隨著歐盟成員國的電子電機設備危害性物質限制指令（RoHS）以及國內環保意識逐漸抬頭之下，無鹵阻燃劑之研究日益受到重視。針對日漸擴大的綠色材料市場，以及急切需求難燃性質的產品應用，若能開發出具有無鹵阻燃性之TPU環保材料，燃燒時不造成環境汙染等問題，將可結合業者之量產能力拓展新事業，以提升產業競爭力及國際化能力。
本研究將濕式研磨奈米化之添加型無鹵素磷酸酯系及磷氮系阻燃劑，加入可撓性且高透明之雙液型PU樹脂polyester polyol與hexamethylene diisocyanate作為塗料，均勻攪拌混合後塗佈於TPU基材上，其奈米塗料透光率須大於80％，且材料試片經UL 94 V垂直燃燒測試後，須達成V-0之耐燃等級。
實驗上利用熱重損失分析儀（TGA）分析各阻燃劑之熱裂解溫度等熱性質，歸納出阻燃劑之熱裂解溫度（Tdr）須小於PU塗料母材之熱裂解溫度（Tdm），方可發揮阻燃作用，並使用SEM觀察阻燃劑微粒之形態及量測粒徑大小，結果顯示粒徑愈大之阻燃粒子，其阻燃效果愈差。接著利用濕式研磨法將微米級大小之阻燃劑研磨至奈米尺寸，並以動態光散射儀（DLS）量測其粒徑大小，添加相同濃度之阻燃劑粒徑愈小，其透光率愈高。實驗結果顯示，磷酸酯系阻燃劑A-200經濕式研磨奈米化後，與高透明性液體阻燃劑FTPA複合之塗料，其UV-Vis透光率可達80％以上，塗佈於TPU上經燃燒測試後，並符合UL 94 V-0之耐燃等級，以達成本研究目標之TPU無鹵阻燃奈米樹脂塗料。

The research on halogen-free nano flame retardant paint is attracted more attentions due to Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) announced by European Union and rising concept of green environment. Therefore it is important and essential to develop halogen-free flame retardant of TPU-based green materials to improve industrial competitiveness and internationalization in enlarging green materials markets.
In this research the halogen-free flame retardants for TPU substrate were successfully prepared and characterized. We employed high transparent double-liquid type PU resin (polyester polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate) as coating solutions. The solutions were mixed homogeneously with halogen-free phosphate ester and Phosphazene type flame retardants respectively. Afterwards the mixture solutions were nanosized by wet milling technique. Finally the mixtures were coated on TPU substrate as TPU-based halogen-free nano flame retardants. The SEM morphology, thermal properties, UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and flame retardancy of coated TPU were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed the smaller particle size of flame retardant the better flame retardancy of coated TPU. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that flame retardancy occurred when the degradation temperature(Td) of flame retardant is lower Td of TPU. UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that the smaller particle sizes of flame retardant the higher transparency of coated TPU which can reach to over 80%. Flame retardancy measurement demonstrated that coated TPU can obtain UL94 V-0 flammability standard. These results suggest the developed approach is an effective way to fabricate TPU-based halogen-free flame retardants.

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