本論文利用動態光散射、光學顯微鏡(OM)、偏光顯微鏡(POM)、螢光光學顯微鏡(FOM)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)、廣角X-光繞射儀(WAXD)、同步輻射中心溫度相關廣角X-光散射儀(Temperature-dependence WAXS)、UV-vis吸收光譜(UV-vis)以及螢光光激發光(PL)光譜儀進行聚芴[poly(9,9-di(2-(2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)] (PFOEO3)在不同聚苯乙烯稀釋效應下對混摻的PFOEO3/a-PS溶液、滴鑄薄膜、初紡纖維的聚集形態(morphology)、微結構(microstructure)及光物理性質(photophysical properties)影響的研究：
第二章為探討在a-PS分子稀釋效應對PFOEO3共軛高分子在PFOEO3/DMF與PFOEO3/a-PS/DMF溶液中的聚集行為及其光物理性質的研究。由結果發現PFOEO3共軛高分子在PFOEO3/DMF溶液中較易形成PFOEO3共軛高分子鏈間的聚集結構，並導致PFOEO3高分子在PFOEO3/DMF溶液中的光激發光顏色的紅移並影響PFOEO3高分子在PFOEO3/DMF溶液中的發光強度。相對的，在添加大量的a-PS分子鏈以進行稀釋條件下，對PFOEO3分子鏈在PFOEO3/a-PS/DMF溶液中的聚集行為明顯的被抑制下來。這現象明顯證明，添加大量的a-PS高分子鏈，將會抑制PFOEO3分子鏈之間的相互作用力，促使PFOEO3共軛高分子鏈之間間距加大，干擾或阻礙PFOEO3共軛高分子鏈在PFOEO3/a-PS/DMF溶液中的聚集行為。
第三章為探討不同含量亂排聚苯乙烯(a-PS)的稀釋效應對PFOEO3混摻電紡奈米纖維之形態的影響，並探討不同溫度效應下PFOEO3/a-PS電紡纖維的微細結構以及發光激制的演變的進行研究。實驗結果發現所製備之PFOEO3/a-PS初紡纖維為平均直徑約1.0-1.5μm且均勻分布的外觀形態。且隨著提高PFOEO3混摻含量，初紡纖維表面型態呈現明顯的微纖狀的順向性結構。並導致較佳的雙折射現象，表示初紡纖維內部PFOEO3以及a-PS分子鏈沿靜電紡絲的牽伸力形成沿著纖維軸方向順向排列。隨後利用UV-vis、PL探討PFOEO3/a-PS溶液、滴鑄薄膜和初紡纖維的光物理性質由實驗結果得知在電紡過程中的靜電牽伸力會誘導PFOEO3或a-PS分子鏈沿著纖維軸方向排列，因此有助於促進光激發光強度。另一方面，經由DSC及WAXS分析PFOEO3/a-PS電紡纖維內部結構及發光行為隨溫度演變得知，在純PFOEO3低鑄膜顯示PFOEO3的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)約在48℃，低溫結晶化峰(Tct)約在90℃以及結晶熔融化峰約在145℃。相對的，在PFOEO3/a-PS電紡纖維隨溫度效應下得知，當T<Tct時PFOEO3/a-PS初紡纖維為非晶狀態。當T>Tct時PFOEO3/a-PS初紡纖維內的非晶狀的PFOEO3分子鏈逐漸轉變成結晶狀結構。最後，當T>Tm時，PFOEO3/a-PS初紡纖維內的結晶狀的PFOEO3的結晶結構在熔融轉變為無序的熔融體。相對的在溫度效應PL分析中發現PFOEO3/a-PS初紡纖維的PL強度隨溫度的增加而下降，意味隨溫度的增加，在纖維內部的電子、電動對之間的熱運動增加導致抑制電子、電洞對之間的結合。

In this work, we investigated the diluting effect of atactic polystyrene (a-PS) on the morphology of aggregates and microstructure of Poly(9,9-di(2-(2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)fluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFOEO3) and induce it's photophysical properties in the PFOEO3/a-PS solutions and as-spun fibers through the Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Optical microscopy (OM), Polarized optical microscopy (POM), Fluorescence optical microscopy (FOM) Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), UV-visble absorption(UV-vis) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra.

