簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 謝雲青
Thanh - Van Ta
論文名稱: 探索包裝設計之色彩與故事策略對顧客精油選擇之研究
Exploring How Package Design of Color and Storytelling Strategies May Affect Consumers' Choices of Essential Oil
指導教授: 王蕙芝
Hui-Chih Wang
口試委員: 董和昇
Her-Sen Doong
曾盛恕
Seng-Su Tsang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 管理學院MBA
School of Management International (MBA)
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 74
中文關鍵詞: 故事策略色彩策略包裝設計品牌態度支付意願產品評估
外文關鍵詞: Storytelling, Color, Package Design, Brand Attitude, Willingness to Pay, Product Valuation
相關次數: 點閱:464下載:5
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

精油產品應用優雅的包裝戰略年。然而,年齡在18-25破獲的迫切需要,舊的包裝設計可能不會在這個新的客戶細分工作之間的年輕一代不斷增強的購物潛力。這項研究是這樣設計的,以證明有關的色彩和視覺敘事與消費者的決策過程中品牌人物美學包裝設計的影響。該研究模型的提出,接觸到可愛的美學包裝喚起的判斷和情緒會引起姿態走向特色品牌,從而確定消費者的行為意圖。通過進行2(橙色對比色藍色)×2(非講故事與講故事)試驗性治療,這項研究經驗表明,在面對可愛的包裝設計,消費者的情緒反應支配他們的決策,從而導致更高的產品估值,品牌態度和支付意願。即使兩個測試顏色均被首選,多樣化的講故事的方法,發現顯著改變消費者的情緒反應。更具體而言,調查結果顯示,藍/評書增強消費者的反應最顯著。本研究附加值的學術和實踐領域,因為有這樣一個話題有限的研究。管理意義進行了相應的建議。


Essential oil products apply the elegant package strategy for years. However, the increasing shopping potential of young generation aged between 18-25 uncovered the urgent demand that the old package design might not work on this new customer segment. This research was thus designed to demonstrate the influence of aesthetical package design regarding colors and visual storytelling with brand characters on consumer’s decision making process. The research model proposed that exposure to cute aesthetics packaging evokes judgments and emotions would elicit attitude toward the featured brand, which in turn determined consumers’ behavioral intent. By conducting a 2(color orange vs. color blue) x2 (non storytelling vs. storytelling) experimental treatment, this study empirically revealed that, while facing the cute package design, consumers’ emotional responses dominate their decision making, leading to a higher product valuation, brand attitude and willingness to pay. Even though two test colors were both preferred, diverse storytelling method were found to significantly change consumers’ emotional responses. More specifically, findings indicated that blue/storytelling enhances consumers’ responses most significantly. This study added value to the academic and practical fields since there was limited studies on such a topic. Managerial implications were proposed accordingly.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF TABLE v LIST OF FIGURES vi ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Scope 2 1.3 Research Objective 3 1.4 Research Structure 3 CHAPTER II: ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET RESEARCH 4 2.1 Essential Oils Introduction 4 2.2 Market Consumption 5 2.3 Essential Oils Packaging 8 CHAPTER III: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 3.1 Aesthetic of Cute 10 3.1.1 The Concept of Aesthetic 10 3.1.2 Aesthetic of Cute 12 3.2 Packaging 15 3.2.1 Packaging Overview 15 3.2.2 Aesthetics Design in Packaging 18 3.3 Packaging and Consumer Behavior Relationship 19 3.3.1 The Roles of Design Elements in Packaging and Consumer Behaviors 20 Colors Strategy 21 Brand Character Strategy 24 3.3.2 The Role of Emotion in Package Design and Consumer Behaviors. 26 Visual Storytelling Strategy 26 CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES 31 4.1 Research Model and Hypotheses 31 4.1.1 Research Model 31 4.1.2. Hypotheses 32 4.2 Methodology 35 4.2.1 Design Description and Stimuli 35 4.2.1 Questionnaire Design and Pilot Test 37 4.2.3 Procedure 37 4.3 Method of Data Analysis 38 CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH RESULTS 39 5.1 Respondents Description 39 5.1.1 Respondents Demography 39 5.1.2 Respondents Behavior 40 5.2 Model and Hypotheses Analysis 41 5.2.1 Measurement Model Analysis 42 (a) Reliability Test 42 (b) Validity Test 43 5.2.2 Structure Model and Hypotheses Analysis 45 (a) Collinearity Assessment 45 (b) Structural model and Hypotheses analysis 47 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 53 5.1 Conclusion 53 5.2 Limitation and Recommendation 54 5.3 Theoretical Contribution and Managerial Implication 55 REFERENCES 57

