簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： Angaw Abay
Angaw Abay
論文名稱： Catalytic Reduction of Selected Organic Contaminants Using Oxysulfide-Based Catalyst
Catalytic Reduction of Selected Organic Contaminants Using Oxysulfide-Based Catalysts
指導教授： 郭東昊
Dong-Hau Kuo
口試委員: 郭東昊
Dong-Hau Kuo
Ren-Kae Shiue
Ren-Kae Shiue
何清華
Ching-Hwa Ho
陳詩芸
Shih-Yun Chen
Yung-Kang Kuo
Yung-Kang Kuo
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2017
畢業學年度： 105
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 213
中文關鍵詞： V-doped Bi2(O,S)3 、CuNiOS 、Reduction reaction 、organic pollutants
外文關鍵詞： V-doped Bi2(O,S)3, CuNiOS, Reduction reaction, organic pollutants
相關次數： 點閱：179  下載：0 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  •  上一筆

    • Water contamination caused by the release of nitroaromatic species and dyes in effluents is one of the most alarming menaces to the healthy green environment. Complete removal of such harmful organic pollutants is required to have a healthy environment and enables to make water healthy for different purposes. Unfortunately, conventional wastewater treatment methods can not eliminate entirely all these contaminants in water. Recently, the applications of catalytic reduction process for organic pollutant treatments, for example, toxic dyes and nitro-aromatic pollutants in wastewater have gained immense research interest as a promising technique for wastewater treatment owing to its low cost, the simplicity of design, ease of operation, and efficacy in removing the hazardous organic pollutants.
    The main objective of this study is to explore a new type of convenient, and environmentally friendly, vanadium doped bismuth oxysulfide and copper nickel oxysulfide solid solution catalysts for the reduction of organic pollutants with a focus on commonly employed organic dye and nitroaromatic compounds.
    In this research work, a novel and noble metal-free vanadium doped bismuth oxysulfide and copper nickel oxysulfide catalysts have been successfully fabricated by using a simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly and low-temperature solution-based method. The structures, morphologies and the optical properties of the obtained solid solution catalysts were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area techniques. Furthermore, UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize and analyze performance of the as-prepared catalyst systems.
    The overall study of this thesis can be divided into two parts. In the first part, the catalytic performance of vanadium doped bismuth oxysulfide catalysts was investigated by using model dyes and nitroaromatic compounds in the presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent at room temperature. This work is the first report for bismuth-based oxysulfide nanoparticles which employed as a catalyst for reduction of commonly used organic dyes and nitroaromatic compounds.
    The data showed that the introduction of V can improve the catalytic performance, and 20%V-Bi2(O, S)3 was found to be the optimal V doping concentration for the reduction of 2-NA, MB and RhB dyes. For comparative purpose, V-free Bi2(O, S)3 oxysulfide material was synthesized and tested as the catalyst. The superior activity of V-doped Bi2 (O,S)3 over pure Bi2(O, S)3 was ascribed mainly to an increase in active sites of the material. The presence of V5+ as found from XPS analysis, may interact with Bi atoms and enhance the catalytic activity of the sample. In the catalytic reduction of 2-NA, MB and RhB, the obtained V-doped Bi2(O, S)3 oxysulfide catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity as compared with other reported catalysts. Furthermore, this highly efficient, low-cost and easily reusable V-doped Bi2(O, S)3 catalyst is anticipated to be of great potential in catalysis in the future.
    In the second part of our work, we report the design and synthesis a novel CuNiOS catalyst as a highly efficient noble metal free oxysulfide nanoparticles for catalytic reductions of 4-nitrophenol, Methyl blue, and Rhodamine-B organic pollutants. The results achieved from ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy indicated that CuNiOS-0.6 prepared with a Cu: Ni precursor mole ratio of 1:0.6 had the best catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-NP, MB, and RhB in comparison to other CuNiOS species at different compositions and the monometallic catalyst (CuOS) due to synergistic effects. In addition, the CuNiOS-0.6 catalyst is also better than other CuNiOS ones due to the presence of optimum amounts of Ni in CuNiOS sample. Thus, the present approach provides a promising way to fabricate different noble metal free bimetallic oxysulfide catalysts for extensive applications in catalysis and reduction/removal of other organic pollutants.

    Water contamination caused by the release of nitroaromatic species and dyes in effluents is one of the most alarming menaces to the healthy green environment. Complete removal of such harmful organic pollutants is required to have a healthy environment and enables to make water healthy for different purposes. Unfortunately, conventional wastewater treatment methods can not eliminate entirely all these contaminants in water. Recently, the applications of catalytic reduction process for organic pollutant treatments, for example, toxic dyes and nitro-aromatic pollutants in wastewater have gained immense research interest as a promising technique for wastewater treatment owing to its low cost, the simplicity of design, ease of operation, and efficacy in removing the hazardous organic pollutants.
    The main objective of this study is to explore a new type of convenient, and environmentally friendly, vanadium doped bismuth oxysulfide and copper nickel oxysulfide solid solution catalysts for the reduction of organic pollutants with a focus on commonly employed organic dye and nitroaromatic compounds.
    In this research work, a novel and noble metal-free vanadium doped bismuth oxysulfide and copper nickel oxysulfide catalysts have been successfully fabricated by using a simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly and low-temperature solution-based method. The structures, morphologies and the optical properties of the obtained solid solution catalysts were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area techniques. Furthermore, UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize and analyze performance of the as-prepared catalyst systems.
    The overall study of this thesis can be divided into two parts. In the first part, the catalytic performance of vanadium doped bismuth oxysulfide catalysts was investigated by using model dyes and nitroaromatic compounds in the presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent at room temperature. This work is the first report for bismuth-based oxysulfide nanoparticles which employed as a catalyst for reduction of commonly used organic dyes and nitroaromatic compounds.
    The data showed that the introduction of V can improve the catalytic performance, and 20%V-Bi2(O, S)3 was found to be the optimal V doping concentration for the reduction of 2-NA, MB and RhB dyes. For comparative purpose, V-free Bi2(O, S)3 oxysulfide material was synthesized and tested as the catalyst. The superior activity of V-doped Bi2 (O,S)3 over pure Bi2(O, S)3 was ascribed mainly to an increase in active sites of the material. The presence of V5+ as found from XPS analysis, may interact with Bi atoms and enhance the catalytic activity of the sample. In the catalytic reduction of 2-NA, MB and RhB, the obtained V-doped Bi2(O, S)3 oxysulfide catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity as compared with other reported catalysts. Furthermore, this highly efficient, low-cost and easily reusable V-doped Bi2(O, S)3 catalyst is anticipated to be of great potential in catalysis in the future.
    In the second part of our work, we report the design and synthesis a novel CuNiOS catalyst as a highly efficient noble metal free oxysulfide nanoparticles for catalytic reductions of 4-nitrophenol, Methyl blue, and Rhodamine-B organic pollutants. The results achieved from ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy indicated that CuNiOS-0.6 prepared with a Cu: Ni precursor mole ratio of 1:0.6 had the best catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-NP, MB, and RhB in comparison to other CuNiOS species at different compositions and the monometallic catalyst (CuOS) due to synergistic effects. In addition, the CuNiOS-0.6 catalyst is also better than other CuNiOS ones due to the presence of optimum amounts of Ni in CuNiOS sample. Thus, the present approach provides a promising way to fabricate different noble metal free bimetallic oxysulfide catalysts for extensive applications in catalysis and reduction/removal of other organic pollutants.