In the second chapter, we provided insights into effect of the diluents of a-PS on the aggregates morphology of the PFOEO3 in PFOEO3/DMF and PFOEO3/a-PS/DMF solutions. Here, the PFOEO3 conjugated chains exhibit more associated aggregates in PFOEO3/DMF solution than that in PFOEO3/a-PS/DMF solution, as the a-PS is added in the PFOEO3/DMF solution. The PFOEO3 conjugated polymer chains in PFOEO3/a-PS/DMF solution can reduce the red-shift and promote the intensity in the PL spectrum. It may be due to the a-PS polymer chains act a diluent to reduce the inter-molecules interaction between PFOEO3’s to form PFOEO3 aggregates in the solution. The aggregates structure of PFOEO3 can be disrupted by heating up to ca. 45 oC.
In the third chapter, we identified the temperature-dependence of the morphology, structure development and photophysical change in electrospun PFOEO3/a-PS as-spun fibers prepared from PFOEO3/a-PS/DMF solution. Here, the PFOEO3/a-PS as-spun fibers exhibit a uniform morphology with average diameter of ca. 1.0–1.5 m. It is clear to see that more extended conformation and well-aligned PFOEO3 chains along the fiber axes induced by the electrostatic stretching force, as PFOEO3 content is increased. The results of UV-vis and PL indicated that the intensity of fluorescence in PFOEO3/a-PS as-spun fibers promote by the more extend PFOEO3 molecular chains on the fibers. Through differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and temperature-dependence in situ wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analyses, the internal structure and the heating effect on the structure development are investigated. Three main features are revealed on heating: (i) the PFOEO3/a-PS as-spun fibers show an amorphous phase at T<Tct. (ii) the amorphous in PFOEO3/a-PS as-spun fibers transform into the PFOEO3 crystal at temperature over the Tct. And (iii) the PFOEO3 crystals disintegrate into molten state at T>Tm. Therefore, the temperature-dependence PL profile revealed that the intensity of PL decreases as temperature increase, corresponding to inhibition of the combination between the electron and hole pairs within fibers by promoting the thermodynamic motion of electron and hole with increasing temperature.

1. Burroughes, J. H.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Brown, A. R.; Marks, R. N.; Mackay, K.; Friend, R. H.; Burns, P. L.; Holmes, A. B. Nature 1990, 347, 539.
2. Gross, M.; Mu‥ ller, D. C.; Nothofer, H. G.; Scherf, U.; Neher, D.; Bra‥ uchle, C.; Meerholz, K. Nature 2000, 405, 661.
3. Hoppe, H.; Sariciftci, N. S. Organic solar cells: An overview. J. Mater. Res. 2004, 19, 1924-1945.
4. Sirringhaus, H.; Brown, P. J.; Friend, R. H.; Nielsen, M. M.; Bechgaard, K.; Langeveld-Voss, B. M. W.; Spiering, A. J. H.; Janssen, R. A. J.; Meijer, E. W.; Herwig, P.; de Leeuw, D. M. Nature 1999, 401, 685.
5. Rahman, M. H.; Chen, C. Y.; Chen, H. L.; Chen, J. H.; Liao, S. C.; Liao, J. L.; Ivanov, V. A.; Chen, S. A. Langmuir 2009, 25, 1667.
6. Li, Y. C.; Chang, Y. X.; Chuang, P. Y.; Chen, H. L.; Chen, J. H.; Hsu, C. S.; Chen, K. B.; Tsao, C. S.; Chen, S. A. Langmuir 2009, 25, 4668.
