運動鞋品之結構設計與計算力學技術開發研究｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	周姝妤 Shu-Yu Jhou
論文名稱：	運動鞋品之結構設計與計算力學技術開發研究 Development of the Computational Simulation Techniques for Athletic Footwear Biomechanics and Structural Designs
指導教授：	徐慶琪 Ching-Chi Hsu
口試委員:	林峻立 Chun-Li Lin 張家豪 Jia-Hao Chang 趙振綱 Ching-Kong Chao 許維君 Wei-Chun Hsu, 徐慶琪 Ching-Chi Hsu
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	應用科技學院 - 應用科技研究所 Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
論文出版年：	2023
畢業學年度：	111
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	179
中文關鍵詞：	有限元素分析、運動鞋、抓地力、折彎靈活性、吸震性能、晶格結構
外文關鍵詞：	footwear, traction, bending flexibility, shock absorption,
相關次數：	點閱：274 下載：0
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現今受益於人們對運動及健康意識的提升，帶動全球運動鞋市場快速發展及增大其市場需求。有別傳統的產品開發流程，透過數位化模式，將3D 列印、數位建模及有限元素分析等技術導入製鞋業，可縮短產品開發至上市時間、提升製程及設計上的彈性、提高產品品質及競爭力。此外，以有限元素分析技術模擬鞋品功能性測試，可有效減少傳統打樣測試的數量、時間及成本。本論文的目的為建立有限元素分析模型來評估運動鞋之抓地力、折彎靈活性及緩衝吸震能力之表現。
在運動鞋抓地力分析中，透過足底壓力量測系統收取行進中之足底壓力分佈，並將此數據做為模擬之受力條件，探討不同鞋底紋路樣式對摩擦力及實際接觸面積之影響。由電腦數值模擬結果得知在乾式止滑情況下，摩擦力與實際接觸面積有線性正相關關係，鞋底紋路的夾角、寬度設計、幾何形狀及其擺放方向皆會影響摩擦力。
在運動鞋中底折彎分析中，建立四種不同溝槽設計之中底模型，計算其彎曲力矩及應力，藉此探討中底溝槽設計及折彎軸對折彎性能及耐用度的影響。由電腦數值模擬結果得知在中底加入溝槽設計可減少彎曲力矩，增加其折彎靈活度。針對三種不同的溝槽設計可得知，較寬及長且方向沿著折彎軸的溝槽設計有較佳的折彎靈活度及耐用度。
在三維列印晶格結構之中底元件衝擊分析中，利用有限元素顯式求解法計算晶格結構受衝擊時之變形量及沖頭加速度，藉此探討晶格結構設計對緩衝性能的影響。由電腦數值模擬結果得知將微結構直徑尺寸縮小、改變晶格結構樣式設計、整體微結構高度增加，這些參數改變都會增加晶格結構之吸震性能。此外，不同於單一晶格樣式排列之多層晶格結構，混合晶格樣式排列之多層晶格結構可在結構受衝擊時同時兼顧變形量及吸震性能。
本論文之研究成果可提供給製鞋產業於產品開發前期應用的依據，並使產品開發設計者不僅能優化產品性能也能提升開發效率。

With the rising concern towards exercising and increasing health consciousness, the demand for athlete footwear products has accelerated worldwide. The digital product development process, including three-dimensional (3D) printing and computational modelling with finite element analysis (FEA), has become a promising solution for manufacturing previously impossible geometries, optimizing the product performance and manufacturing process, and achieving faster time to market. Furthermore, the use of FEA enables the footwear industry to simulate the functionalities of athletic footwear without the necessity to manufacture physical prototypes. This thesis detailes the development of the FEA process, evaluating the performance of footwear traction, bending flexibility, and shock absorption.
To begin with traction analysis, an approach that integrated digital sculpting technology and the finite element method with gait analysis was employed to evaluate the traction performance of athletic footwear under subject-specific loading. The friction force and actual contact area between the shoe and the ground during the gait were predicted. The results suggested that both the tread design, geometric shape, and orientation contributed to the friction force in dry condition.
For the bending analysis, the midsoles with different groove cut designs were developed to investigate how the groove cut affected their bending response by predicting their bending moment and von-Mises stress. Overall, adding a groove cut could improve the flexibility of the midsole. The results suggested that a midsole with a wider and longer groove cut aligned with the bending axis could achieve better flexibility and durability.
In the shock absorption analysis, explicit FEA was used to simulate the dynamic impact response of various 3D printed lattice structures. The shock absorption capability of lattice structures was quantified by predicting their deformation and g-max score under an impact load. The results suggested that reducing the strut diameter, altering the strut length and number, or increasing the structural height of the single-cell morphology lattice designs could improve their shock absorption capability. Furthermore, multi-morphology lattice designs would be the solution to achieve both a lower g-max score and without significantly increasing their deformation.
The FEA process presented in this thesis can be adopted in the footwear industry for product development in the early design phases to optimize footwear design in a more efficient and less costly product development process.

