本論文主旨為優化線性型光纖雷射，首先簡介掺鉺光纖雷射的原理。本論文將利用模擬與實驗來得到線性型掺鉺光纖雷射的最佳參數。。由於Fibercoer公司所公開的掺鉺光纖參數中，但掺鉺光纖之飽和參數為其重要的參數卻未公開。因此本論文間接得到飽合參數為 。利用數學方程式來進行模擬為目前大多數所採用的方法，但利用數學方程式只能得到最後雷射輸出結果，並不能知道光訊號在共振腔內所產生的變化。因此利用Optisystem 6.0來解釋動作原理，並利用圖示更加淺顯易懂。線性型光纖雷射分為前向式架構與後向式架構，接著進而比較此兩種的優劣。前向架構與後向架構的掺鉺光纖長度皆為5m、泵激光源皆為100mW、光纖光柵之反射率皆為50%時，後向式架構的斜線效率為20%；臨界功率為4.5mW；雷射輸出功率為19mW。其特性後向式架構接優於前向式架構。線性型掺鉺光纖的架構種類繁多，因此再跟著介紹線性型掺鉺光纖雷射的演化，從傳統型雙光纖光柵到最後本論文所採用的含BFm與光纖光柵之後向式線性型掺鉺光纖雷射。由實驗與模擬得知掺鉺光纖長度最佳為5m至8m，光纖光柵之反射率最佳為17.5~25%。掺鉺光纖長度為5m與光纖光柵之反射率為20%時，波長為1582nm的斜線效率為33%；臨界功率為4.9mW；雷射輸出功率為30mW，波長為1596nm的斜線效率為25.1%；臨界功率為6mW；雷射輸出功率為23.6mW。後向式線性型掺鉺光纖雷射要擴展至波長可調之掺鉺光纖雷射時，雖然掺鉺光纖長度選擇使用最佳之長度，但光纖光柵之反射率卻是選擇50%，並非選擇最佳之反射率。此因為波長可調的範圍會受光纖光柵之反射率影響。反射率為20%時，波長可調範圍為6nm；反射率為50%時，波長可調範圍為13nm。因此若要波長可調範圍為較大時，則反射率需選擇50%。

The thesis investigates the optimization of linear-cavity erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) both in simulation and experiment. The thesis also discusses several parameters which usually not be released by Fiber developed companies likes Fibercore© and so on. The simulation tool here is Optisystem 6.0 and the saturation parameter we suggested is . Based on the mathematical formula, the final output power could be obtained and the light intensity along the cavity could be tracked after parameters are setted. Hereafter, experimentally study the EDFL both in forward pumping and backward pumping schemes are investigated. The length of gain fiber, the pump laser, reflectivity of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are 6 M, 100 mW and 50%, respectively. We conclude that the backward pump EDFL has better charactersitics in threshold power and lasing output power than those of the forward pump EDFL. Based on the experimental and simulated results, the most suitable length of EDF is suggested to be 5 to 8m, and the optimum reflectivity of FBG is around 21%. Using a FBG with a center wavelength of 1582 nm, as well as 5M EDF and FBG of 20% reflectivity, a slope efficiency of 33% in 4.9mW threshold power and 30mW laser output power are achieved. Using a FBG with a center wavelength of 1596 nm, the values of them will be 25.1%, 6 mW and 23.6 mW, respectivwly. The fixed-wavelength EDFL structure could be extended into a tunable-type EDFL in the same EDF length while the optimum reflectivity of tunable FBG will be changed to around 50% under the consideration of the extending of tunable range of FBG. For example, the allowable wavelength tunable range are 6nm and 13nm when the reflectivities of FBGs are 20% and 50%, respectively.

[1]廖顯奎譯，光纖通訊，高立圖書有限公司，2005。
[2]G. Keiser, FTTx Concepts And Application, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[3]洪寬綸，“建構於光纖光柵之光纖雷射、光感測與光監控技術之研究，” 國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2006。
[4]鐘國興，“建構於光纖光柵之光纖雷射研製，”國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2007。
[5]G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, Tata McGRAW HILL, 2008.
[6]P. W. milonni and J. H. Eberly, Lasers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
[7]陳宣臣，“波長可調光纖光柵之研製與應用，”國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2004。
[8]相偉龍，“長波段光纖雷射之研製，”國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2007。
[9]L. Xiao , P. Yan, m. Gong, W. Wei and P. Ou, “An approximate analytic solution of strongly pumped Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers without neglecting the scattering loss, ” Opt. Commun., vol. 230, pp.401-410, 2004.
[10]N. S. Kim, T. Hamada, M. Prabhu, C. Li, J. Song, K. I. Ueda , A. Liu , H. Jin Kong, “Numerical analysis and experimental results of output performance for Nd-doped double-clad fiber lasers, ” Opt. Commun., vol. 180, pp.329-337, 2000.
[11]A. J. Poustie and N. Finlayson, “Multiwavelength fiber laser using a spatial mode beating filter, ” Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp.716-718, 1994.
[12]G. A. Ball and W. H. Glenn, “Design of a single-mode linear-cavity erbium fiber laser utilizing Bragg reflectors,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 10, pp. 1338–1343, 1992.
[13]王俊容，“光纖光柵與光循環器組成之光纖雷射，”國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2005。
[14]P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, Fundamentals and Technology. New York: Academic, 1999.