7. Chen, J. H.; Chang, C. S.; Chang, Y. X.; Chen, C. Y.; Chen, H. L.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 1306.
8. Chen, C. Y.; Chang, C. S.; Huang, S. W.; Chen, H. L.; Chen, J. H.; Su, C. I.; Chen, S.A. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4346.
9. Ihn, K. J.; Moulton, J.; Smith, P. J. Polym. Sci., B: Polym. Phys. 1993, 31, 735.
10. Liu, J. S.; Sheina, E.; Kowalewski, T.; McCullough, R. D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 329.
11. Wu, C. G.; Bein, T. Host. Science 1994, 264, 1757.
12. Martin, C. R. Science 1994, 266, 1961.
13. Noy, A.; Miller, A. E.; Klare, J. E.; Weeks, B. L.; Woods, B. W.; DeYoreo, J. J. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 109.
14. Maynor, B. W.; Filocamo, S. F.; Grinstaff, M. W.; Liu, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 522.
15. MacDiarmid, A. G.; Jones, W. E.; Norris, I. D.; Gao, J.; Johnson, A. T.; Pinto, N. J.; Hone, J.; Han, B.; Ko, F. K.; Okuzaki, H.; Llaguno, M. Synth. Met. 2001, 119, 27.
16. Sun, Z.; Zussman, E.; Yarin, A. L.; Wendorff, J. H.; Greiner, A. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1929.
17. Yu, J. H.; Fridrikh, S. V.; Rutledge, G. C. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 1562.
18. Dan, Li; Babel, A.; Jenekhe, S. A.; Xia, Y. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 2062.
19. Sundarrajan, S.; Murugan, R.; Nair, A. S.; Ramakrishna, S. Mater. Lett. 2010, 64, 2369.
20. Norris, I. D.; Shaker, M. M.; Ko, F. K.; Macdiaramid, A. G. Synth. Met. 2000, 114, 109.
21. Chen, J. Y.; Kuo, C. C.; Lai, C. S.; Chen, W. C.; Chen, H. L. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 2883.
22. Chana, K. H. K.; Yamaob, T.; Kotakia, M.; Hotta, S. Synth. Met. 2010, 160, 2587.
23. Tung, K. P.; Chen, C. C.; Lee, P. W.; Liu, Y. W.; Hong, T. M.; Hwang, K. C.; Hsu, J. H.; White, J. D.; Yang, A. C.-M. ACS Nano 2011, 9, 7296.