中文摘要    I
Abstract    II
Acknowledgements    III
List of Abbreviations    IV
Chapter 1.    Introduction    1
1    Research Content    1
2    Research Aim and Objectives    2
3    Structure of the Thesis    2
Chapter 2.    Literature Review    4
1    Introduction of Athlete Footwear    4
1.1    Anatomy of Athlete Footwear    4
1.2    The Function Requirement of an Athlete Footwear    5
2    Introduction of 3D Printed Lattice Structure    6
2.1    3D Printed Technique    6
2.2    Lattice Structure    10
3    Introduction of Finite Element Method    11
3.1    Implicit Solution Method    13
3.2    Explicit Solution Method    13
4    The FEA and Experimental Measurement in Footwear Design    14
4.1    Footwear Traction Analysis    14
4.2    Footwear Shock Absorption Analysis    17
4.3    Footwear Flexibility Analysis    19
5    The FEA and Experimental Measurement in Shock Absorption of 3D                                              Printed Lattice Structure    22
6    Summery    23
Chapter 3.    A Computational Simulation Combing Plantar Pressure Footprint for Athlete Footwear Traction Analysis    25
1    Introduction    25
2    Aim and Objectives    25
3    Study Design    26
4    Dynamic Plantar Pressure Measurement    26
4.1    Human Gait Cycle    27
4.2    Experiment Equipment    29
4.3    Subject and Experiment Protocol    30
4.4    Data Processing and Analysis    30
5    Finite Element Analysis    33
5.1    Development of Shoe-ground Model    33
5.2    Finite Element Modelling    36
5.3    Simulated Condition and Data Output    38
5.4    Convergence Analysis    41
5.5    Finite Element Results    42
6    Mechanical Standard Test    45
6.1    Measurement Device    45
6.2    Testing Specimen and Floor    46
6.3    Operating Procedure    47
6.4    The Results of Friction Measurement    48
7    Experimental-computational Correlation    49
8    Discussion    49
9    Summary    51
Chapter 4.    Application of Finite Element Analysis Combing Plantar Pressure Footprint to Evaluate the Footwear Traction Performance.    53
1    Introduction    53
2    Aim and Objectives    53
3    Case study 1: The Predictive Friction Force and Actual Contact Area of Computational Footwear Model with Different Tread Patterns    54
3.1    Introduction    54
3.2    Material and Methods    54
3.3    Results    57
3.4    Discussion    60
3.5    Summary    61
4    Case study 2: A Comparison of the Tread Geometry Shape in Footwear Traction Performance    62
4.1    Introduction    62
4.2    Material and Methods    62
4.3    Results    65
4.4    Discussion    66
4.5    Summary    67
5    Case study 3: A Comparison of Different Simulation Modelling Methods in Footwear Traction Analysis    67
5.1    Introduction    68
5.2    Material and Methods    68
5.3    Results    74
5.4    Discussion    77
5.5    Summary    77
6    Chapter Summary    78
Chapter 5.    A Computational Simulation Process for Athletic Footwear Bending Stiffness Analysis    79
1    Introduction    79
2    Aim and Objectives    79
3    Experiment Procedure for Determination of Stress–strain Curves    80
4    Finite Element Approach    81
4.1    Finite Element Modelling    81
4.2    Simulation Conditions and Data Output    83
4.3    Convergence Analysis    85
4.4    Finite Element Results    86
5    Discussion    89
6    Summary    90
Chapter 6.    A Computational Simulation Process for the Shock Absorption Capability Analysis of 3D Printed Midsole Component under Dynamic Impact    91
1    Introduction    91
2    Aim and Objectives    91
3    Explicit Finite Element Analysis    92
3.1    Design of Lattice Structure    92
3.2    Finite Element Modelling    95
3.3    Dynamic Simulation and Data Processing    98
3.4    Convergence Analysis    100
3.5    Finite Element Results    101
4    Mechanical Shock Absorption Standard Test    104
4.1    Measurement Device    104
4.2    Specimens Fabrication    105
4.3    Operating Procedure    107
4.4    The Results of Mechanical Test Measurement    107
5    Experimental-computational Correlation    109
6    Discussion    110
7    Summary    112
Chapter 7.    Application of Dynamic Shock Absorption Analysis    114
1    Introduction    114
2    Aim and Objectives    114
3    Case study 1: The Comparison of Material Property in Shock Absorption and Collapse Response of Sandwich Structures under Dynamic Impact    114
3.1    Introduction    115
3.2    Material and methods    115
3.3    Results    116
3.4    Discussion    119
3.5    Summary    119
4    Case study 2: Shock Absorption Capability of Sandwich Structure with the Multi-Morphology Lattice Core under Dynamic Impact    120
4.1    Introduction    120
4.2    Material and Methods    121
4.3    Results    124
4.4    Discussion    129
4.5    Summary    129
5    Chapter Summary    130
Chapter 8.    Conclusion and Future Work    131
1    Conclusion    131
2    Future Work    132
2.1    Influence of Ground Conditions on Traction Performance    132
2.2    Representative Loading Conditions    132
2.3    Additional Experimental Validation for FEA    132
2.4    Further Development of Modelling Techniques    133
2.5    Practical Application of Lattice Structure    133
Reference        134
Appendix A Plantar pressure data processing    148
Step 1    Plantar pressure data export    148
Step 2    Regions of interest identification    150
Step 3    Development of corresponding regions on FE insole model    151
Step 4    Plantar pressure data recalculation    152
Step 5    Contact pressure data reordering    153


                                

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