[15]B. J. Ainslie, “A review of the fabrication and properties of erbium-doped fibers for optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol.9, pp. 220-238, 1991.
[16]Y. Sun, J. L. Zyskind, and A. K. Srivastava, “Average inversion level, modeling, and physics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” J. Select. Areas Quantum Electron, vol.3, pp.997-1007, 1997.
[17]C. R. Giles and E. Desurvire, “Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 9, pp. 271–283, 1991.
[18]E. maurice, G. Monnom, B. Dussardier, and D. B. Ostrowsky, “Clustering-induced nonsaturable absorption phenomenon in heavily erbiumdoped silica fibers,” Opt. Lett., vol. 20, no. 24, pp. 2487–2489, 1995.
[19]F. Auzel and P. Goldner, “Towards rare-earth clustering control in doped glasses. ” Elsevier Science, vol. 16, pp. 93-103, 2001.
[20]C. Barnard, P. Myslinski, J. Chrostowski, and M. Kavehrad, “Analytical model for rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol. 30, pp. 1817–1830, 1994.
[21]T. Erdogan, “Fiber Grating Spectra, ” J. Lightwave Techno., vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1277-1294, 1997.
[22]M. J. F. Digonnet, Ed., Rare Earth Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers. New York: marcel Dekker, 1993.
[23]S. Bordais, S. Grot, Y. Jaouën, P. Besnard, and M. L. Flohic, “Double-clad 10-W Yb3+-doped fiber master oscillator power fiber amplifier for He3+ optical pumping,” Applied Optics, vol. 43, no. 10, 2004.
[24]J. Hecht, Understanding Fiber Optics, Prentice Hall, 1999.
[25]S.-K Liaw, G.-S. Jhong, “Tunable Fiber Laser Using a Broad-Band Fiber mirror and a Tunable FBG as Laser-Cavity Ends,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 520-527, 2008.
[26]S. K. Liaw, O. Seung and C. L. Lai, “L band Tunable Fiber Laser based on Mirror Reflector and Tunable Fiber Bragg Gratings,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, in processing.
[27]G. A. Ball and W. W. Morey, “Continuously tunable single-mode erbium fiber laser, ” Opt. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 420–422, 1992.
[28]G. A. Ball, C. E. Holton, G. Hull-Allen, and W. W. Morey, “60 mW 1:5 _m single frequency low noise fiber laser mOPA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, pp. 192–194, 1994.
[29]W.H. Loh, B.N. Samson, L. Dong, G. J. Cowle, K. Hsu, “High Performance Single Frequency Fiber Grating-Based Erbium: Ytterbium-Codoped Fiber Lasers,” J. Lightwave Technol. vol. 16, pp. 114-118, 1998.
[30]G. A. Ball and W. H. Glenn, “Design of a single-mode linear-cavity erbium fiber laser utilizing Bragg reflectors,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 10, pp. 1338–1343, 1992.
[31]L. A. Coldren and S. W. Corzine, Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
[32]K. O. Hill and G. Meltz, “Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 15, pp. 1263–1276, 1997.
[33]S. H. Chang, I. K. Hwang, B. Y. Kim, and H. G. Park, “Widely tunable single-frequency Er-doped fiber laser with long linear cavity,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 287–289, 2001.
[34]S.-K. Liaw, W. Y. Jang, C.-J. Wang, and K. L. Hung, “Pump efficiency improvement of a C-band tunable fiber laser using optical circulator and tunable fiber gratings,” Applied Optics, vol. 46, no. 12, 2007 .
[35]S. Yamashita and M. Nishihara, “L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier incorporating an inline fiber grating laser,” IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. , vol. 7, pp. 44–48, 2001.
[36]J. M. Oh, H. B. Choi, D. Lee, S. J. Ahn, and S. B. Lee, “Demonstration of highly efficient flat-gain L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by incorporating a fiber Bragg grating,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 1258–1260, Sept. 2002.
[37]A. D. Kersey, M. A. Davis, H. J. Patrick, M. LeBlanc, K. P. Koo, C.G. Askins, M. A. Putnam, and E. J. Friebele, “Fiber grating sensor,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 15, pp. 1442–1463, 1997.
[38]F. T. S. Yu and S. Yin, Fiber optic sensors. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2002.
[39]P. C. Peng, H. Y. Tseng, and S. Chi, “Long-distance FBG sensor system using a linear-cavity fiber Raman laser scheme,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 575 -577, 2004.
[40]Y. Zhao, C Yu, Y Liao,“ Differential FBG sensor for temperature-compensated high-pressure (or displacement) measurement (or displacement) measurement,” Elsevier, Optics and Laser Technol., vol. 36, pp39-42, 2004.
[41]W. Bickford, Mechanics of Solid: Concepts and applications, IRWIN, 1994.
[42]江家慶，“以內埋式光纖光柵感測器監測碳纖維複合材料之疲勞損傷，”國立台灣大學博士論文，2004。
[43]D. Marcuse, Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguides, Academic Press, 1974.
[44]R. Kashyap, Fiber Bragg Gratings, Academic Press, 1999.
[45]M. Leblanc, S. Y. Huang, M. Ohn, R. M. Measures, A. Guemes, and A. Othonos “Distributed strain measurement based on a fibre Bragg grating and its reflection spectrum analysis,”