24. Pedicine, A.; Farris, R. J. Polymer 2003, 44, 6857.
25. Tosaka, M.; Yamaguchi, K.; Tsuji, M. Polymer 2010, 51, 547.
26. Lord, X. Rayleigh. 1882, 44, 184, 6.
27. Taylor, G. I., Proc, R. Soc. London. Ser. A 1964, 280, 383.
28. Taylor, G. I., J. Fluid., Mech. 1965, 22, 1.
29. Taylor, G. I., Proc R. Soc. London. Ser. A 1966, 291, 145.
30. Taylor, G. I., Proc R. Soc. London. Ser. A 1969, 313, 453.
31. Reneker, D. H., Chun I. Nanotechnology. 1996, 7, 216.
32. Xu, H., Galehouse. D.; Reneker. D. H., Polym. Mater. Sci. and Eng. 2003, 88, 37.
33. Baumgarten, P. K. J.; Collo. Interf. Sci. 1971, 36, 1, 71.
34. Reneker, D.H.; Yarin A. L., Fong H., Koombhongse. S. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 87, 4531.
35. Yarin, L., Koombhongse S.; Reneke D. H. J. Appl. Phys. 2001, 89, 3018.
36. Yarin, L. Koombhongse S.;Reneker. DH. J. Appl. Phys. 2001, 90, 4836.
37. Koombhongse. S.; Liu. W.; Reneker. D.H. J. Polym. Sci. B. Polym. Phys. Ed. 2001, 39, 2598.
38. Vasita R., Katti. DS. Int J Nanomed 2006,1,15–30.
39. 林健樺，以電紡絲製備聚苯乙烯纖維膜，成功大學，民國 92 年。
40. 黃怡慧，以電紡絲製備聚羥基丁酸酯，成功大學，民國 93 年。
41. 王盈淇，溫度效應對電紡絲製備高分子纖維之影響，成功大學，民國 95 年。
42. 張智舜，聚芴共軛高分子在溶液中的聚集及凝膠化行為對其光物理性質影響的研究，民國 99 年。
43. 李佳政，溫度效應對共軛高分子電紡奈米纖維之形態、結構與光物理性質的結構，崑山科技大學，民國 102 年。
44. Special Issue on Organic Electronics: Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4381.
45. Kraft A.; Grimsdale A. C.; Holmes A. B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 402.
46. Chua L. L.; Zaumseil J.; Chang J. F.; Ou E. C.W.; Ho P. K.H.; Sirringhaus H., Friend R. H. Nature 2005, 434, 194.
47. Lin M. M.; Bao Z. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4824.
48. Yu G.; Gao J.; Hummelen J. C.; Wudl F.; Heeger A. J. Science 1995, 270, 1789.
49. Scharber M. C.; Muhlbacher D.; Koppe M.; Denk P.; Waldauf C.; Heeger A. J.; Brabec C. J. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 789.
50. Li G., Shrotriya V.; Huang J.; Yao Y.; Moriarty T.; Emery K.; Yang Y. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 864.
51. Grell M.; Bradley D. D. C.; Inbasekaran M.; Woo E. P. Adv. Mater. 1997, 9, 798.
52. Neher D. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2001, 22, 1365.
53. Tracy, M. A.; Pecora, R. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 1992, 43, 525.
54. Petekidis, G.; Fytas, G.; Witteler, H. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1994, 272, 1457.
55. Tiesler, U.; Rehahn, M.; Ballauff, M.; Petekidis, G.; Vlassopoulos, D.; Maret, G.; Kramer, H. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 6832.
56. van der Schoot, P.; Odijk, T. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1992, 97, 515.
57. Jamieson, A. M.; Southwick, J. G.; Blackwell, J. Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc. 1983, 18, 131.
58. Ferrari, M. E.; Bloomfield, V. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 5266.
59. Weissenburg, P.; Odijk, T.; Cirkel, P.; Mandel, M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 2315.
60. Richtering, W.; Gleim, W.; Burchard, W. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3795.
61. Meyer, E. L.; Fuller, G. G.; Clark, R. C.; Kulicke, W.-M. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 504.
62. Burroughes, J. H.; Bradly, D. D. C.; Brown, A. R.; Marks, R. N.; Mackay, K. Friend, R. H.; Burns, P. L.; Holmes, A. B. Nature 1990, 347, 539.
63. Friend, R. H.; Gymer, R. W.; Holmes, A. B.; Burroughes, J. H.; Marks, R. N.; Taliani, C.; Bradley, D. D. C.; dos Santos, D. A.; Bredas, J. L.; Loglund, M.; Salaneck, W. R. Nature 1999, 397, 121.
64. Spreitzer, H.; Becker, H.; Kluge, E.; Kreuder, W.; Schenk, H.; Demandt, R. and Schoo, H. Adv. Mater. 1998, 10, 1340.
65. Nguyen, T. Q.; Doan, V.; Schwartz, B. L. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 4068.
66. Grell, M.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Ungar, G..; Hill, J.; Whitehead, K. S. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 5810.
67. Collison, C. J.; Rotherberg, L. J.; Treemaneekarn, V.; Li, Y. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 2346.
68. Hsu, J. H.; Fann, W. S.; Tsao, P. H.; Chuang, K. R.; Chen, S. A. J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 2375.