Ahmad N., Billoo M., & Lakhan A. (2012). “Effect Of Product Packaging On Consumer Buying Decision”. Journal of Business Strategies, 6(2), 1-10.
Alpert F.H. & Michael A.K. (1995). “An Empirical Investigation Of Consumer Memory, Attitude, And Perceptions Toward Pioneer And Follower Brands,” Journal of Marketing, 59 (10), 34-45.
Amel H.D. & Yosra A. (2014). “Is Entrepreneurship For You? Effects Of Storytelling On Entrepreneurial Intention”. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(9), 176-193.
Ampuero O., & Vila N. (2006). “Consumer Perceptions of Product Packaging”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(2), 100-112.

Anderson J.C. & David W.G. (1988), “Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach”. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-2.
Anna Lundqvist et al (2012). “The Impact Of Storytelling On The Consumer Brand Experience: The Case Of A Firm-Originated Story”. Journal of Brand Management, 20(4), 283-297.
Apaolaza-Ibañez V., Hartmann P., Diehl S. & Terlutter R. (2011). "Women Satisfaction With Cosmetic Brands: The Role of Dissatisfaction and Hedonic Brand Benefits". African Journal of Business Management 5(3), 792-802.
Atkin T., Garcia R. & Lockshin L. (2006), “A Multinational Study of the Diffusion of a Discontinuous Innovation”, Australasian Marketing Journal, 14(2),17-33.
Attokaran M. (2011). “Natural Food Flavors And Colorants”. John Wiley & Sons.
Bellizzi J.A. & Hite R.E. (1992). “Environmental Color, Consumer Feelings and Purchase Likelihood”. Psychology and Marketing, 9(5),347–363.
Benson L.M., Bruce M. & Hogg M.K. (2000). “An Investigation Into the Impact of Consumers’ Personality Traits on Their Color Preference”, In B. Wierenga, A. Smidts and G. Antonides, EMAC Conference Proceedings, 29. Rotterdam: Erasmus University, 118.
Bloch P.H. (1995). “Seeking the Ideal Form: Product Design and Consumer Response”. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 16−29.

Bloch P.H., Brunel F. F. & Arnold T.J. (2003). “Individual Differences in the Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics: Concept and Measurement”. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(4), 551−565.

Bone P.F. & Karen R.F. (2001). "Package Graphics and Consumer Product Beliefs,"
Journal of Business and Psychology, 15 (3), 467-489.
Botz-Bornstein T. (2011), “The Cool-Kawaii : Afro-Japanese Aesthetics and New World Modernity”, Lanham, Md: Lexington.

Brakus J. J., Schmitt B. H. & Zarantonello L. ( 2009 ). “Brand Experience. What Is It? How Is It Measured? Does It Affect Loyalty?”. Journal of Marketing 73 (3), 52 – 68.

Brée J. & Cegarra J.J. (1994), “Les Personnages, Éléments de Reconnaissance des Marques par les Enfants”, Revue Française du Marketing, 146, 17-35.
Brewer C. (2006). “The Verbal and Visual Components of Package Design”, Journal of Product and Brand Management, 9(1), 56-70.
Burke, Marian C. & Julie A.E. (1989). “The Impact of Feelings on Ad-Based Affect and Cognition,” Journal of Marketing Research, 26 (1), 69-83.

