring material properties, and RADIANCE simulation tool.
The aim of this novel method is to provide a quick and accurate tool for both the architectural
designers and researchers.
The results indicate the significance of utilizing correct method of correcting the sky
distribution and how of material properties are acquired, which may improve the simulation
outcome by maximum of 29% and 20%, respectively. Most importantly, the method of
simulating with skydome image and virtual surroundings proves to be effective, improving
the performance of simulations from 5-23%, depending on the surrounding contexts’
complexity. The proposed simulation method is plausible.

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. iii
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... v
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ x
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... xii
Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1
Background and Motivation ................................................................................. 1
1.2
Objective and Research Outcomes ....................................................................... 2
1.3
Research Approach ............................................................................................... 3
Acquisition of 1.3.1 daylight information ...................................................... 3
1.3.2
Description of material properties ......................................................... 4
1.3.3
Implementation of the virtual model of surrounding geometry and
surface properties ................................................................................. 4
1.3.4
Application of alternative simulation procedure ................................... 4
1.4
Chapter Overview ................................................................................................. 5
Chapter 2 Literature Review .................................................................................................. 7
2.1
Acquisition of Daylight Luminance Distribution ................................................. 7
2.1.1
Image Based Rendering (IBR) and sky model ...................................... 7
2.1.2
HDR capture of the sun and sky ............................................................ 8
2.1.3
Shadow-ring ........................................................................................... 9
2.1.4
HDR image assembly and corrections ................................................... 9
2.1.5
Tregenza patches ................................................................................. 10
2.2
Acquisition of Material Properties ..................................................................... 10
2.2.1
Material property description .............................................................. 10
2.3
RADIANCE Simulation ..................................................................................... 11
2.3.1
RADIANCE simulation tool ............................................................... 11
2.3.2
rtcontrib ............................................................................................... 11
Chapter 3 Experiment Methodology ................................................................................... 13
3.1
Experiment Settings ............................................................................................ 13
3.1.1
Scale model .......................................................................................... 13
3.1.2
Phase 1: the effect of contextual complexity in daylighting simulations
........................................................................................................... 16
3.1.3
Phase 2: the efficacy of virtual representation of the real-world context
........................................................................................................... 18
3.1.3.1
Part I ..................................................................................... 18
3.1.3.2
Part II .................................................................................... 20
3.2
Applications of HDRi Technique ....................................................................... 20
3.2.1
View I: HDR capture of the model (interior) for luminance distribution
........................................................................................................... 21
3.2.2
View II and III: direct HDR capture of daylight information with
fisheye lens ........................................................................................ 22
3.2.2.1
View II: fenestration (vertical) luminance distribution ........ 23
3.2.2.2
View III: skydome (horizontal) luminance distribution ....... 24
3.3
RADIANCE Simulation ..................................................................................... 25
3.3.1
Scene descriptions ............................................................................... 26
3.3.1.1
Material properties ................................................................ 26
3.3.1.1.1
Simple materials ........................................ 27
3.3.1.1.2
Complex materials ..................................... 28
3.3.1.2
Scene geometries .................................................................. 29
3.3.1.3
Daylight luminance distribution ........................................... 30
3.3.2
Running RADIANCE .......................................................................... 30
3.4
Evaluation Methods ............................................................................................ 32
3.5
Special Notes ...................................................................................................... 33
Chapter 4 Empirical Evaluation and Validation .................................................................. 35
4.1
Indirect RGB Reflectance (IRR) vs. Direct Spectral Reflectance (DSR) .......... 36
4.1.1
Hypothesis of research problem .......................................................... 36
4.1.2
Overall comparisons ............................................................................ 36
4.1.3
By-quadrants comparisons .................................................................. 38
4.1.4
Summary of findings ........................................................................... 38
4.2
Geometric Correction Factor (GCF) vs. Localized Correction Factor (LCF) .... 39
4.2.1
Hypothesis of research problem .......................................................... 39
4.2.2
Overall comparisons ............................................................................ 40
4.2.3
By-quadrants comparisons .................................................................. 41
4.2.4
Summary of findings ........................................................................... 41
4.3
Phase 1: The Effect of Contextual Complexity in Daylighting Simulations ...... 41
4.3.1
Hypothesis of research problem .......................................................... 41
4.3.2
Overall comparisons ............................................................................ 43
4.3.3
By-quadrants comparisons .................................................................. 44
4.3.4
Summary of findings ........................................................................... 44
4.4
Phase 2: The Efficacy of Virtual Representation of Real-World Context ......... 45
4.4.1
Hypothesis of research problem .......................................................... 45
4.4.2
Overall comparisons ............................................................................ 48
4.4.3
By-quadrants comparisons .................................................................. 48
4.4.4
Summary of findings ........................................................................... 49
4.5
Validation: Efficacy of Virtual Context (VC). Phase 1 vs. Phase 2 .................. 50
4.5.1
Hypothesis of research problem .......................................................... 50
4.5.2
Overall comparisons ............................................................................ 51
4.5.3
Summary of findings ........................................................................... 51
4.6
Preliminary Conclusions ..................................................................................... 51
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Discussion ................................................................................. 53
5.1
Summary of Findings ......................................................................................... 53
5.2
Future Works ...................................................................................................... 54
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 57
Appendix 01a Shadow-Ring .................................................................................................. 61
A1a.1
Diagrams and Dimensions of Shadow-Ring .................................................. 61
A1a.2
Shadow-Ring Sliding Chart ........................................................................... 62
Appendix 01b Geometric Correction Factor ......................................................................... 63
A1b.1
Excel Spreadsheet .......................................................................................... 63
A1b.2
Formula for Correction .................................................................................. 64
Appendix 01c Localized Correction Factor ........................................................................... 67
Appendix 02 RADIANCE Commands .................................................................................. 69
A2.1
Main Procedure ................................................................................................ 69
A2.2
Predefined Files ............................................................................................... 70
A2.2.1
Material properties material.mat (indirect RGB reflectance) ..... 70
A2.2.2
Material properties material.mat (direct spectral reflectance) .... 71
A2.2.3
Sky description sky.rad .................................................................. 72
A2.2.4
View file viewfile.vf ................................................................... 72
A2.2.5
Option file option.opt ................................................................... 73
A2.2.6
BASH file apply_tresamp.bash ........................................................... 73
A2.2.7
Distribution file distribution.dat ............................................ 73
Appendix 03 Comprehensive Simulation Data ..................................................................... 75
A3.1
Indirect RGB Reflectance (IRR) vs. Direct Spectral Reflectance (DSR) ....... 75
A3.2
Geometric Correction Factor (GCF) vs. Localized Correction Factor (LCF) . 77
A3.3
Phase 1: The Effect of Contextual Complexity in Daylighting Simulations ... 79
A3.4
Phase 2: The Efficacy of Virtual Representation of Real-World Context ....... 80
A3.5
Validation: Efficacy of Virtual Context (VC), Phase 1 vs. Phase 2 ................ 82

                                

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