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研究生: legesse Abaddi Sengal
Legesse Abaddi
論文名稱: 以化學穩定劑對臺北天然粉土質黏土之電動性質影響實驗研究
Experimental investigation of the effect of electrokinetic on natural Taipei silty clay using chemical stabilizers
指導教授: 歐章煜
Chang-Yu Ou
口試委員: 楊國鑫
Kuo-Hsin Yang
謝百鈎
Pio-Go Hsieh
鄧福宸
Fu-Chen Teng
林宏達
Horn-Da Lin
歐章煜
Chang-Yu Ou
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 155
中文關鍵詞: 動電穩定pH值沉澱聚合臺北粉土質黏土
外文關鍵詞: Electrokinetic stabilization, pH, precipitation, polymerization, Taipei silty cl
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應用動電穩定系統(Electrokinetic stabilization system)有增加土壤強度及減少軟弱土壤沉陷量的可能性,本研究旨在探討鈣離子(Ca2+ ions)及pH值對臺北粉土質黏土抗剪強度的影響,以提高土壤強度。此研究進行一系列的試驗以氯化鈣(Calcium chloride)、氫氧化鉀(Potassium hydroxide)和矽酸鈉(Sodium silicate)溶液注入臺北粉土質黏土中並以不同的時間處理。試驗後量測試體的含水量、pH值、鈣離子濃度、圓錐阻抗、溶液注入量及排水量。其試驗結果因臺北粉土質黏土的電滲滲透係數低,故與高嶺土相比其溶液注入量、排水量、鈣離子濃度及試驗後的土壤強度均較其低。
經過12-48小時處理後的土壤試體,由於處理時間短,土壤強度沒有明顯改善。 然而經過120小時處理後,因鈣離子沉澱及土壤固結的影響,土壤試體1.5MC120的強度有所增加。通過將這些研究的試驗結果與高嶺土的試驗結果進行比較,建立出適用於臺北粉土質黏土的氯化鈣溶液濃度及合適注入時間的注入程序,即1.5MC48、0.2MC120和0.75MC120。依次向土壤試體注入氯化鈣、氫氧化鉀和矽酸鈉可觀察到由於存在某種程度的矽酸鈉聚合及陰極處的土壤固結,在陽極處的土壤強度有明顯改善。
研究顯示,以96小時內分別在陽極和陰極以0.2MCaCl2處理的土壤試體,其圓錐阻抗分別提高了554.84%和116.49%。 與1.5MC120處理的現場1土壤樣品的土壤強度相比,陽極和陰極的圓錐阻抗分別增加307.14%和180.46%。


The application of an electrokinetic stabilization system has the potential to increase the soil strength and reduce the settlement of the soft soil. This study aimed to examine the effect of Ca2+ions and pH on the shear strength of Taipei silty clay and to maximize the soil strength. A series of experimental tests were conducted using calcium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and sodium silicate solutions injecting into Taipei silty clay for different treatment times. After the tests, water content, pH, concentration of Ca2+ ions, cone resistance, injection volume, and drainage water volume were measured. As a result, the injection volume, drainage water volume, concentrations of Ca2+ ions, and strength were observed low as compared to kaolinite because Taipei silty clay possessed a low coefficient of electro-osmotic permeability. After 12-48 h treatment, no significant improvement in soil strength occurred due to the short treatment time. However, after 120 h treatment, the soil strength of 1.5MC120 increased moderately due to Ca2+ precipitation and soil consolidation. By comparing the results from those basic studies with those of kaolinite, an appropriate injection procedure with concentration of calcium chloride solution and suitable injection time, i.e., 1.5MC48, 0.2MC120, and 0.75MC120, for Taipei silty clay were established. Injection of calcium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and sodium silicate sequentially inthe to soil was observed significant improvement at anode due to the presence of some extent of polymerization of sodium silicate as well as due to soil consolidation the at cathode. As a result, the cone resistance was increased 554.84% and 116.49% times that of treated soil with 0.2MCaCl2 for 96 hours at anode and cathode, respectively. The cone resistance was increased by 307.14% and 180.46% at anode and cathd e, respectively as compared to the soil strength of 1.5MC120 in soil sample site-1.