Burt S. (2004). “Essential Oils: Their Antibacterial Properties and Potential Applications in Foods.” International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94, 223-253.
Cagan J. (2009). “Unwrapping the Good News: Packaging Pays, and" How"! The Role of Packaging in Influencing Product Valuation”. Advances in Consumer Research, 8.

Callcott & Alvey P.A (1991). “Toons Sell…and Sometimes They Don’t: An Advertising Spokes-Character Typology and Exploratory Study”. Conference of American Academy of Advertising, 43-52
Callcott & Lee W. (1994). “A Content Analysis of Animation and Animated Spokes-Characters in Television Comercials, Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 1-12.
Carrus G., Passafaro P. & Bonnes M. (2008). “Emotions, Habits and Rational Choices in Ecological Behaviours: The Case of Recycling and Use of Public Transportation”. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 51–61.
Celhay F. (2014). “Package Graphic Design: “Investigating the Variables that Moderate Consumer Response to Atypical Designs”. Journal of Product Innovation and Management.
Celiktas O.Y., Kocabas E.E.H., Bedir E., Sukan F.V., Ozek T. & Baser K.H.C. (2007). “Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol Extracts and Essential Oils of Rosmarinus Officinalis, Depending on Location and Seasonal Variations”. Food Chemistry, 100, 553-559.
Chandon P., John H., Scott Y.& Eric B. (2009). “Does In-Store Marketing Work? Effects of the Number and Position of Shelf Facings on Brand Attention and Evaluation at the Point of Purchase,” INSEAD Working Papers.

Child I.L., Hansen J.A. & Hornbeck F.W. (1968). “Age and Sex Differences in Children’s Color Preferences”. Child Development, 39, 237–247.

Cross G. (2004). “The Cute and the Cool. Wondrous Innocence and Modern American Children’s Culture”, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
D’Souza C., Taghian M. & Lamb P. (2006). “An Empirical Study on the Influence of Environmental Labels on Consumers”. An International Journal of Corporate Communications, 11(2), 162-173.

Day G.S. & Terry D. (1982). "Attitudinal Predictions of Choices of Major Appliance Brands," Journal of Marketing Research, 19(5), 192-198.
De La Ville V.I. & Tartas V. (2008), “Transformer la Participation de L’enfant aux Activités de Consommation Alimentaire”, Enfance, 60(3), 299-307.
Dell’Era C. & Verganti R. (2007). “Strategies of Innovation and Imitation of Product Languages”. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24(6), 580–99.
Deng X. & Kahn B.E. (2009). “Is Your Product on the Right Side? The “Location Effect” on Perceived Product Heaviness and Package Evaluation,” Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (6), 725-738.

Dotz, Warren, Jim M. & John W.L (1996). “What a Character! Twentieth-Century American Advertising Icon”, San Franciso: Chronicle Books.
Edell, J.A. & Marian C.B. (1987). “The Power of Feelings in Understanding Advertising Effects,” Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (3), 421-433.

Edris A.E. (2007). “Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Potentials of Essential Oils and Their Individual Volatile Constituents: A Review”. Phytother Res, 21, 308–323.
Etcoff N.L., Stock S., Haley L.E., Vickery S.A. & House D.M. (2011). “Cosmetics as a Feature of the Extended Human Phenotype: Modulation of the Perception of Biologically Important Facial Signals”. PLoS ONE, 6(10).
Fishbein, Martin & Icek A. (1975). “Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Reading”, MA:Addison-Wesley.
Fog, K. (2010). “Storytelling: Branding in practice ”. Springer
Folkes V. & Shashi M. (2004). "The Effect of Package Shape on Consumers' Judgments of Product Volume: Attention as a Mental Contaminant," Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (2), 390-401.

