本論文研究主要探討聚乳酸(Polylactide)與玻璃纖維(Glass fiber)經過混煉後，製造出具有含玻璃纖維性質之功能性的複合材料。射出成型(Injection molding)製程在玻璃纖維比例、熔融溫度、射出速度、保壓壓力、保壓時間與冷卻時間不同下，對於材料機械性質之影響。實驗利用田口方法(Taguchi method)中的直交表規劃，實驗完成後得到各品質數據，經由田口方法的主效果分析與變異數分析(Analysis of variance, ANOVA)理論得到單一品質之製程最佳參數水準組合，再以主成份分析法(Principal component analysis, PCA)與資料包絡分析法(Data envelopment analysis, DEA)分別找出多重品質之製程最佳化參數水準組合。研究結果顯示，若同時考量拉伸強度、硬度、衝擊強度與彎曲強度四項多品質特性時，其由資料包絡分析法所求得之最佳條件其實驗結果較佳，分別為玻璃纖維添加20 wt.%、熔融溫度185℃、射出速度80 mm/s、保壓壓力60 MPa、保壓時間1 sec與冷卻時間15 sec，最後證實本研究所規劃之實驗流程對材料的多重品質特性能有效的提升。

This thesis is concerned with compounding polylactide(PLA) and glass fiber(GF) to give a functional composite material with glass fiber properties. The injection molding process parameters, such as glass fiber ratio, melt temperature, injection speed, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time, generally affect mechanical properties of the composite. The orthogonal array table in Taguchi method is used to design the experiment. The optimal process conditions for single quality are obtained from the qualitative data derived from the experiment by using factor effects and analysis of variance(ANOVA) theory of Taguchi method. The optimal process parameter combination for multiple qualities is determined by principal component analysis(PCA) and data envelopment analysis(DEA), respectively. The four qualities considered in this study are the tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and bending strength. The results show that DEA yields better qualities of PLA/GF composite than PCA. For DEA, the optimal injection molding process conditions are 20 wt.% glass fiber addition, melt temperature 185℃, injection speed 80 mm/s, packing pressure 60 MPa, packing time 1 second and cooling time 15 seconds. This study effectively enhances multiple qualities of PLA/GF composite.

[1]Y. Y. Leu, Z. A. Mohd Ishak and W. S. Chow, “Mechanical thermal and morphological properties of injection molded polylactic acid/sebs-g-mah/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 124, No. 2, pp. 1200-1207, 2012.
[2]P. Ma, X. Wang, B. Liu, Y. Li, S. Chen, Y. Zhang, G. Xu, “Preparation and foaming extrusion behavior of polylactide/polybutylene succinate/montmorillonoid nanocomposite”, Journal of Cellular Plastics, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp.
191-205, 2012.
[3]L. Shen, H. Yang, J. Ying, F. Qiao and M. Peng, “Preparation and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced hydroxyapatite/polylactide biocomposites”, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Vol. 20, No. 11, pp. 2259-2265, 2009.
[4]A. K. Bledzki, A. Jaszkiewicz and D. Scherzer, “Mechanical properties of pla composites with man-made cellulose and abaca fibres”, Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 404-412, 2009.
[5]S. O. An, E. S. Lee and S. L. Noh, “A study on the cutting characteristics of glass fiber reinforced plastics with respect to tool materials and geometries”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 60-67, 1997.
[6]D. M. Bigg, “The impact behavior of thermoplastic sheet composites”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 339-354, 1994.
[7]J. Kastelic, A. Buckley, P. Hope and I. Ward, “Hydrostatic extrusion of glass reinforced and unreinforced celcon pom”, Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 10, pp. 175-191, 1983.
[8]A. Jaszkiewicz, A. K. Bledzki and P. Franciszczak, “Improving the mechanical performance of pla composites with natural, man-made cellulose and glass fibers - a comparison to pp counterparts”, Polimery Journal, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 435-442, 2013.
[9]L. S. Turng, M. Peic and D. K. Bradley, “Process simulation and optimization for injection molding - experimental verification and field application”, Journal of Injection Molding Technology, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 143-155, 2002.
[10]M. H. Chung, “Study on weld-line of abs thin-wall injection molding parts”, Chung Yuan Christian University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
[11]J. W. Bozzelli, J. Cardinal, B. Fierens, “Pressure loss in thin wall moldings”, Spe-Antec Society of Plastics Engineers, Vol. 1, pp. 425-428, 1997.
[12]K. M. B. Jansen, D. J. Van Dijk and M. H. Husselman, “Effect of processing conditions on shrinkage in injection molding”, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 838-846, 1998.
[13]Y. Chang, S. T. Huang, S. W. Huang, S. C. Chen, C. T. Huang, M. C. Chen and V. Yang, “Warpage management using three dimensional thickness control method in injection molding”, Chung Yuan Christian University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
[14]P. Shokri and N. Bhatnagar, “Effect of the Post-Filling Stage on Fiber Orientation at the Mid-Plane in Injection Molding of Reinforced Thermoplastics”, Physics Procedia, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 79-85, 2012.
[15]S. Kamaruddin, Z. A. Khan and S. H. Foong, “Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of Injection Moulding Parameters for Manufacturing Products from Plastic Blend”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 574-580, 2010.
[16]S. K. Karna, R. V. Singh and R. Sahai, “Application of Taguchi Method in Indian Industry”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 387-391, 2012.
[17]S. J. Liu, C. H. Hsu and C. Y. Chang, “Parametric characterization of the thin-wall injection molding of thermoplastic composites”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Vol. 21, No. 11, pp. 1027-1041, 2002.
[18]J. A. Ghani, I. A. Choudhury and H. H. Hassan, “Application of taguchi method in the optimization of end milling parameters”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 145, No. 1, pp. 84-92, 2004.
[19]C. T. Su and L. I. Tong, “Multi-response robust design by principal component analysis”, Total Quality Management, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 409-416, 1997.
[20]J. Antony, “Multi-response optimization in industrial experiments using taguchi's quality loss function and principal component analysis”, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 3-8, 2000.
[21]J. S. Shih, Y. F. Tzeng and J. B. Yang, “Principal component analysis for multiple quality characteristics optimization of metal inert gas welding aluminum foam plate”, Materials and Design, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 1253-1261, 2011.
[22]R. Jeyapaul, P. Shahabudeen and K. Krishnaiah, “Simultaneous optimization of multi-response problems in the taguchi method using genetic algorithm”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 30, No. 9-10, pp. 870-878, 2006.
[23]A. Al-Refaie and M. D. Al-Tahat, “Solving the multi-response problem in Taguchi method by benevolent formulation in DEA”, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 505-521, 2011.
[24]蘇朝墩，產品穩健設計-田口品質工程方法的介紹和應用，中華民國品質學會，2002。
[25]李輝煌，田口方法之品質設計的原理與實務，高立圖書有限公司，2008。
[26]薄喬萍，績效評估之資料包絡分析法，五南圖書出版公司，2005。
[27]薄喬萍，作業研究與資料包絡分析，復文書局，2005。
[28]中國玻璃鋼綜合信息網，RTP公司研發玻璃纖維增強PLA生物基復合材料，來源:中國制造網，2011。