69. Blatchford, J. W.; Jessen, S. W.; Lin, L. B.; Gustafson, T. L.; Fu, D. K.; Wang, H. L.; Swager, T. M.; MacDiarmid, A. G.; Epstein, A. J. Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, 9180.
70. Shi, Y.; Liu, J.; Yang, Y. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 87, 4254.
71. Peng, K. Y.; Chen, S. A.; Fann, W. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11388.
72. Chen, S. H.; Su, A. C.; Huang, Y. F.; Su, C. H.; Peng, G. Y.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 4229.
73. Jones, R. A. L. Soft Condensed Matter, Oxford: New York 2002.
74. Ou-Yang, W. C.; Chang, C. S.; Chen, H. L.; Tsao, C. S.; Peng, K. Y.; Chen. S. A.; Han, C. C. Phys. Rev. E, in press.
75. Roe, R. J. Methods of X-ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science, Oxford: New York 2000.
76. Higgins, J. S.; Benoit, H. C. Polymers and Neutron Scattering, Oxford: New York 1994.
77. Samuel, I. D. W.; Rumbles, G.; Collison, C. J. Phys. Rev. B 1995, R11573.
78. Nguyen, T. Q.; Matrini, I. B.; Liu, J.; Schwartz, B. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 237.
79. Grell, M.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Long, X.; Inbasekaran, M.; Woo, E. P.; Soliman, M.; Acta. Polym. 1998, 49, 439.
80. Grell, M.; Bradley, D. D. C.; Ungar, G.; Hill, J.; Whitehead, K. S.; Macromolecules 1999, 32, 5810.
81. Gong, X.; Iyer, P. K.; Moses, D.; Bazan, G. C.; Heeger, A. J.; Xiao, S. S.; Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 325.
82. Romaner, L.; Pogantsch, A.; de Freitas, P. S.; Scherf, U.; Gaal, M.; Zojer, E.; List, E. J. W.; Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 597.
83. Gaal, M.; List, E. J. W.; Scherf, U. Macromolecules, 2003, 36, 4236.
84. Kulkarni, A. P.; Kong, X.; Jenekhe, S. A. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, 108, 8689.
85. Perahia, D.; Traiphol, R., ; Bunz, U. H. F. J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 117, 1827.
86. Perahia, D.; Jiao, X., Traiphol,; R. J. Polym. Sci.: Part: B 2004, 42, 3165.
87. Atkins, P. W. The Elements of Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 1996.
88. Kittel,C. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 6th edition, John Wiley & Son, Singapore, 1989.
89. 余昀澔，”主鏈含孤立發光基及電子傳遞基團高分子的合成與光電性質”, 國立成功大學化學工程研究所碩士論文，民國92年.
90. Neher D. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2001, 22, 1365.
91. Aime, J. Ramakrishnan, S. Chance, R. Kim, M. J. Phys. France. 1990, 51, 963.
92. Pincus, P. Rossi, G. Cates, M. Europhys. Lett., 1987, 4, 41.
93. Schweizer, K. J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 1156.
94. Heffner, G. W. Pearson, DS. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 6295.
95. Spiegel, D. R. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 3568.
96. Aime J. P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1989, 62, 55.
97. Hagler, T. W.; Pakbaz, K. Voss, ; K F. Heeger, A .J. Phys. Rev. B. 1991, 44, 8652.
98. Smilowitz, L. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 98, 6504.
99. Bassler, H. Syn. Met. 1992, 12, 49.
100. Rauscher, U.; Bassler, H.; Bradley, D. D. C. Hennecke, M. Phys. Rev. B. 1990, 42, 9830.
101. Petekidis, G.; Vlassopoulos, D.; Fytas, G.; Fleischer, G. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 1406.
102. Petekidis, G.; Vlassopoulos, D.; Fytas, G.; Kountourakis, N.; Kumar, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 919.
103. Petekidis, G.; Vlassopoulos, D.; Fytas, G.; Rulkens, R.; Wegner, G. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 6129.