Folse J.A, Netemeyer R.G., & Burton S. (2012). “Spokescharacters: How the Personality Traits of Sincerity, Excitement, and Competence Help to Build Equity”. Journal of Advertising, 41(1), 17–32.
Fournier (1998). “Consumer and Their Brand: Developping Relationship Theory in Consumer Research”, Journal of Consumers Research, 24(3), 343-373.
Gabriel Y. (2000). “Storytelling in Organizations: Facts, Fictions and Fantasies”. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
Garretson J.A. & Niedrich R.W. (2004). “Creating Character Trust and Positive Brand Attitudes”. Journal of Advertising, 33(2), 25-36.
Glocker M.L., Langleben D.D., Ruparel K., Loughead J.W., Valdez J.N., et al. (2009). “Baby Schema Modulates the Brain Reward System in Nulliparous Women”. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 9115–9119.
Gordon A., Finlay K. & Watts T. (1994). “The Psychological Effects of Color in Consumer Product Packaging”. Canadian Journal of Marketing Research, 13, 3–11.
Gorn G.J., Chattopadhyay A., Yi T. & Dahl D.W. (1997). “Effects of Color as an Executional Cue in Advertising: They’re In The Shade”. Management Science, 43(10), 1387–1400.
Green M.C. & Brock T.C. (2000). “The Role of Transportation in the Persuasiveness of Public Narratives ”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701.
Hammer K.A., Carson C.F., Dunstan J.A., Hale J., Lehmann H., Robinson C.J., Prescott S.L. & Riley, T.V. (2008). “Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Five Taxandria Fragrans Oils in Vitro”. Microbiology and immunology, 52, 522-530.
Hansen F. (2005). “Distinguishing Between Feelings and Emotions in Understanding Communication Effects”. Journal of Business Research, 58, 1426-1436.
Harris D. (2000). “Cute, Quaint, Hungry and Romantic: The Aesthetics of Consumerism”. New York, NY:Basic Books.
Harris M.A.B. (2007). “Getting Carried Away: Understanding Memory and Consumer Processing of Perceived Storytelling in Advertisements”. DISSERTATION for the degree of doctor of philosophy
Hay R.K., & Waterman P. G. (1993). “Volatile Oil Crops: Their Biology, Biochemistry And Production”. Longman Scientific and Technical, UK.
Heath, R.P. "The Wonderful World of Color". Marketing Tools, 4(9), 44-51.
Hellström D. & Saghir, M. (2007). “Packaging and Logistics Interactions in Retail Supply Chain”. Packaging Technology andScience, 20, 197–216.
Hémar-Nicolas V. (2011). “Brand Characters on Packaging, a Catalyst for Children's Purchase Request: The Moderating Effect of the Narrative Presentation of the Character, the Child's Familiarity with the Character and the Child's Educational Level”. Recherche Et Applications En Marketing, 26(4), 23-50
Hémar-Nicolas, V., & Gollety, M. (2012). “Using Brand Character when Targeting Children: What For? An Exploration of Managers' and Children's Viewpoints”. Young Consumers, 13(1), 20-29.
Hertenstein J., Marjorie B. P. & Robert W. V. (2004). “The Impact of Industrial Design Effectiveness on Corporate Financial Performance,” Journal of Product Innovation, 22(1), 3-21.

Heuberger E. (2010). “Central Nervous System Effects of Essential Oils in Humans”. In: Bas¸er KH, Buchbauer G, editors. Handbook of essential oils. Science, technology, and applications. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 281–97.

Holbrook M. B. & Rajeev B. (1987). “Assessing the Role of Emotions as Mediators of Consumer Responses to Advertising,” Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (3), 404-42.