ABSTRACT摘要 I ACKNOWLEDGMENT III LIST OF TABLES IX LIST OF FIGURES X LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS XVI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem statement 4 1.3 Objectives 5 1.4 Contribution to the knowledge 5 1.5 Scope of the study 6 1.6 Thesis structure 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Clay water-electrolyte system 8 2.3 Diffuse double layer 9 2.4 Electro-osmotic chemical treatment phenomena in soils 10 2.4.1 Electro-osmosis 10 2.4.2 Electrolysis 12 2.4.3 Electromigration 13 2.4.4 Cation exchange 13 2.4.5 Ion selectivity 13 2.5 Flow theories 14 2.5.1 Hydraulic flow 14 2.5.2 Electrical flow 15 2.5.3 Chemical flow 15 2.5.4 Thermal flow 16 2.5.5 Electro-osmosis flow 16 2.6 Soil improvement using calcium ions 18 2.7 Effects of pH in the colloidal silica-water system 24 2.7.1 Condensation and polymerization 24 2.7.2 Aggregation of particles 27 2.7.3 Soil improvement using sodium silicate solution 28 2.8 ECT tests with different chemical solutions 30 2.8.1 Injecting CaCl2 solution before sodium silicate solution 30 2.8.2 pH neutralization of anode before injecting sodium silicate solution 34 2.8.3 Effect of replacing the acidified sodium silicate solution and extended duration by injecting deionized water 38 2.8.4 The movement and concentration of calcium ions during ETC 41 2.8.6 Effect of voltage on electrokinetic chemical treatment 44 2.9 ECT tests on silty clay 47 2.10 Summary 51 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, MATERIALS, EXPERIMENTAL SETUP, AND APPARATUS 54 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Research methodology 54 3.3 Experimental material 57 3.3.1 Electrode 57 3.3.2 Sample preparation 58 3.3.3 Chemical solutions and deionized water 60 3.3.4 Filter paper 61 3.4 Experimental apparatus 61 3.4.1 Electro-osmotic chemical treatment test cell 61 3.4.2 Cylinders and piezometer 63 3.4.3 Monitoring system setup 65 3.4.4 Power supply 66 3.4.5 ECT experimental procedure 68 3.4.6 Set up the ECT test cell 68 3.4.7 Set up of cylinders, monitors, and power supply 69 3.4.8 Cylinders and piezometers 69 3.4.9 Treatment stage 70 3.5 Laboratory test 70 3.5.1 Cone penetration test 70 3.5.2 Loading system 73 3.5.3 Water content measurement 74 3.5.4 pH measurement 75 3.5.5 ICP-AES analysis 77 3.6 Summary 78 CHAPTER 4: INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM IONS AND pH ON THE SHEAR STRENGTH FOR SOIL SAMPLES SITE-1 79 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Water content distribution 79 4.3 Variation of pH 83 4.4 Coefficient of electro-osmotic permeability 86 4.5 Calcium concentrations 87 4.6 Total injection and drainage water volume 89 4.7 Cone resistance 92 4.8 Discussion 97 4.9 Summary 101 CHAPTER 5: STRENGTH OF SILTY CLAY USING CHEMICAL STABILIZERS FOR SOIL SAMPLE SITE-2 102 5.1 Introduction 102 5.2 Water content distribution 102 5.3 Variation of pH 106 5.4 Total injection and drainage volumes 110 5.5 Concentrations of calcium ions 114 5.6 Cone resistance 116 5.7 Discussion 121 5.8 Summary 125 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS 126 6.1 Summary 126 6.2 Conclusions 126 6.3 Further investigations 128 REFERENCES 129

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