104. Rakchart T.; Nipaphat C.; Toemsak S.; Teerakiat K.; Tanakorn O.; Thitima M.,Polymer 2007, 48, 813.
105. Li, Y. C.; Chen, K. B.; Chen, H. L.; Hsu, C. S.; Tsao, C. S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, S. A. Langmuir 2006, 22, 11009
106. Li, Y. C.; Chang, Y. X.; Chuang, P. Y.; Chen, H. L.; Chen, J. H.; Hsu, C. S.; Chen, K. B.; Tsao, C. S.; Chen, S. A. Langmuir 2009, 25, 4668.
107. Wang, P. S.; Lu, H. H.; Liu, S. Y.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 6500.
108. Traiphol, R.; Sanguansat, P.; Srikhirin, T.; Kerdcharoen, T.; Osotchan, T. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 1165
109. Peng, Q.; Peng, J. B.; Kang, E. T.; Neoh, K. G.; Cao, Y. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 7292.
110. Lin, W. J.; Chen, W. C.; Wu, W. C.; Niu, Y. H.; Jen, A. K. Y. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 2335.
111. Wu, W. C.; Lee, W. Y.; Chen, W. C. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2006, 207, 1131.
112. Wu, W. C.; Liu, C. L.; Chen, W. C. Polymer 2006, 47, 527.
113. Chuang, C. Y.; Shih, P. I.; Chieh, C. H.; Wu F. I.; Shu, C. F. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 247.
114. Kulkarni, A. P.; Jenekhe, S. A. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 5285.
115. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 8978.
116. Ananthakrishnan, N.; Padmanaban, G.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Reynolds, J. R. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 7600.
117. Rathnayake, H. P.; Cirpan, A.; Lahti, P. M.; Karasz, F. E.; Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 560.
118. Martin, C. R. Science 1994, 266, 1961.
119. Wu, C. G.; Bein, T. Science 1994, 264, 1757.
120. Noy, A.; Miller, A. E.; Klare, J. E.; Weeks, B. L.; Woods, B. W.; DeYoreo J. J. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 109.
121. Maynor, B. W.; Filocamo, S. F.; Grinstaff, M. W.; Liu, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 522.
122. Ihn, K. J.; Moulton, J.; Smith, P. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1993, 31, 735.
123. Malik, S.; Nandi, A. K. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2002, 40, 2073.
124. Merlo, J. A.; Frisbie, C. D. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2003, 41, 2674.
125. Liu, J. S.; Sheina, E.; Kowalewski, T.; McCullough, R. D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 329.
126. Frenot, A.; Chronakis, I. S. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003, 8, 64.
127. Li, D.; Xia, Y. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 1151.
128. Norris, I. D.; Shaker, M. M.; Ko, F. K., MacDiarmid A. G. Synth. Met. 2000, 114, 109.
129. Kahol, P. K.; Pinto, N. J. Synth. Met. 2004, 140, 269.
130. MacDiarmid, A. G.; Jones, W. E.; Norris, I. D.; Gao, J.; Johnson, A. T.; Pinto, N. J.; Hone, J.; Han, B.; Ko, F. K.; Okuzaki, H.; Llaguno, M. Synth. Met. 2001, 119, 27.
131. Madhugiri, S.; Dalton, A.; Gutierrez J.; Ferraris, J. P.; Balkus, K. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14531.
132. Yu, J. H.; Fridrikh, S. V.; Rutledge, G. C. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 1562.
133. Sun, Z.; Zussman, E.; Yarin, A. L.; Wendorff, J. H.; Greiner, A. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1929.
134. Dan Li, Babel, A.; Jenekhe S. A.; Xia Y. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 2062.
135. Li, D.; Xia, Y. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 933.
136. Loscertales, I. G.; Barrero, A.; Guerrero, I.; Cortijo, R.; Marquez, M., GaoAaAn-Calvo A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5376.