    Acknowledgements -----------------------------------------------------------------------i Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv Table of contents vii List of figures xiii List of tables------------------------------------------------------------------------------xxiii List of schemes xxiv List of scronyms and symbols xxv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background of the study 1 1.2. Wastewater treatment processes 3 1.2.1. Biological treatments 3 1.2.2 Physico-chemical treatment 3 1.2.2.1. Membrane separation 3 1.2.2.2. Coagulation or flocculation 4 1.2.2.3. Adsorption 4 1.2.3. Photocatalytic degradation 4 1.2.4. Catalytic reduction 5 1.2.4.1. Reduction reaction by heterogeneous catalysts 5 1.3. Objectives of this Study 8 1.4. Thesis Structure 9 Chapter 2. Basic theory and literature review-----------------------------------------10 2.1. Heterogeneous catalysis 10 2.1.1. Metal oxide catalysts 12 2.1.2. Metal sulfide catalysts 13 2.1.3. Bimetallic catalysts 13 2.1.4. Oxysulfide-based catalysts 14 2.2. Literature review 17 2.2.1. Heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction reaction 17 2.2.2. Oxide-based catalysts for reduction/photodegradation of organic dyes or nitro aromatic compounds 18 2.2.2.1. CuO nanoparticle catalyst 18 2.2.2.2. Hierarchical Cu/Fe3O4 nanocatalysts 20 2.2.2.3. Bi25VO40 microcube catalyst 22 2.2.2.4. rGO-ZnWO4-Fe3O4 nanocomposite catalyst 24 2.2.2.5. Cu2O octahedrons on h BN nanosheet catalyst 25 2.2.2.6. Porous Bi2O3 nanosphere catalyst 28 2.2.2.7. MFe2O4 (M = Ni, Cu, Zn) nano ferrite catalysts 30 2.2.2.8. Cu/CuO-TiO2 catalysts 32 2.2.2.9. Vanadium-doped iron oxide catalysts 35 2.2.3. Sulfide-based catalysts 38 2.2.3.1. Flowerlike Bi2S3 microsphere catalyst 38 2.2.3.2. Bi2S3 nanostructure catalyst 40 2.2.3.3. CuS nanoparticle catalyst 43 2.2.3.4. Flower-like Bi2S3/Cu7.2S4 composite catalyst 45 2.2.3.5. Bi2S3 spheres and CuS/Bi2S3 composite nanostructure catalyst 47 2.2.3.6. Sn-doped Bi2S3 microsphere catalyst 50 2.2.3.7. Three-dimensional CuS catalyst. 51 2.2.3.8. Nickel sulfide nanoparticles catalyst 52 2.2.3.9. Ni-doped CuS nanoparticle catalyst 53 2.2.3.10. CuS nanostructure catalyst 55 2.2.4. Bimetallic-based catalysts 55 2.2.4.1. Bimetallic nickel/copper nanowire catalyst 56 2.2.4.2. Bimetallic CuNi nanocrystal catalyst 58 2.2.4.3. CuNi nanoparticle on rGO catalyst 60 2.2.4.4. Bimetallic NixPd100-x nanocatalyst 62 2.2.5. Oxysulfide-based catalyst 64 2.2.5.1. Nanoflower Bimetal CuMnOS Oxysulfide Catalyst 64 2.2.5.1. Zinc oxysulfide (ZnOxS1-x) composite catalyst 66 2.2. Model contaminants and Sources 67 Chapter 3. Experimental section and characterization 70 3.1. Experimental section 70 3.1.1. Chemicals and reagents 70 3.1.2. Synthesis of catalysts 71 3.1.2.1. Synthesis of vanadium-doped bismuth oxysulfide catalysts with various contents of vanadium (V) precursor 71 3.1.2.2. Preparation of copper nickel oxysulfide (CuNiOS) catalysts with various contents of Ni precursor. 73 3.2. Characterization techniques 74 3.2.1. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis 74 3.2.2. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis --------------------------------------------76 3.2.3. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. 77 3.2.4. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Analysis 79 3.2.5. DiffuseReflectance UV-visAbsorption (DRS UV-Vis) Measurement 80 3.2.6. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 82 3.2.7. Brunauer –Emmette –Teller (BET) analysis 83 3.2.8. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 84 Chapter 4. A new V-doped Bi2(O,S)3 oxysulfide catalyst for highly efficient catalytic reduction of 2-nitroaniline and organic dyes 89 4.1. Introduction 89 4.2. Experimental approach 91 4.2.1. Catalytic activity measurement 91 4.3. Results and Discussion 92 4.3.1. XRD and Raman analyses 92 4.3.2. SEM observation and EDX analysis 93 4.3.3. TEM observation and EDS mapping analysis 95 4.3.4. XPS analysis 97 4.3.5. BET measurement 99 4.3.6. Catalysis of the nitro compound and dyes reduction over V-doped Bi2(O,S)3 100 4.3.6.1. Catalytic reduction of 2-nitroaniline 100 4.3.6.2. Catalytic reduction of methylene blue 106 4.3.6.3. Catalytic reduction of Rhodamine B 109 4.3.7. Reusability of 20%V-Bi2(O,S)3 catalyst for the 2-NA reduction reaction 112 4 3.8. Catalytic reduction mechanism 114 4.4. Section conclusions 117 Chapter 5. A highly efficient noble metal free copper-nickel oxysulfidenanoparticles for catalytic reductions of 4-nitrophenol, Methyl blue, and Rhodamine B organic pollutants 119 5.1. Introduction 119 5.2. Experimental approach 120 5.2.1. Catalytic activity measurement 120 5.2.1.1. Catalytic reduction of 4-NP 120 5.2.1.2. Catalytic reduction of organic dyes 120 5.3. Results and Discussion 121 5.3.1. XRD and FTIR analyses 121 5.3.2. SEM observation and EDX analysis 123 5.3.3. TEM observation, SAED, and EDX mapping analysis 124 5.3.4. Surface and Optical Study 127 5.3.5. Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol 130 5.3.6. Catalytic reduction of methylene blue dye 133 5.3.7. Catalytic reduction of Rhodamine B dye 135 5.3.8. Reusability of CuNiOS-0.6 catalyst for the RhB reduction reaction 138 5.3.9. Proposed mechanism of 4-NP over the CuNiOS-0.6 catalyst to 4-AP 142 5.4. Section conclusions 144 Chapter 6. Conclusions and Future Work 146 6.1. Concluding comments 146 6.2. Suggestions for future work 149 References -------------------------------------------------------------------------------151 List of research papers 181

    [1] S. Singh, K.C. Barick, D. Bahadur, Functional Oxide Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 3 (2013). DOI: 10.5772/57237
    [2] Q. Sun, M. Liu, K. Li, Y. Han, Y. Zuo, F. Chai, C. Song, G. Zhang, X. Guo, Synthesis of Fe/M (M = Mn, Co, Ni) bimetallic metal organic frameworks and their catalytic activity for phenol degradation under mild conditions, Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 4 (2017) 144-153.
    [3] E.G. Harry, Air pollution in farm buildings and methods of control: a review, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A 7 (1978) 441-454.
    [4] Y. Yang, M.C. Gupta, K.L. Dudley, R.W. Lawrence, Novel Carbon Nanotube−Polystyrene Foam Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Nano Letters 5 (2005) 2131-2134.
    [5] E. Pervaiz, H. Liu, M. Yang, Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of single-crystalline nanohybrids for the removal of organic pollutants, Nanotechnology 28 (2017) 105701.
    [6] B. Mao, Q. An, B. Zhai, Z. Xiao, S. Zhai, Multifunctional hollow polydopamine-based composites (Fe3O4/PDA@Ag) for efficient degradation of organic dyes, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 47761-47770.
    [7] K. Rajeshwar, M.E. Osugi, W. Chanmanee, C.R. Chenthamarakshan, M.V.B. Zanoni, P. Kajitvichyanukul, R. Krishnan-Ayer, Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes in air and aqueous media, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 9 (2008) 171-192.
    [8] J.Wang,PhD thesis (2015) Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Industrial Engineering and Management KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm Sweden
    [9] S. Sansuk, S. Srijaranai, S. Srijaranai, A New Approach for Removing Anionic Organic Dyes from Wastewater Based on Electrostatically Driven Assembly, Environmental Science & Technology 50 (2016) 6477-6484.
    [10] M.J. Focazio, D.W. Kolpin, K.K. Barnes, E.T. Furlong, M.T. Meyer, S.D. Zaugg, L.B. Barber, M.E. Thurman, A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States — II) Untreated drinking water sources, Science of The Total Environment 402 (2008) 201-216.
    [11] B. Halling-Sørensen, G. Sengeløv, J. Tjørnelund, Toxicity of Tetracyclines and Tetracycline Degradation Products to Environmentally Relevant Bacteria, Including Selected Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42 (2002) 263-271.
    [12] C. Hignite, D.L. Azarnoff, Drugs and drug metabolites as environmental contaminants: Chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and salicylic acid in sewage water effluent, Life Sciences 20 (1977) 337-341.
    [13] U. Shamraiz, R.A. Hussain, A. Badshah, B. Raza, S. Saba, Functional metal sulfides and selenides for the removal of hazardous dyes from Water, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 159 (2016) 33-41.
    [14] C. Singh, A. Goyal, S. Singhal, Nickel-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: efficient catalysts for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds and photo-oxidative degradation of toxic dyes, Nanoscale 6 (2014) 7959-7970.
    [15] C.A. Martínez-Huitle, E. Brillas, Decontamination of wastewaters containing synthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods: A general review, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 87 (2009) 105-145.
