本論文針對高頻與高速連接需求以及無線通訊趨勢，提出四個研究主題，包括可應用於毫米波頻段網路與通訊裝置之連接器與陣列天線設計以及主動式天線OTA近場量測技術。
第一部分提出符合PCIe 5.0規格的內部匯流排高速連接器，採用了不歸零 (Non-Return-to-Zero, NRZ)調變架構，以差分訊號輸出，而頻率涵蓋需達到24GHz以上，其中搭配特殊內外接地板架構與屏蔽外殼，可有效解決串音干擾。此外亦探討下世代PCIe 6.0之規格，其是以四階脈衝振幅調變(Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4, PAM4) 方式，期望傳輸速率可達到64.0 GT/s，即PCIe 5.0傳輸速率的兩倍。
第二部分提出一款用於毫米波頻段之高頻同軸連接器，操作頻率可由DC至60 GHz，搭配高頻低損耗同軸線來形成跳線，可有效改善毫米波頻段連接損失，期能應用於5G毫米波基地台與行動裝置、衛星通訊、雷達等。
第三部分為Ka頻段衛星通訊圓極化陣列天線設計，研製可符合低軌道衛星通訊地面站應用之波束掃描相控陣列天線，其中為避免天線極化偏移問題，乃採用雙饋入達到圓極化效果，並應用第二部分之毫米波跳線來取代傳統印刷電路板走線，以降低子陣列天線間連接損耗，進而提高整體天線增益與設計自由度。
第四部分為研發OTA模式近場天線量測技術，傳統近場天線量測系統已相當準確，但由於5G基地台天線與放大器、調變器等整合成主動式天線，傳統射頻埠口將消失。為了解決此問題，本研究以相位重建方式來獲得天線近場，建立了主動式天線之近場量測技術。

關鍵字：毫米波連接器、PCIe連接器、Ka頻段衛星通訊、陣列天線、主動式天線、近場天線量測

This paper proposes four research topics for high-frequency and high-speed connection requirements and wireless communication trends. Those topics include connector and array antenna designs for millimeter wave networks and communication devices, and OTA near-field measurement technology for active antennas.
The first part proposes an internal bus high-speed connector that complies with PCIe 5.0 specifications. It adopts a Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) modulation for differential signals. The frequency coverage needs to reach 24GHz above. The internal and external ground structures or shielding shells of the connector can effectively solve the crosstalk interferences. Also, the specifications of the next-generation PCIe 6.0 are discussed. Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4 (PAM4) method is used for a transmission rate of 64.0 GT/s, twice that of the PCIe 5.0.
The second part proposes a high-frequency coaxial connector for millimeter wave bands. The operating frequency can range from DC to 60 GHz. Integrated with a high-frequency low-loss coaxial cable to form a jump wire, the connection loss in the millimeter wave bands can be effectively improved. It is expected to be applied to 5G millimeter wave base stations and mobile devices, satellite communications, radars, etc.
The third part is the design of the circularly polarized beamforming array antenna for the low-orbit Ka-band satellite communication ground station. In order to reduce the connection loss between the sub-array antennas, the millimeter wave jump wires in Part 2 are applied to replace PCB lines so that the overall antenna gain and design flexibility can be improved.
The fourth part is to develop an OTA near-field measurement method for active antennas. Traditional near-field antenna measurement systems are quite accurate. However, due to the integration of the 5G base station antenna, amplifier, modulator, etc. into an active antenna system, traditional RF ports disappear. To solve this problem, the antenna near field is obtained with a phase reconstruction method in this study to establish the near-field measurement technology for the active antennas.

Keywords: Millimeter Wave Connector, PCIe Connector, Ka-band Satellite Communications, Array Antennas, Active Antennas, Near Field Antenna Measurements

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