Hubert M., Hubert M., Florack A., Linzmajer M. & Kenning P. (2013). “Neural Correlates of Impulsive Buying Tendencies during Perception of Product Packaging”. Psychol. Mark., 30, 861–873.
Hwang J., Yoon Y. S., & Park N. H. (2011). “Structural Effects of Cognitive and Affective Reponses to Web Advertisements, Website and Brand Attitudes, and Purchase Intentions: The Case of Casual-Dining Restaurants”. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 897-907.
Jönson, G. (2000). “Packaging Technology for the Logistician”, 2nd Ed., Lund University.
Jordan P.W. & Green (2001). “Pleasure with Products: Beyond Usability”
Kapferer J.N. (1985), L’enfant et la publicité, Paris, Dunod.
Kauppinen-Räisänen H. (2014). “Strategic Use of Color in Brand Packaging”. Packaging Technology and Science, 27, 663–676.
Keller K.L. (1993). “Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity”. The Journal of Marketing, 1-22.
Keller K.L., Parameswaran M.G. & Jacob I. (2011). “Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity ”. Pearson Education India
Kinsella S. (1995). ‘‘Cuties in Japan’’, Women, Media, and Consumption in Japan”, University of Hawaı
Press, Honolulu, HI, 220-254.

Klink R.R. (2003). "Creating Meaningful Brands: The Relationship between Brand Name and Brand Mark." Marketing Letters, 14(3), 143-157.
Kotler, Philip & Alexander R. (1984). “Design: A Powerful but Neglected Strategic Tool,” Journal of Business Strategy, 5(2), 16-21.

Kringelbach M.L., Lehtonen A., Squire S., Harvey A.G., Craske M.G., et al. (2008) “A Specific and Rapid Neural Signature for Parental Instinct”. PLoS ONE, 3(2), e1664.
Kwallek N., Lewis C.M. & Robbins A.S. (1988). “Effects of Office Interior Color on Workers’ Mood and Productivity”. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 123–128.
Lang G, Buchbauer G. (2012). “A Review on Recent Research Results (2008–2010) on Essential Oils as Antimicrobials And Antifungals”. A review. Flavour Fragr J, 27,13–39.
Lawrence D. (2003), “The Role of Characters in Kids Marketing”, International Journal of Advertising and Marketing to Children, 4(3), 43-48.
Lee K. (2008). “Opportunities for Green Marketing: Young Consumers”. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 26(6), 573-586.
Lobmaier J.S, Sprengelmeyer R., Wiffen B. & Perrett D.I. (2010). “Female and Male Responses to Cuteness, Age, and Emotion in Infant Faces”. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 16-21.
Mazzocco P.J., Green M.C., Sasota J.A., & Jones N.W. (2010). “This Story is not for Everyone: Transportability and Narrative Persuasion” . Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(4), 361-368.
Merchant A., Ford J.B. & Sargeant A. (2010). “Charitable Organizations Storytelling Influence on Donors Emotions and Intentions” . Journal of Business Research 63 (7), 754 -762.
Miller C. et al. (2009). “Need for Cognition as a Moderator of Affective and Cognitive Elements in Online Attitude Toward the Brand Formation”, Journal of Business and Economics Research, 7(12), 65–72.
Mizerski R.W., Neil A.A. & Stephen C. (1980). “A Controlled Field Study of Corrective Advertising UsingMultiple Exposures and a Commercial Medium,” Journal ofMarketing Research, 17(8), 341-80.
Nash R., Fieldman G., Hussey T., Lévêque J.L. & Pineau P. (2006). “Cosmetics: They Influence More Than Caucasian Female Facial Attractiveness”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 493–504.
Nenkov G. Y. & Scott M.L. (2014). “So Cute I Could Eat It Up: Priming Effects of Cute Products on Indulgent Consumption”. Journal of Consumer Research, 41, 326-341.