    [16] Z. Wang, S. Zhai, J. Lv, H. Qi, W. Zheng, B. Zhai, Q. An, Versatile hierarchical Cu/Fe3O4nanocatalysts for efficient degradation of organic dyes prepared by a facile, controllable hydrothermal method, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 74575-74584.
    [17] P.K.Gautam, R.K. Gautam, S. Banerjee, G. Lofrano, M.A. Sanroman, M.C. Chattopadhyaya, J.D. Pandey, Preparation of activated carbon from Alligator weed (Alternenthera philoxeroids) and its application for tartrazine removal: Isotherm, kinetics and spectroscopic analysis, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 3 (2015) 2560-2568.
    [18] J. Hu, Y.-l. Dong, Z.u. Rahman, Y.-h. Ma, C.-l. Ren, X.-g. Chen, In situ preparation of core-satellites nanostructural magnetic-Au NPs composite for catalytic degradation of organic contaminants, Chemical Engineering Journal 254 (2014) 514-523.
    [19] L.C. Toledo, A.C.B. Silva, R. Augusti, R.M. Lago, Application of Fenton’s reagent to regenerate activated carbon saturated with organochloro compounds, Chemosphere 50 (2003) 1049-1054.
    [20] K.G. Bhattacharyya, A. Sarma, Adsorption characteristics of the dye, Brilliant Green, on Neem leaf powder, Dyes and Pigments 57 (2003) 211-222.
    [21] C. Jarusiripot, Removal of Reactive Dye by Adsorption over Chemical Pretreatment Coal based Bottom Ash, Procedia Chemistry 9 (2014) 121-130.
    [22] Y. Xiong, H.T. Karlsson, Approach to a two-step process of dye wastewater containing acid red B, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 36 (2001) 321-331.
    [23] A. Aguedach, S. Brosillon, J. Morvan, E.K. Lhadi, Photocatalytic degradation of azo-dyes reactive black 5 and reactive yellow 145 in water over a newly deposited titanium dioxide, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 57 (2005) 55-62.
    [24] M. Shanmugam, A. Alsalme, A. Alghamdi, R. Jayavel, Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of the Graphene-V2O5 Nanocomposite in the Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye under Direct Sunlight, ACS applied materials & interfaces 7 (2015) 14905-14911.
    [25] L. Wang, M. Wen, W. Wang, N. Momuinou, Z. Wang, S. Li, Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using rGO supported TiO2-CdS composite under visible light irradiation, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 683 (2016) 318-328.
    [26] H. Xu, S. Ouyang, L. Liu, P. Reunchan, N. Umezawa, J. Ye, Recent advances in TiO2-based photocatalysis, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2 (2014) 12642-12661.
    [27] Z. Liu, H. Zheng, H. Yang, L. Hao, L. Wen, T. Xu, S. Wu, mpg-C3N4/anatase TiO2 with reactive {001} facets composites to enhance the photocatalytic activity of organic dye degradation, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 54215-54225.
    [28] H.G. Yang, C.H. Sun, S.Z. Qiao, J. Zou, G. Liu, S.C. Smith, H.M. Cheng, G.Q. Lu, Anatase TiO2 single crystals with a large percentage of reactive facets, Nature 453 (2008) 638-641.
    [29] M. Darbandi, T. Gebre, L. Mitchell, W. Erwin, R. Bardhan, M.D. Levan, M.D. Mochena, J.H. Dickerson, Nanoporous TiO2 nanoparticle assemblies with mesoscale morphologies: nano-cabbage versus sea-anemone, Nanoscale 6 (2014) 5652-5656.
    [30] D. Chen, A.K. Ray, Photocatalytic kinetics of phenol and its derivatives over UV irradiated TiO2, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 23 (1999) 143-157.
    [31] X. Chen, S.S. Mao, Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials:  Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications, Chemical Reviews 107 (2007) 2891-2959.
    [32] S. Kitano, N. Murakami, T. Ohno, Y. Mitani, Y. Nosaka, H. Asakura, K. Teramura, T. Tanaka, H. Tada, K. Hashimoto, H. Kominami, Bifunctionality of Rh3+ Modifier on TiO2 and Working Mechanism of Rh3+/TiO2 Photocatalyst under Irradiation of Visible Light, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117 (2013) 11008-11016.
    [33] J. Xiao, J. Du, A multifunctional statistical copolymer vesicle for water remediation, Polymer Chemistry 7 (2016) 4647-4653.
    [34] U.P. Azad, V. Ganesan, M. Pal, Catalytic reduction of organic dyes at gold nanoparticles impregnated silica materials: influence of functional groups and surfactants, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 13 (2011) 3951-3959.
    [35] W. Wang, F. Wang, Y. Kang, A. Wang, Au nanoparticles decorated Kapok fiber by a facile noncovalent approach for efficient catalytic decoloration of Congo Red and hydrogen production, Chemical Engineering Journal 237 (2014) 336-343.
    [36] J. Li, C.-y. Liu, Y. Liu, Au/graphene hydrogel: synthesis, characterization and its use for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, J Mater Chem 22 (2012) 8426-8430.
    [37] M. Tang, S. Zhang, X. Li, X. Pang, H. Qiu, Fabrication of magnetically recyclable Fe3O4@Cu nanocomposites with high catalytic performance for the reduction of organic dyes and 4-nitrophenol, Mater Chem Phys 148 (2014) 639-647.
    [38] Y. Zhang, P. Zhu, L. Chen, G. Li, F. Zhou, D. Lu, R. Sun, F. Zhou, C.-p. Wong, Hierarchical architectures of monodisperse porous Cu microspheres: synthesis, growth mechanism, high-efficiency and recyclable catalytic performance, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2 (2014) 11966.
    [39] V.K. Gupta, N. Atar, M.L. Yola, Z. Ustundag, L. Uzun, A novel magnetic Fe@Au core-shell nanoparticles anchored graphene oxide recyclable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitrophenol compounds, Water Res 48 (2014) 210-217.
    [40] M.M. Nigra, J.-M. Ha, A. Katz, Identification of site requirements for reduction of 4-nitrophenol using gold nanoparticle catalysts, Catalysis Science & Technology 3 (2013) 2976.
    [41] Y. Junejo, A. Baykal, Ultrarapid catalytic reduction of some dyes by reusable novel erythromycin-derived silver nanoparticles, Turkish Journal of Chemistry 38 (2014) 765-774.
    [42] B. Vellaichamy, P. Periakaruppan, Ag nanoshell catalyzed dedying of industrial effluents, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 31653-31660.
    [43] A. Gangula, R. Podila, R. M, L. Karanam, C. Janardhana, A.M. Rao, Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol using Biogenic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Breynia rhamnoides, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 27 (2011) 15268-15274.
    [44] P. Veerakumar, S.M. Chen, R. Madhu, V. Veeramani, C.T. Hung, S.B. Liu, Nickel Nanoparticle-Decorated Porous Carbons for Highly Active Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes and Sensitive Detection of Hg(II) Ions, ACS applied materials & interfaces 7 (2015) 24810-24821.
    [45] B.J. Borah, P. Bharali, Surfactant-free synthesis of CuNi nanocrystals and their application for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 390 (2014) 29-36.
    [46] M. Kohantorabi, M.R. Gholami, Kinetic Analysis of the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Catalyzed by CeO2 Nanorods-Supported CuNi Nanoparticles, Ind Eng Chem Res 56 (2017) 1159-1167.
    [47] P. Veerakumar, S.-M. Chen, R. Madhu, V. Veeramani, C.-T. Hung, S.-B. Liu, Nickel Nanoparticle-Decorated Porous Carbons for Highly Active Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes and Sensitive Detection of Hg(II) Ions, ACS applied materials & interfaces 7 (2015) 24810-24821.
    [48] M. Liu, L. Lv, X. Du, J. Lang, Y. Su, Y. Zhao, X. Wang, Photo-synergistic promoted in situ generation of Bi0-BiSbO4 nanostructures as an efficient catalyst for nitrobenzene reduction, RSC Advances 5 (2015) 103013-103018.
    [49] W.-J. Liu, K. Tian, H. Jiang, H.-Q. Yu, Harvest of Cu NP anchored magnetic carbon materials from Fe/Cu preloaded biomass: their pyrolysis, characterization, and catalytic activity on aqueous reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Green Chemistry 16 (2014) 4198.
    [50] J.G. de Vries, S.D. Jackson, Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in industry, Catalysis Science & Technology 2 (2012) 2009.