137. Nguyen, T. Q.; Martini, I. B.; Liu, J.; Schwartz, B. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 237.
138. Yu, G.; Nishino, H.; Heeger, A. J.; Chen, T. A.; Rieke, R. D. Synth. Met. 1995, 72, 249.
139. Zhang, X.; Kale, D. M.; Jenekhe, S. A. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 382.
140. Lee, J. I.; Kang,,I. N.; Hwang, D. H.; Shim, H. K. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 1925.
141. Alam, M. M.; Tonzola, C. J.; Jenekhe, S. A. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 6577.
142. Chen, X. L.; Jenekhe, S. A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 6189.
143. Jenekhe, S. A.; Osaheni, J. A. Science 1994, 265, 765.
144. Osaheni, J. A.; Jenekhe, S. A. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 739.
145. Chen, X. L.; Jenekhe, S. A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 1728.
146. Babel, A.; Wind, J. D.; Jenekhe, S. A. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004, 14, 891.
147. Wang, Y.; Park, J. S.; Leech, J. P.; Miao, S.; Bunz, U. H. F. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 1843.
148. Canetti, M.; Bertini, F.; Scavia, G.; Porzio, W. Europ. Polym. J. 2009, 45, 2572.
149. Chen, C. Y.; Chan, S. H.; Li J. Y.; Wu, K. H.; Chen, H. L.; Chen, J. H.; Huang, W. Y.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 7305.
150. Reneker, D. H.; Yarin, A. L. Polymer 2008, 49, 2387.
151. Tosaka, M.; Hamada, N.; Tsuji, M.; Kohjiya, S.; Ogawa, T.; Isoda, S., Kobayashi T. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 4132.
152. Tosaka, M.; Tsuji, M.; Kohjiya, S.; Cartier, L.; Lotz, B. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 4905.
153. Tosaka, M.; Kamijo, T.; Tsuji, M.; Kohjiya, S.; Ogawa, T.; Isoda, S.; Kobayashi T. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 9666.
154. Tosaka, M.; Yamaguchi, K.; Tsuji, M. Polymer 2010, 51, 547.
155. Burroughes, J. H.; Bradly, D. D. C.; Brown, A. R.; Marks, R. N.; Mackay, K.; Friend, R. H.; Burns, P. L.; Holmes, A. B. Nature 1990, 347, 539.
156. Hoppe, H.; Sariciftic, N. S. J. Mater. Res. 2004, 19, 1924.
157. Knaapila, M.; Stepanyan, R.; Lyons, B. P.; Torkkeli, M.; Monkman, A. P. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 599.
158. Hoeben, F. J. M.; Jonkheijm, P.; Meijer, E. W.; Schenning, A. P. H. J. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1491.
159. Neher, D. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2001, 22, 1365
160. Akcelrud, L. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003, 28, 875.
161. Knaapila, M.; Stepanyan, R.; Torkkeli, M.; Garamus, V. M.; Galbrecht, F.; Nehls, B. S.; Preis, E.; Scherf, U.; Monkman, A. P. Phys. Rev. E 2008, 77, 051803.
162. Chunwaschirasiri, W.; Tanto, B.; Huber, D. L.; Winokur, M. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 107402.
163. Chen, S. H.; Chou, H. L.; Su, A. C.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 6833.
164. Knaapila, M.; Bright, D. W.; Stepanyan, R.; Torkkeli, M.; Almasy, L.; Scheweins, R.; Vainio, U.; Preis, E.; Galbrecht, F.; Scherf, U.; Monkman, A. P. Phys. Rev. E 2011, 83, 051803.
165. Lu, H. H.; Liu, C. Y.; Chang, C, H.; Chen, S. A. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 2574.
166. Peet, J.; Brocker, E.; Xu, Y. H.; Bazan, G. C. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20,1882.
167. Chen, J. H.; Li, Y. C.; Chang, Y. X.; Chen, H. L.; Hsu, C. S.; Chen, K. B.; Tsao, C. S.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 1306.