Nittono H., Fukushima M., Yano A. & Moriya H. (2012). “The Power of Kawaii: Viewing Cute Images Promotes a Careful Behavior and Narrows Attentional Focus”. PLoS ONE, 7(9).
Nittono H. (2013). “The Two-Layer Model of Kawaii”: A Behavioural Science Framework for Understanding Kawaii and Cuteness”. 5th International Congress of International Association of Societies of Design Research (Tokyo, Japan, 30 August 2013).
Ntalli N.G, Ferrari F., Giannakou I., Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U. (2010). “Phytochemistry and Nematicidal Activity of the Essential Oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae Aromatic Plants and 13 Terpene Components”. Journzl of Agric Food Chem, 58, 7856–63.
Omelia J. (1996). “Licensed Character Drive Kids' Toiletries Market”. Drug & cosmetic industry, 159(6), 43-45.
Otterbring T., Shams P., Wästlund E. & Gustafsson A. (2013). “Left isn't Always Right: Placement of Pictorial and Textual Package Elements”. British Food Journal, 115(8), 1211-1225.
Person O., Schoormans J., Snelders D., & Karjalainen T.M. (2008). “Should New Product Look Similar or Different? The Influence of the Market Environment on Strategic Product Styling”. Design Studies 29, 30–48.
Petty, Richart & John C. (1981). “Attitudes and Persuasion: Classic and Contemporary Approaches”, Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
Podsedek A., Sikora M., Kalemba D. (2009). “The Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils”. SOFW J, 135, 2–5.
Porter G. (1999). “Cultural Forces and Commercial Constraints: Designing Packaging in the Twentieth-Century United States”. Journal of Design History, 12(1), 25–43.
Profusek P.J. & Rainey D.W. (1987). “Effects of Baker-Miller Pink and Red on State Anxiety, Grip Strength and Motor Precision”. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65, 941–942.
Raghubir P. & Eric A.G. (2006). "Ratios in Proportion: What Should the Shape of the Package Be?" Journal of Marketing, 70 (2), 95-107.

Reimann M., Zaichkowsky, Judith N., Carolin B., Weber T.B. (2010). “Aesthetic Package Design: A Behavioral, Neural, and Psychological Investigation”. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(4),431-441.
Research and Markets (2015) "Global Cosmetics Market - by Product Type, Ingredient, Geography, and Vendors - Market Size, Demand Forecasts, Industry Trends and Updates, Supplier Market Shares 2014- 2020. (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/f2lvdg/global_cosmetics)
Ruiz S. & Sicilia M. (2004). “The Impact of Cognitive and/or Affective Processing Styles on Consumer Response to Advertising Appeals”. Journal of Business Research, 57(6), 657-664.
Ryan M.J. & Bonfield E.H. (1980). “Fishbein's Intentions Model: A Test of External and Pragmatic Validity”. Journal of Marketing, 44, 32-95.
Schmitt B. & Simonson A. (1997), “Marketing Aesthetics”, The Free Press, New York, NY.
Schmitt B., Zarantonello L. & Brakus J. (2009). “ Brand Experience: What is It? How is It Measured? Does it Affect Loyalty?”. Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 52-68.
Schoormans, J.P.L & Robben H.S.J. (1997), "The Effect of New Package Design on Product Attention, Categorization and Evaluation", Journal of Economic Psychology, 18(2-3), 271-287.
Sheng L. & Zhu M.J. (2014). “Inhibitory Effect of Cinnamomum Cassia Oil on Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli”. Food Control, 46, 374-381.
Shimp T.A. & Alican K. (1984), "The Theory of Reasoned Action Applied to Coupon Usage," Journal of Consumer Research. 2(12), 795-809.
Shiv B. & Alexander F. (1999), “Heart and Mind in Conflict: The Interplay of Affect and Cognition in Consumer Decision Making,” Journal of Consumer Research, 26 (2), 278-292.

Silayoi P. & Speece M. (2004). “Packaging and Purchase Decisions: A Focus Group Study on the Impact of Involvement Level and Time Pressure,” British Food Journal, 106( 8), 607-28.