    [51] F. Zaera, Nanostructured materials for applications in heterogeneous catalysis, Chem Soc Rev 42 (2013) 2746-2762.
    [52] E. Roduner, Understanding catalysis, Chem Soc Rev 43 (2014) 8226-8239.
    [53] H. Knözinger, K. Kochloefl, Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA2000.
    [54] J.G. de Vries, S.D. Jackson, Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in industry, Catalysis Science & Technology 2 (2012) 2009-2009.
    [55] C.M. Friend, B. Xu, Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Central Science for a Sustainable Future, Accounts of Chemical Research 50 (2017) 517-521.
    [56] E.A. Gelder, PhD thesis(2005),Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow
    [57] R. Eising, W.C. Elias, B.L. Albuquerque, S. Fort, J.B. Domingos, Synthesis of Silver glyconanoparticles from New Sugar-Based Amphiphiles and Their Catalytic Application, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 30 (2014) 6011-6020.
    [58] J.A. Johnson, J.J. Makis, K.A. Marvin, S.E. Rodenbusch, K.J. Stevenson, Size-Dependent hydrogenation of p-Nitrophenol with Pd Nanoparticles Synthesized with Poly(amido)amine dendrimer Templates, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117 (2013) 22644-22651.
    [59] A.M. Kalekar, K.K. Sharma, A. Lehoux, F. Audonnet, H. Remita, A. Saha, G.K. Sharma, Investigation into the catalytic activity of porous platinum nanostructures, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 29 (2013) 11431-11439.
    [60] J. Fei, L. Sun, C. Zhou, H. Ling, F. Yan, X. Zhong, Y. Lu, J. Shi, J. Huang, Z. Liu, Tuning the Synthesis of Manganese Oxides Nanoparticles for Efficient Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol, Nanoscale research letters 12 (2017) 23.
    [61] M.B. Gawande, R.K. Pandey, R.V. Jayaram, Role of mixed metal oxides in catalysis science—versatile applications in organic synthesis, Catalysis Science & Technology 2 (2012) 1113.
    [62] F. Cheng, J. Chen, Metal–air batteries: from oxygen reduction electrochemistry to cathode catalysts, Chemical Society Reviews 41 (2012) 2172.
    [63] S. Lu, S. Ma, H. Wang, M. Shao, Employing cobalt sulfide/noble metal composites bi-functional ability for degradation and monitoring by SERS in real time, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 78852-78857.
    [64] A. Hadj-Aïssa, F. Dassenoy, C. Geantet, P. Afanasiev, Solution synthesis of core–shell Co9S8@MoS2catalysts, Catal. Sci. Technol. 6 (2016) 4901-4909.
    [65] L. Yang, X. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Yu, R. Li, J. Qiu, Layer-dependent catalysis of MoS2/graphene nanoribbon composites for efficient hydrodesulfurization, Catal. Sci. Technol. 7 (2017) 693-702.
    [66] S. Sahoo, C.S. Rout, Facile Electrochemical Synthesis of Porous Manganese-Cobalt-Sulfide Based Ternary Transition Metal Sulfide Nanosheets Architectures for High Performance Energy Storage Applications, Electrochimica Acta 220 (2016) 57-66.
    [67] M. Joy, A.P. Mohamed, K.G.K. Warrier, U.S. Hareesh, Visible-light-driven photocatalytic properties of binary MoS2/ZnS heterostructured nanojunctions synthesized via one-step hydrothermal route, New Journal of Chemistry (2017).
    [68] S. Tong, W. Wang, X. Li, Y. Xu, W. Song, Electrochemical Preparation of Copper-Based/Titanate Intercalation Electrode Material, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113 (2009) 6832-6838.
    [69] P. Zhang, R. Li, Y. Huang, Q. Chen, A Novel Approach for the in Situ Synthesis of Pt–Pd Nanoalloys Supported on Fe3O4@C Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Reduction Reactions, ACS applied materials & interfaces 6 (2014) 2671-2678.
    [70] S. De, J. Zhang, R. Luque, N. Yan, Ni-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts for energy and environmental applications, Energy & Environmental Science 9 (2016) 3314-3347.
    [71] W. Yu, M.D. Porosoff, J.G. Chen, Review of Pt-based bimetallic catalysis: from model surfaces to supported catalysts, Chem Rev 112 (2012) 5780-5817.
    [72] L. Mattarozzi, S. Cattarin, N. Comisso, P. Guerriero, M. Musiani, L. Vázquez-Gómez, E. Verlato, Electrochemical reduction of nitrate and nitrite in alkaline media at CuNi alloy electrodes, Electrochimica Acta 89 (2013) 488-496.
    [73] A. Hornés, M.J. Escudero, L. Daza, A. Martínez-Arias, Electrochemical performance of a solid oxide fuel cell with an anode based on Cu–Ni/CeO2 for methane direct oxidation, Journal of Power Sources 249 (2014) 520-526.
    [74] P. Deka, R. Choudhury, R.C. Deka, P. Bharali, Influence of Ni on enhanced catalytic activity of Cu/Co3O4towards reduction of nitroaromatic compounds: studies on the reduction kinetics, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 71517-71528.
    [75] S. Saha, S.B. Abd Hamid, Nanosized spinel Cu–Mn mixed oxide catalyst prepared via solvent evaporation for liquid phase oxidation of vanillyl alcohol using air and H2O2, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 96314-96326.
    [76] D. Kazunari, K.J. N., H. Michikazu, T. Tsuyoshi, Photo- and Mechano-Catalytic Overall Water Splitting Reactions to Form Hydrogen and Oxygen on Heterogeneous Catalysts, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 73 (2000) 1307-1331.
    [77] Y. Inoue, Photocatalytic water splitting by RuO2-loaded metal oxides and nitrides with d0- and d10 -related electronic configurations, Energy & Environmental Science 2 (2009) 364-386.
    [78] A. Kudo, Y. Miseki, Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting, Chemical Society Reviews 38 (2009) 253-278.
    [79] M. Khatamian, M. Saket Oskoui, M. Haghighi, Photocatalytic hydrogen generation over CdS-metalosilicate composites under visible light irradiation, New Journal of Chemistry 38 (2014) 1684-1693.
    [80] H. Gerischer, Electrochemical photo and solar cells principles and some experiments, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 58 (1975) 263-274.
    [81] X. Yang, Y. Li, C. Shen, B. Si, Y. Sun, Q. Tao, G. Cao, Z. Xu, F. Zhang, Sr and Mn co-doped LaCuSO: A wide band gap oxide diluted magnetic semiconductor with TC around 200 K, Applied Physics Letters 103 (2013) 022410.
    [82] H. Hiramatsu, K. Ueda, H. Ohta, M. Hirano, T. Kamiya, H. Hosono, Degenerate p-type conductivity in wide-gap LaCuOS1−xSex (x=0–1) epitaxial films, Applied Physics Letters 82 (2003) 1048-1050.
    [83] D.S. Ginley, C. Bright, Transparent Conducting Oxides, MRS Bulletin 25 (2011) 15-18.
    [84] T. Suzuki, T. Hisatomi, K. Teramura, Y. Shimodaira, H. Kobayashi, K. Domen, A titanium-based oxysulfide photocatalyst: La5Ti2MS5O7 (M = Ag, Cu) for water reduction and oxidation, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14 (2012) 15475-15481.
    [85] Y. Goto, J. Seo, K. Kumamoto, T. Hisatomi, Y. Mizuguchi, Y. Kamihara, M. Katayama, T. Minegishi, K. Domen, Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Photocatalytic Activity of Oxysulfides: La2Ta2ZrS2O8, La2Ta2TiS2O8, and La2Nb2TiS2O8, Inorg Chem 55 (2016) 3674-3679.
    [86] T. Hisatomi, S. Okamura, J. Liu, Y. Shinohara, K. Ueda, T. Higashi, M. Katayama, T. Minegishi, K. Domen, La5Ti2Cu1−xAgxS5O7photocathodes operating at positive potentials during photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution under irradiation of up to 710 nm, Energy Environ. Sci. 8 (2015) 3354-3362.
    [87] J. Liu, T. Hisatomi, G. Ma, A. Iwanaga, T. Minegishi, Y. Moriya, M. Katayama, J. Kubota, K. Domen, Improving the photoelectrochemical activity of La5Ti2CuS5O7 for hydrogen evolution by particle transfer and doping, Energy & Environmental Science 7 (2014) 2239.
    [88] A. Ishikawa, T. Takata, T. Matsumura, J.N. Kondo, M. Hara, H. Kobayashi, K. Domen, Oxysulfides Ln2Ti2S2O5 as Stable Photocatalysts for Water Oxidation and Reduction under Visible-Light Irradiation, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108 (2004) 2637-2642.