168. Chen, C. Y.; Chang, C. S.; Huang, S. W.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, H. L.; Su, C. I.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4346.
169. Reneker, D. H.; Chun, I. Nanotechnology. 1996, 7, 216.
170. Xu, H.; Galehouse, D.; Reneker, D. H., Polym. Mater. Sci. and Eng. 2003, 88, 37.
171. Baumgarten, P. K. J., Collo. Interf. Sci. 1971, 36, 1, 71.
172. Knaapila, M.; Garamus V. M.; Dias F. B.; Almasy L.; Galbrecht F.; Charas, A.; Morgado J.; Burrows H. D.; Scherf U.; Monkman A. P. Macromolecules, 2006, 39, 6505.
173. Knaapila M.; Dias F. B.; Garamus V. M.; Almasy L.; Torkkeli M.; Leppanen K.; Galbrecht F.; Preis E.; Burrows H. D.; Scherf U.; Monkman, A. P. Macromolecules, 2007, 40, 9398.
174. Knappila, M.; Torkkeli, M.; Monkman, A. P. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 3610-3614.
175. Knaapila, M.; Stepanyan, R.; Torkkeli, M.; Garamus, V. M.; Galbrecht, F.; Nehls, B. S.; Preis, E.; Scherf, U.; Monkman, A. P. Phys. Rev. E 2008, 77,051803.
176. Cheum, H.; Galbrecht, F.; Nehls, B. S.; Scherf, U.; Winokur, M. J. Lumin. 2007, 122, 212.
177. Zhu, R.; Lin, J. M.; Wang, W. Z.; Zheng, C.; Wei, W.; Huang, W.; Xu, Y. H.; Peng, J. B.; Cao, Y. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 1611.
178. Tang, H. Z.; Fujiki, M.; Sato, T. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 6439.
179. Amis, E. J.; Janmey, P. A.; Ferry, J. D.; Yu, H. Macromolecules 1983, 16, 441.
180. Teraoka, I. Polymer solutions: An introduction to physical properties 2002, John Wiley & Sons: New York.
181. Hennebicq, E.; Pourtois, G.; Scholes, G.D.; Herz, L.M.; Russell, D.M.; Silva, C.; Setayesh, S.; Grimsdale, A.C.; Mullen, K.; Bredas, J.-L.; Beljonne, D.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 4744.
182. Bredas, J.-L.; Beljonne, D.; Coropceanu, V. J. Cornil, Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4971.
183. Li, Y.C.; Chen, K.B.; Chen H.L.; Hsu, C.S.; Tsao, C.S.; Chen, J.H.; Chen, S.A. Langmuir 2006, 22, 11009.
184. Rahman, M. H.; Chen C.Y.; Liao S.C.; Chen H. L.; Tsao C.S.; Chen J. H.; Liao J. L.; Ivanov V.A.; Chen S.A. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6572.
185. Liu, J.; Shi, Y.; Ma, L.; Yang, Y. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 88, 605.
186. Yang, Z.; Hu, B.; Karasz, F. E. J. Macromol. Sci., Part A: Pure Appl. Chem. 1998, A35, 233.
187. Akcelrud, L. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003, 28, 875.
188. Cadby, J.; Lane, P. A.; Mellor, H.; Martin, S. J.; Grell, M.; Giebeler, C.; Bradley, D. D. C. Phys. Rev. B 2000, 62, 15604.
189. Nguyen, T. Q.; Wu, J.; Doan, V.; Schwartz, B. J.; Tolbert, S. H. Science 2000, 288, 652.
190. Chen, S. H.; Wu, Y. H.; Su, C. H.; Jeng, U.; Hsieh, C. C.; Su, A. C.; Chen, S. A. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 5353.
191. Chen, S. H.; Su, C. H.; Su, A. C.; Sun, Y. S.; Jeng, U.; Chen, S. A. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2007, 40, s573.