Simms C. & Trott P. (2014). “Conceptualizing the Management of Packaging within New Product Development: A Grounded Investigation in the UK Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry”. European Journal of Marketing, 48(11), 2009–2032.
Smith R.E. (1993), “Integrating Information from Advertising and Trial: Processes and Effects on Consumer Response to Product Information”. Journal of Marketing Research, 30 (5), 204-19.
Sookyung C. (2012) “Aesthetic and Value Judgment of Neotenous Objects: Cuteness as a Design Factor and Its Effects on Product Evaluation”. PhD dessertation, The University of Michigan.
Wang S.T. (2013). “The Influence of Visual Packaging Design on Perceived Food Product Quality, Value, and Brand Preference”. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 41(10), 805-816.

Statistics Brain (2015), Attention Span Statistics, http://www.statisticbrain.com/attention-span-statistics/
Sullivan E. (2008). “Color Me Profitable”. Marketing News, 15.

Sundar A., Noseworthy T.J., & Machleit K.A. (2013), “Beauty in a Bottle: Package Aesthetics Cues Efficacy Beliefs of Product Performance”, Advances in Consumer Research, 41, 400-404.

Thompson (2002). “Coldwell Expands Icon from Web to TV Ads, Signs”, Advertising Age, 73(4), 40.
Tisserand R. B. (1997). “In the Art of Aromatherapy”; Healing Arts Press: Rochester, VT.
Tongnuanchan P. & Benjakul S. (2014), “Essential Oils: Extraction, Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation”. Journal of Food Science, 79(7), 1231-1249.
Townsend J.D., Mitzi M.M & Roger J. C. (2011). “Form and Function: A Matter of Perspective,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(3), 374-377.

Townsend, Claudia & Sanjay S. (2010), “The Impact of Product Design on Choice: A Dual Process Explanation,” Working paper.
Turner A. (1995), “Prepacked Food Labelling: Past, Present and Future”, British Food Journal, 97(5), 23-31.
Ulger B. (2009), “Packages With Cartoon Trade Characters Versus Advertising: An Empirical Examination of Preschoolers’ Food Preferences”, Journal of Food Products Marketing, 15(1), 104-117.
Underwood R.L. & Klein N.M. (2002), “Packaging as Brand Communication: Effects of Product Pictures on Consumer Responses to the Package and Brand”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(4), 58-68.
Underwood R.L. (2003), “The Communicative Power of Product Packaging: Creating Brand Identity via Lived and Mediated Experience”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 11(1), 62-76.
Valdez P. (1993). “Emotion Responses to Color”. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
VanHurley V. L. (2008). “The Influence of Packaging Color on Consumer Purchase Intent: The Influence of Color at the Point of Purchase”. Doctoral dissertation. Michigan State University.
Veryzer R.W. (1999), “A Nonconscious Processing Explanation of Consumer Response to Product Design,” Psychology and Marketing, 16 (6), 497-522.

Wansink B. & Koert V.I. (2005). “Shape of Glass and Amount of Alcohol Poured: Comparative Study of Effect of Practice and Concentration,” British Medical Journal, 331(7531), 1512-1514.
Wansink B. (1996). "Can Package Size Accelerate Usage Volume?" Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 1-14.

Weller L. & Livingston R. (1988) “Effects of Color of Questionnaire on Emotional Responses”. Journal of General Psychology, 115(4), 433–440.
Wigley S. & Chiang C.L.R. (2009), “Retail Internationalisation in Practice: Per Una in the UK and Taiwan”, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(3), 250-270.
Williams M.M. (1991) “Effects of Color in Print Advertising”. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin.
Yang, Sha & Priya Raghubir (2005), "Can Bottles Speak Volumes? The Effect of Package Shape on How Much to Buy". Journal of Retailing, 81 (4), 269-281.

Yinuo L. (2011). “How Package Designing of Cosmetics Affect Female Consumer’s Purchasing Behavior”. International Business, Ph.D Thesis, Arcada.
Yomota I. (2006). “Kawaii ron [Essay on “kawaii” (in Japanese)], Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo.
Zajonc R. B. (1980), "Feeling and Thinking: Preferences need no Inferences," American Psychologist, 35(2), 151-175.

QR CODE