    [89] C. Kim, S.J. Doh, S.G. Lee, S.J. Lee, H.Y. Kim, Visible-light absorptivity of a zincoxysulfide (ZnOxS1−x) composite semiconductor and its photocatalytic activities for degradation of organic pollutants under visible-light irradiation, Applied Catalysis A: General 330 (2007) 127-133.
    [90] S. Meng, X. Zhang, G. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, F. Huang, Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photoelectric Properties of a New Layered Bismuth Oxysulfide, Inorg Chem 54 (2015) 5768-5773.
    [91] S. Meng, X. Zhang, G. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, F. Huang, Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photoelectric Properties of a New Layered Bismuth Oxysulfide, Inorganic Chemistry 54 (2015) 5768-5773.
    [92] R. Varala, V. Narayana, S.R. Kulakarni, M. Khan, A. Alwarthan, S.F. Adil, Sulfated tin oxide (STO) – Structural properties and application in catalysis: A review, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9 (2016) 550-573.
    [93] C. Tamuly, I. Saikia, M. Hazarika, M.R. Das, Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds catalyzed by biogenic CuO nanoparticles, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 53229-53236.
    [94] Z. Wang, S. Zhai, J. Lv, H. Qi, W. Zheng, B. Zhai, Q. An, Versatile hierarchical Cu/Fe3O4 nanocatalysts for efficient degradation of organic dyes prepared by a facile, controllable hydrothermal method, RSC Advances 5 (2015) 74575-74584.
    [95] L. Zhang, J.-S. Hu, C.-L. Pan, X.-H. Huang, C.-M. Hou, Morphology-controllable synthesis of novel Bi25VO40microcubes: optical properties and catalytic activities for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 78457-78467.
    [96] M.J. Sadiq Mohamed, K. Bhat Denthaje, Novel RGO-ZnWO4-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as an efficient Catalyst for Rapid Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol to 4-Aminophenol, Ind Eng Chem Res 55 (2016) 7267-7272.
    [97] C. Huang, W. Ye, Q. Liu, X. Qiu, Dispersed Cu2O Octahedrons on h-BN Nanosheets for p-nitrophenol Reduction, ACS applied materials & interfaces 6 (2014) 14469-14476.
    [98] C. Huang, J. Hu, W. Fan, X. Wu, X. Qiu, Porous cubic bismuth oxide nanospheres: A facile synthesis and their conversion to bismuth during the reduction of nitrobenzenes, Chemical Engineering Science 131 (2015) 155-161.
    [99] A. Goyal, S. Bansal, S. Singhal, Facile reduction of nitrophenols: Comparative catalytic efficiency of MFe2O4 (M = Ni, Cu, Zn) nano ferrites, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 (2014) 4895-4908.
    [100] Z. Jin, C. Liu, K. Qi, X. Cui, Photo-reduced Cu/CuO nanoclusters on TiO2 nanotube arrays as highly efficient and reusable catalyst, Scientific reports 7 (2017) 39695.
    [101] H.S. Oliveira, L.C.A. Oliveira, M.C. Pereira, J.D. Ardisson, P.P. Souza, P.O. Patrício, F.C.C. Moura, Nanostructured vanadium-doped iron oxide: catalytic oxidation of methylene blue dye, New J. Chem. 39 (2015) 3051-3058.
    [102] J. Zhang, J. Yu, Y. Zhang, Q. Li, J.R. Gong, Visible Light Photocatalytic H2-Production activity of CuS/ZnS Porous Nanosheets Based on Photoinduced Interfacial Charge Transfer, Nano Letters 11 (2011) 4774-4779.
    [103] F. Guo, Y. Ni, Y. Ma, N. Xiang, C. Liu, Flowerlike Bi2S3 microspheres: facile synthesis and application in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitroaniline, New Journal of Chemistry 38 (2014) 5324-5330.
    [104] D. Ayodhya, G. Veerabhadram, Investigation of structural, optical, catalytic, fluorescence studies of eco-friendly synthesized Bi2S3 nanostructures, Superlattices and Microstructures 102 (2017) 103-118.
    [105] M. Pal, N.R. Mathews, E. Sanchez-Mora, U. Pal, F. Paraguay-Delgado, X. Mathew, Synthesis of CuS nanoparticles by a wet chemical route and their photocatalytic activity, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17 (2015).
    [106] S. Chen, H. Yin, D. Zeng, L. Chen, Synthesis of flower-like Bi2S3/Cu7.2S4 composites and their photocatalytic performance, Crystal Research and Technology 52 (2017) 1600330-n/a.
    [107] Z.-Q. Liu, W.-Y. Huang, Y.-M. Zhang, Y.-X. Tong, Facile hydrothermal synthesis of Bi2S3 spheres and CuS/Bi2S3 composites nanostructures with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performances, CrystEngComm 14 (2012) 8261-8267.
    [108] Y. Jiang, J. Hu, J. Li, Synthesis and visible light responsed photocatalytic activity of Sn doped Bi2S3 microspheres assembled by nanosheets, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 39810-39817.
    [109] Z. Li, L. Mi, W. Chen, H. Hou, C. Liu, H. Wang, Z. Zheng, C. Shen, Three-dimensional CuS hierarchical architectures as recyclable catalysts for dye decolorization, CrystEngComm 14 (2012) 3965.
    [110] R. Karthikeyan, D. Thangaraju, N. Prakash, Y. Hayakawa, Single-step synthesis and catalytic activity of structure-controlled nickel sulfide nanoparticles, CrystEngComm 17 (2015) 5431-5439.
    [111] K. Subramanyam, N. Sreelekha, D. Amaranatha Reddy, G. Murali, K. Rahul Varma, R.P. Vijayalakshmi, Chemical synthesis, structural, optical, magnetic characteristics and enhanced visible light active photocatalysis of Ni doped CuS nanoparticles, Solid State Sciences 65 (2017) 68-78.
    [112] M. Saranya, C. Santhosh, R. Ramachandran, P. Kollu, P. Saravanan, M. Vinoba, S.K. Jeong, A.N. Grace, Hydrothermal growth of CuS nanostructures and its photocatalytic properties, Powder Technology 252 (2014) 25-32.
    [113] L. Rout, A. Kumar, R.S. Dhaka, P. Dash, Bimetallic Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles as a highly active catalyst for the enamination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 49923-49940.
    [114] L. Sun, Y. Deng, Y. Yang, Z. Xu, K. Xie, L. Liao, Preparation and catalytic activity of magnetic bimetallic nickel/copper nanowires, RSC Advances 7 (2017) 17781-17787.
    [115] J. Yang, X. Shen, Z. Ji, H. Zhou, G. Zhu, K. Chen, In situ growth of hollow CuNi alloy nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and their magnetic and catalytic properties, Applied Surface Science 316 (2014) 575-581.
    [116] D. Bhattacharjee, K. Mandal, S. Dasgupta, Hydrazine assisted catalytic hydrogenation of PNP to PAP by NixPd100-x nanocatalyst, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 64364-64373.
    [117] X. Chen, H. Abdullah, D.-H. Kuo, CuMnOS Nanoflowers with Different Cu+/Cu2+ Ratios for the CO2-to-CH3OH and the CH3OH-to-H2 Redox Reactions, Scientific reports 7 (2017) 41194.
    [118] S. Senthilkumaar, P. Kalaamani, K. Porkodi, P.R. Varadarajan, C.V. Subburaam, Adsorption of dissolved Reactive red dye from aqueous phase onto activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste, Bioresource technology 97 (2006) 1618-1625.
    [119] K. Iqbal, A. Iqbal, A.M. Kirillov, B. Wang, W. Liu, Y. Tang, A new Ce-doped MgAl-LDH@Au nanocatalyst for highly efficient reductive degradation of organic contaminants, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5 (2017) 6716-6724.
    [120] O.A. Zelekew, D.-H. Kuo, Facile synthesis of SiO2@CuxO@TiO2 heterostructures for catalytic reductions of 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitroaniline organic pollutants, Applied Surface Science 393 (2017) 110-118.
    [121] Y. Shi, X. Zhang, Y. Zhu, H. Tan, X. Chen, Z.-H. Lu, Core–shell structured nanocomposites Ag@CeO2as catalysts for hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitroaniline, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 47966-47973.
    [122] Y. Sun, J. Zhou, W. Cai, R. Zhao, J. Yuan, Hierarchically porous NiAl-LDH nanoparticles as highly efficient adsorbent for p-nitrophenol from water, Applied Surface Science 349 (2015) 897-903.
    [123] Z. Dong, X. Le, X. Li, W. Zhang, C. Dong, J. Ma, Silver nanoparticles immobilized on fibrous nano-silica as highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitroaniline, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 158–159 (2014) 129-135.
    [124] Y. Shi, X. Zhang, Y. Zhu, H. Tan, X. Chen, Z.-H. Lu, Core-shell structured nanocomposites Ag@CeO2 as catalysts for hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitroaniline, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 47966-47973.
    [125] M.M. Ayad, A.A. El-Nasr, Adsorption of Cationic Dye (Methylene Blue) from Water Using Polyaniline Nanotubes Base, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 (2010) 14377-14383.
    [126] L. Wang, G. Hu, Z. Wang, B. Wang, Y. Song, H. Tang, Highly efficient and selective degradation of methylene blue from mixed aqueous solution by using monodisperse CuFe2O4nanoparticles, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 73327-73332.
    [127] L. Liu, Y. Lin, Y. Liu, H. Zhu, Q. He, Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Sewage Sludge Based Granular Activated Carbon: Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 58 (2013) 2248-2253.
    [128] M.S. P.E.Kumar, Adsorption of Rhodamine B from an Aqueous Solution: Kinetic, equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 04 (2015) 497-510.
    [129] M. Mohammadi, A.J. Hassani, A.R. Mohamed, G.D. Najafpour, Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution Using Palm Shell-Based Activated Carbon: Adsorption and Kinetic Studies, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 55 (2010) 5777-5785.
    [130] S. Sachdeva, A. Kumar, Preparation of nanoporous composite carbon membrane for separation of rhodamine B dye, Journal of Membrane Science 329 (2009) 2-10.
    [131] A.K. Mittal, Y. Chisti, U.C. Banerjee, Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts, Biotechnology advances 31 (2013) 346-356.
    [132] R. Precht, R. Hausbrand, W. Jaegermann, Electronic structure and electrode properties of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ): a surface science investigation of lithium intercalation into TCNQ, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 17 (2015) 6588-6596.
    [133] M. Cocchi, G. Foca, M. Lucisano, A. Marchetti, M.A. Pagani, L. Tassi, A. Ulrici, classification of Cereal Flours by Chemometric Analysis of MIR Spectra, J Agr Food Chem 52 (2004) 1062-1067.
    [134] R.M.Silverstein,F.X.Webster, Spectrometri identification of organic compounds,6th ed.)The state university of New York, College of environmental science and forestry(1936).
    [135] H.M. Al-Maydama, T.E.Y. Al-Ansi, Y.M. Jamil, A.H. Ali, Biheterocyclic ligands: synthesis, characterization and coordinating properties of bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) alkanes with transition metal ions and their thermokinetic and biological studies, Eclética Química 33 (2008) 29-42.
    [136] X. Li, P. Liu, Y. Mao, M. Xing, J. Zhang, Preparation of homogeneous nitrogen-doped mesoporous TiO2 spheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalysis, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 164 (2015) 352-359.
    [137] M. Yan, Y. Wu, Y. Yan, X. Yan, F. Zhu, Y. Hua, W. Shi, Synthesis and Characterization of novel BiVO4/Ag3VO4Heterojunction with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes, Acs Sustain Chem Eng 4 (2016) 757-766.
    [138] J. Shang, W. Hao, X. Lv, T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Du, S. Dou, T. Xie, D. Wang, J. Wang, Bismuth Oxybromide with Reasonable Photocatalytic Reduction Activity under Visible Light, ACS Catalysis 4 (2014) 954-961.
    [139] F. Xia, X. Xu, X. Li, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, H. Qiu, W. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Gao, Preparation of Bismuth Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution and Its Catalytic Performance for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol, Ind Eng Chem Res 53 (2014) 10576-10582.
    [140] X. Yang, S. Tian, R. Li, W. Wang, S. Zhou, Use of single-crystalline Bi 2 S 3 nanowires as room temperature ethanol sensor synthesized by hydrothermal approach, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 241 (2017) 210-216.
    [141] G. Ai, R. Mo, Q. Chen, H. Xu, S. Yang, H. Li, J. Zhong, TiO2/Bi2S3core–shell nanowire arrays for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 13544-13549.
    [142] A.K. Rath, M. Bernechea, L. Martinez, G. Konstantatos, Solution-Processed Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on p-type PbS Quantum Dots and n-type Bi2S3 Nanocrystals, Advanced materials 23 (2011) 3712-3717.
    [143] L. Whittaker-Brooks, J. Gao, A.K. Hailey, C.R. Thomas, N. Yao, Y.-L. Loo, Bi2S3 nanowire networks as electron acceptor layers in solution-processed hybrid solar cells, Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3 (2015) 2686-2692.
    [144] A.A. Rahman, R. Huang, L. Whittaker-Brooks, Distinctive Extrinsic Atom Effects on the Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Bi2S3-xSex Solid Solutions, Chemistry of Materials 28 (2016) 6544-6552.
    [145] O. Rabin, J. Manuel Perez, J. Grimm, G. Wojtkiewicz, R. Weissleder, An X-ray computed tomography imaging agent based on long-circulating bismuth sulphide nanoparticles, Nat Mater 5 (2006) 118-122.
    [146] M. Bernechea, Y. Cao, G. Konstantatos, Size and bandgap tunability in Bi2S3colloidal nanocrystals and its effect in solution processed solar cells, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 20642-20648.
    [147] T. Wu, X. Zhou, H. Zhang, X. Zhong, Bi2S3 nanostructures: A new photocatalyst, Nano Research 3 (2010) 379-386.
    [148] B. Zhang, X. Ye, W. Hou, Y. Zhao, Y. Xie, Biomolecule-Assisted Synthesis and electrochemical Hydrogen Storage of Bi2S3 Flowerlike Patterns with Well-Aligned nanorods, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 (2006) 8978-8985.
    [149] H. Jung, C.-M. Park, H.-J. Sohn, Bismuth sulfide and its carbon nanocomposite for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, Electrochimica Acta 56 (2011) 2135-2139.
    [150] J. Liu, X. Zheng, L. Yan, L. Zhou, G. Tian, W. Yin, L. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Hu, Z. Gu, C. Chen, Y. Zhao, Bismuth Sulfide Nanorods as a Precision Nanomedicine for in Vivo Multimodal Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy of Tumor, ACS Nano 9 (2015) 696-707.
    [151] H.-C. Liao, M.-C. Wu, M.-H. Jao, C.-M. Chuang, Y.-F. Chen, W.-F. Su, Synthesis, optical and photovoltaic properties of bismuth sulfide nanorods, CrystEngComm 14 (2012) 3645-3652.
    [152] L. Leontie, M. Caraman, M. Alexe, C. Harnagea, Structural and optical characteristics of bismuth oxide thin films, Surface Science 507–510 (2002) 480-485.
    [153] H. Kim, C. Jin, S. Park, W.I. Lee, I.-J. Chin, C. Lee, Structure and optical properties of Bi2S3 and Bi2O3 nanostructures synthesized via thermal evaporation and thermal oxidation routes, Chemical Engineering Journal 215–216 (2013) 151-156.
    [154] Y. Wang, S. Li, X. Xing, F. Huang, Y. Shen, A. Xie, X. Wang, J. Zhang, Self-assembled 3D flowerlike hierarchical Fe3O4@Bi2O3 core-shell architectures and their enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light, Chemistry 17 (2011) 4802-4808.
    [155] S.J.A. Moniz, C.S. Blackman, C.J. Carmalt, G. Hyett, MOCVD of crystalline Bi2O3 thin films using a single-source bismuth alkoxide precursor and their use in photodegradation of water, J Mater Chem 20 (2010) 7881-7886.
    [156] L. Zhou, W. Wang, H. Xu, S. Sun, M. Shang, Bi2O3 hierarchical nanostructures: controllable synthesis, growth mechanism, and their application in photocatalysis, Chemistry 15 (2009) 1776-1782.
    [157] F. Chen, Y. Cao, D. Jia, Facile synthesis of Bi2S3 hierarchical nanostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity, J Colloid Interf Sci 404 (2013) 110-116.
    [158] H. Li, J. Yang, J. Zhang, M. Zhou, Facile synthesis of hierarchical Bi2S3 nanostructures for photodetector and gas sensor, RSC Advances 2 (2012) 6258-6261.
    [159] A. Hameed, T. Montini, V. Gombac, P. Fornasiero, Surface Phases and Photocatalytic activity Correlation of Bi2O3/Bi2O4-x Nanocomposite, J Am Chem Soc 130 (2008) 9658-9659.
    [160] J. Wu, F. Huang, X. Lü, P. Chen, D. Wan, F. Xu, Improved visible-light photocatalysis of nano-Bi2Sn2O7 with dispersed s-bands, J Mater Chem 21 (2011) 3872.
    [161] A.L. Pacquette, H. Hagiwara, T. Ishihara, A.A. Gewirth, Fabrication of an oxysulfide of bismuth Bi2O2S and its photocatalytic activity in a Bi2O2S/In2O3 composite, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 277 (2014) 27-36.
    [162] S.K. Singh, A. Kumar, B. Gahtori, Shruti, G. Sharma, S. Patnaik, V.P.S. Awana, Bulk superconductivity in Bismuth Oxysulfide Bi4O4S3, J Am Chem Soc 134 (2012) 16504-16507.
    [163] M. Padmavathi, R. Singh, Structure and Properties of Ca-doped Bismuth Oxysulfide Superconductor, Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 28 (2015) 3255-3265.
    [164] X. Chen, D.-H. Kuo, Nanoflower bimetal CuInOS oxysulfide catalyst for the reduction of Cr(VI) in the dark, Acs Sustain Chem Eng (2017).
    [165] N.K. Amin, Removal of direct blue-106 dye from aqueous solution using new activated carbons developed from pomegranate peel: Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics, Journal of Hazardous Materials 165 (2009) 52-62.
    [166] I. Zumeta-Dubé, J.-L. Ortiz-Quiñonez, D. Díaz, C. Trallero-Giner, V.-F. Ruiz-Ruiz, First order Raman Scattering in Bulk Bi2S3 and Quantum Dots: Reconsidering Controversial Interpretations, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118 (2014) 30244-30252.
    [167] V. Nair, C.L. Perkins, Q. Lin, M. Law, Textured nanoporous Mo:BiVO4photoanodes with high charge transport and charge transfer quantum efficiencies for oxygen evolution, Energy Environ. Sci. 9 (2016) 1412-1429.
    [168] L. Wang, D. Han, S. Ni, W. Ma, W. Wang, L. Niu, Photoelectrochemical device based on Mo-doped BiVO4enables smart analysis of the global antioxidant capacity in food, Chem. Sci. 6 (2015) 6632-6638.
    [169] G. Yan, H. Shi, H. Tan, W. Zhu, Y. Wang, H. Zang, Y. Li, Coupling with a narrow-band-gap semiconductor for the enhancement of visible-light photocatalytic activity: preparation of Bi2OxS3-x/Nb6O17 and application to the degradation of methyl orange, Dalton transactions 45 (2016) 13944-13950.
    [170] X. Xu, M. Du, T. Chen, S. Xiong, T. Wu, D. Zhao, Z. Fan, New insights into Ag-doped BiVO4 microspheres as visible light photocatalysts, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 98788-98796.
    [171] L. Zhang, J.-S. Hu, C.-L. Pan, X.-H. Huang, C.-M. Hou, Morphology-controllable synthesis of novel Bi25VO40 microcubes: optical properties and catalytic activities for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, RSC Advances 5 (2015) 78457-78467.
    [172] O.A. Zelekew, D.-H. Kuo, Synthesis of a hierarchical structured NiO/NiS composite catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol and organic dyes, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 4353-4362.
    [173] K. Li, Z. Zheng, X. Huang, G. Zhao, J. Feng, J. Zhang, Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of 2-nitroaniline onto activated carbon prepared from cotton stalk fibre, Journal of Hazardous Materials 166 (2009) 213-220.
    [174] X. Le, Z. Dong, W. Zhang, X. Li, J. Ma, Fibrous nano-silica containing immobilized Ni@Au core–shell nanoparticles: A highly active and reusable catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitroaniline, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 395 (2014) 58-65.
    [175] P. Nalawade, T. Mukherjee, S. Kapoor, Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Glycerol as a Reducing Agent, Advances in Nanoparticles 02 (2013) 78-86.
    [176] Z.H. Farooqi, K. Naseem, R. Begum, A. Ijaz, Catalytic Reduction of 2-Nitroaniline in Aqueous Medium Using Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized Polymer Microgels, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 25 (2015) 1554-1568.
    [177] L. Wang, J. Shi, Y. Zhu, Q. He, H. Xing, J. Zhou, F. Chen, Y. Chen, Synthesis of a multinanoparticle-embedded core/mesoporous silica shell structure as a durable heterogeneous catalyst, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 28 (2012) 4920-4925.
    [178] P. Deka, R. Choudhury, R.C. Deka, P. Bharali, Influence of Ni on enhanced catalytic activity of Cu/Co3O4 towards reduction of nitroaromatic compounds: studies on the reduction kinetics, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 71517-71528.
    [179] P. Gnanaprakasam, T. Selvaraju, Green synthesis of self assembled silver nanowire decorated reduced graphene oxide for efficient nitroarene reduction, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 24518-24525.
    [180] L. Tan, D. Chen, H. Liu, F. Tang, A silica nanorattle with a mesoporous shell: an ideal nanoreactor for the preparation of tunable gold cores, Advanced materials 22 (2010) 4885-4889.
    [181] B.R. Ganapuram, M. Alle, R. Dadigala, A. Dasari, V. Maragoni, V. Guttena, Catalytic reduction of methylene blue and Congo red dyes using green synthesized gold nanoparticles capped by salmalia malabarica gum, International Nano Letters 5 (2015) 215-222.
    [182] C. Allegre, P. Moulin, M. Maisseu, F. Charbit, Treatment and reuse of reactive dyeing effluents, Journal of Membrane Science 269 (2006) 15-34.
    [183] Y. Xie, B. Yan, H. Xu, J. Chen, Q. Liu, Y. Deng, H. Zeng, Highly Regenerable Mussel-inspired Fe3O4@Polydopamine-Ag Core–Shell Microspheres as Catalyst and Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal, ACS applied materials & interfaces 6 (2014) 8845-8852.
    [184] M. Zhu, C. Wang, D. Meng, G. Diao, In situ synthesis of silver nanostructures on magnetic Fe3O4@C core-shell nanocomposites and their application in catalytic reduction reactions, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1 (2013) 2118-2125.
    [185] Y. Li, Y. Pan, L. Zhu, Z. Wang, D. Su, G. Xue, Facile and Controlled Fabrication of Functional Gold Nanoparticle-coated Polystyrene Composite Particle, Macromolecular Rapid Communications 32 (2011) 1741-1747.
    [186] L. Ai, C. Zeng, Q. Wang, One-step solvothermal synthesis of Ag-Fe3O4 composite as a magnetically recyclable catalyst for reduction of Rhodamine B, Catalysis Communications 14 (2011) 68-73.
    [187] X. Zhang, X. Zhang, R.P. Feng, L.H. Liu, H. Meng, Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles supported on PANI/alpha-Fe2O3 composite carriers, Mater Chem Phys 136 (2012) 555-560.
    [188] A. Corma, P. Concepcion, P. Serna, A different reaction pathway for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds on gold catalysts, Angewandte Chemie 46 (2007) 7266-7269.
    [189] M. Thomas, G.A. Naikoo, M.U.D. Sheikh, M. Bano, F. Khan, Fabrication of hierarchically organized nanocomposites of Ba/alginate/carboxymethylcellulose/graphene oxide/Au nanoparticles and their catalytic efficiency in o-nitroaniline reduction, New J. Chem. 39 (2015) 9761-9771.
    [190] N. Basavegowda, K. Mishra, Y.R. Lee, Trimetallic FeAgPt alloy as a nanocatalyst for the reduction of 4-nitroaniline and decolorization of rhodamine B: A comparative study, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 701 (2017) 456-464.
    [191] O. Kiyonori, I. Akio, T. Kentaro, T. Kenji, H. Michikazu, D. Kazunari, Lanthanum–Indium Oxysulfide as a Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst for Water Splitting, Chemistry Letters 36 (2007) 854-855.
    [192] L. Liu, Nano-aggregates of cobalt nickel oxysulfide as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors, Nanoscale 5 (2013) 11615-11619.
    [193] H. Abdullah, N.S. Gultom, D.-H. Kuo, Indium oxysulfide nanosheet photocatalyst for the hexavalent chromium detoxification and hydrogen evolution reaction, J Mater Sci 52 (2017) 6249-6264.
    [194] X. Wang, Y. Li, M. Wang, W. Li, M. Chen, Y. Zhao, Synthesis of tunable ZnS-CuS microspheres and visible-light photoactivity for rhodamine B, New Journal of Chemistry 38 (2014) 4182-4189.
    [195] L.Z. Pei, J.F. Wang, X.X. Tao, S.B. Wang, Y.P. Dong, C.G. Fan, Q.-F. Zhang, Synthesis of CuS and Cu1.1Fe1.1S2 crystals and their electrochemical properties, Materials Characterization 62 (2011) 354-359.
    [196] S. Bai, K. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Sun, R. Luo, D. Li, A. Chen, Synthesis mechanism and gas-sensing application of nanosheet-assembled tungsten oxide microspheres, J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014) 7927-7934.
    [197] A.V. Borhade, K.G. Kanade, D.R. Tope, M.D. Patil, A Comparative study on synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activities of MgO and Fe/MgO nanoparticles, Research on Chemical Intermediates 38 (2012) 1931-1946.
    [198] B.P. Vinayan, Z. Zhao-Karger, T. Diemant, V.S. Chakravadhanula, N.I. Schwarzburger, M.A. Cambaz, R.J. Behm, C. Kubel, M. Fichtner, Performance study of magnesium-sulfur battery using a graphene based sulfur composite cathode electrode and a non-nucleophilic Mg electrolyte, Nanoscale 8 (2016) 3296-3306.
    [199] A. Bhattacharjee, M. Ahmaruzzaman, CuO nanostructures: facile synthesis and applications for enhanced photodegradation of organic compounds and reduction of p-nitrophenol from aqueous phase, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 41348-41363.
    [200] S.G. Hosseini, R. Abazari, A facile one-step route for production of CuO, NiO, and CuO
    NiO nanoparticles and comparison of their catalytic activity for ammonium perchlorate decomposition, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 96777-96784.
    [201] A.A. Dubale, C.-J. Pan, A.G. Tamirat, H.-M. Chen, W.-N. Su, C.-H. Chen, J. Rick, D.W. Ayele, B.A. Aragaw, J.-F. Lee, Y.-W. Yang, B.-J. Hwang, Heterostructured Cu2O/CuO decorated with nickel as a highly efficient photocathode for photoelectrochemical water reduction, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 12482-12499.
    [202] J. Yu, J. Zhang, S. Liu, Ion-Exchange Synthesis and Enhanced Visible-Light Photoactivity of CuS/ZnS Nanocomposite Hollow Spheres, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 (2010) 13642-13649.
    [203] D. Hong, W. Zang, X. Guo, Y. Fu, H. He, J. Sun, L. Xing, B. Liu, X. Xue, High Piezo-photocatalytic Efficiency of CuS/ZnO Nanowires Using Both Solar and Mechanical Energy for degrading Organic Dye, ACS applied materials & interfaces 8 (2016) 21302-21314.
    [204] G. George, S. Anandhan, Synthesis and characterisation of nickel oxide nanofibre webs with alcohol sensing characteristics, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 62009-62020.
    [205] G.D. Park, J.S. Cho, Y.C. Kang, Sodium-ion storage properties of nickel sulfide hollow nanospheres/reduced graphene oxide composite powders prepared by a spray drying process and the nanoscale Kirkendall effect, Nanoscale 7 (2015) 16781-16788.
    [206] H. Chen, J. Jiang, L. Zhang, H. Wan, T. Qi, D. Xia, Highly conductive NiCo2S4 urchin-like nanostructures for high-rate pseudocapacitors, Nanoscale 5 (2013) 8879-8883.
    [207] X. Dai, K. Du, Z. Li, M. Liu, Y. Ma, H. Sun, X. Zhang, Y. Yang, Co-Doped MoS(2) nanosheets with the Dominant CoMoS Phase Coated on Carbon as an Excellent Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution, ACS applied materials & interfaces 7 (2015) 27242-27253.
    [208] P. Anil Kumar Reddy, P. Venkata Laxma Reddy, V. Maitrey Sharma, B. Srinivas, V.D. Kumari, M. Subrahmanyam, Photocatalytic Degradation of Isoproturon Pesticide on C, N and S Doped TiO2, Journal of Water Resource and Protection 02 (2010) 235-244.
    [209] X. Xu, D. Chen, Z. Yi, M. Jiang, L. Wang, Z. Zhou, X. Fan, Y. Wang, D. Hui, Antimicrobial mechanism Based on H2O2 Generation at Oxygen Vacancies in ZnO Crystals, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 29 (2013) 5573-5580.
    [210] J. Gupta, J. Mohapatra, D. Bahadur, Visible Light Driven Mesoporous Ag-embedded ZnO Nanocomposite: Reactive Oxygen Species Enhanced Photocatalysis, Bacterial Inhibition and Photodynamic Therapy, Dalton transactions (2016).
    [211] X. Li, Y. Li, F. Xie, W. Li, W. Li, M. Chen, Y. Zhao, Preparation of monodispersed CuS nanocrystals in an oleic acid/paraffin system, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 84465-84470.
    [212] A. Sharma, R.K. Dutta, A. Roychowdhury, D. Das, Studies on structural defects in bare, PVP capped and TPPO capped copper oxide nanoparticles by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and their impact on photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 74812-74821.
    [213] H. Li, S. Gan, D. Han, W. Ma, B. Cai, W. Zhang, Q. Zhang, L. Niu, High performance Pd nanocrystals supported on SnO2-decorated graphene for aromatic nitro compound reduction, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2 (2014) 3461.
    [214] S. Saha, A. Pal, S. Kundu, S. Basu, T. Pal, Photochemical Green Synthesis of Calcium-alginate-Stabilized Ag and Au Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Application to 4-nitrophenol Reduction, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 26 (2010) 2885-2893.
    [215] J.F. Huang, S. Vongehr, S.C. Tang, H.M. Lu, X.K. Meng, Highly Catalytic Pd-Ag bimetallic dendrites, J Phys Chem C 114 (2010) 15005-15010.
    [216] J. Li, C.-y. Liu, Y. Liu, Au/graphene hydrogel: synthesis, characterization and its use for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, J Mater Chem 22 (2012) 8426.
    [217] O. Ahmed Zelekew, D.H. Kuo, A two-oxide nanodiode system made of double-layered p-type Ag2O@n-type TiO2 for rapid reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 18 (2016) 4405-4414.
    [218] Z. Jiang, J. Xie, D. Jiang, J. Jing, H. Qin, Facile route fabrication of nano-Ni core mesoporous-silica shell particles with high catalytic activity towards 4-nitrophenol reduction, CrystEngComm 14 (2012) 4601.
    [219] F.-h. Lin, R.-a. Doong, Bifunctional Au−Fe3O4Heterostructures for Magnetically Recyclable Catalysis of Nitrophenol Reduction, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115 (2011) 6591-6598.
    [220] S. Zhang, S. Gai, F. He, Y. Dai, P. Gao, L. Li, Y. Chen, P. Yang, Uniform Ni/SiO2@Au magnetic hollow microspheres: rational design and excellent catalytic performance in 4-nitrophenol reduction, Nanoscale 6 (2014) 7025-7032.
    [221] R.B. Ganapuram, M. Alle, R. Dadigala, A. Dasari, V. Maragoni, V. Guttena, Catalytic reduction of methylene blue and Congo red dyes using green synthesized gold nanoparticles capped by salmalia malabarica gum, International Nano Letters 5 (2015) 215-222.
    [222] X.-Z. Li, K.-L. Wu, Y. Ye, X.-W. Wei, Controllable synthesis of Ni nanotube arrays and their structure-dependent catalytic activity toward dye degradation, CrystEngComm 16 (2014) 4406-4413.
    [223] X. Zhang, X. Zhang, R.-p. Feng, L.-h. Liu, H. Meng, Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles supported on PANI/α-Fe2O3 composite carriers, Mater Chem Phys 136 (2012) 555-560.
    [224] W. Che, Y. Ni, Y. Zhang, Y. Ma, Morphology-controllable synthesis of CuO nanostructures and their catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 77 (2015) 1-7.
    [225] C. Huang, W. Ye, Q. Liu, X. Qiu, Dispersed Cu(2)O octahedrons on h-BN nanosheets for p-nitrophenol reduction, ACS applied materials & interfaces 6 (2014) 14469-14476.
    [226] X. Wang, S. Yang, H. Li, W. Zhao, C. Sun, H. He, High adsorption and efficient visible-light-photodegradation for cationic Rhodamine B with microspheric BiOI photocatalyst, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 42530-42537.

    QR CODE