聚二甲基矽氧烷混成水膠薄膜之改質及其眼科性質之探討

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研究生：	林建宏 Chien-hong Lin
論文名稱：	聚二甲基矽氧烷混成水膠薄膜之改質及其眼科性質之探討 Modification of polydimethylsiloxane hybrid hydrogel membranes for ophthalmic properties
指導教授：	楊銘乾 Ming-chien Yang
口試委員:	鍾竺均 Ying-Chien Chung 張豐志 Feng-chih Chang 許應舉 Ying-gev, Hsu 王大銘 Da-Ming Wang
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2010
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	161
中文關鍵詞：	PDMS預聚物、幾丁聚醣、透明質酸、F127 、PEGMA 、親水性、蛋白質吸附、透氧性、無毒性、矽水膠、眼科材料
外文關鍵詞：	PDMS macromer, non-cytotoxic
相關次數：	點閱：426 下載：14
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本研究利用PDMS-diol為軟鏈段，IPDI為硬鏈段與HEMA為鏈延長劑來合成聚矽氧烷凝膠 (PDMS-HEMA) 作為基材。對於此PDMS-HEMA基材，本論文以三種方式加以改質，以作為眼科材料。第一種方式是利用層接式自我組裝方法形成多層聚集來進行PDMS-HEMA的表面改質。第二種方式，則利用Pluronic F127以混摻的方式與PDMS-HEMA形成混摻水膠。第三種方式，係利用PEGMA以共聚合的方式與PDMS-HEMA形成共聚合水膠。
在本論文的第一部分，將PDMS-HEMA，利用氧電漿活化表面，進行丙烯酸接枝，於膜表面產生-COO-基團，然後利用幾丁聚醣(chitosan，CS)與透明質酸 (hyaluronic acid，HA)以層接式自我組裝形成多層聚集結構。由AFM觀察可知聚電解質多層結構之PDMS-HEMA薄膜粗糙度會些微上升。由染料確認可得知幾丁聚醣與透明質酸接枝量也隨固化層增加有線性增加趨勢。接觸角會因透明質酸接枝密度的增加而降低，如此更使親水性提高。由於幾丁聚醣與透明質酸量增加更降低PDMS-HEMA薄膜之蛋白質吸附。此外，在含水率、透氧率與透光率方面，改質前後的PDMS-HEMA無明顯變化。
第二部分，利用Pluronic F127以混摻的方式與PDMS-HEMA形成混摻水膠(PDMS-F127)。由實驗結果可知，其含水率隨著Pluronic F127增加而上升，而接觸角也因Pluronic F127的加入而降低，因而提高水膠的親水性，然而透氧率(oxygen permeability，Dk )則相對地降低，但降低的量並不大，而透光率也有些微地降低。在機械強力(mechanical strength)及楊氏係數(Young’s modulus)方面會隨著Pluronic F127的增加而有下降的趨勢。而在蛋白質吸附試驗中，我們利用BCA蛋白質測定方法來探討，結果顯示Pluronic F127上由於立體結構的影響而能抑制lysozyme的吸附。在細胞毒性方面，以ISO10993-5的判定上屬於0-1級，所以其細胞毒性甚低。
第三部分，PEGMA以共聚合的方式與PDMS-HEMA形成共聚合水膠(PDMS-PEGMA)，由結果得知，在PDMS-PEGMA矽水膠中，PEGMA的含量愈多會使得接觸角角度愈低、含水率愈高、葡萄糖滲透量也會愈高。楊氏係數會隨著PEGMA的增加而減少。然而透氧率則相對地降低，但降低的量並不大，而透光率也有些微地降低。在蛋白質吸附試驗中，PEGMA能有效的抑制lysozome的吸附。在L929纖維母細胞毒性測試，可得知PDMS-PEGMA並無毒性。
綜合以上結果，PDMS-HEMA經由表面、混摻、共聚合的方式改質後的矽水膠，具有優異的透光性、透氧性、親水性、抗蛋白且無細胞毒性，對於作為眼科材料有相當大的潛力。

A novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based hydrogel was synthesized for ophthalmical applications. This novel hydrogel was consisting of soft segment of poly(dimethylsiloxane) dialkanol and hard segment of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). In addition, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added as the chain-extender to form UV curable silicone marcomer. This PDMS-HEMA macromer was subject to three kinds of modifications.
In the first part, the surface of PDMS-HEMA gel membrane was treated with oxygen plasma, followed by graft-polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), Subsequently, chitosan (CS) (as positively charged agent) and hyaluronic acid (HA) (as negatively charged agent) were alternatively deposited onto the carboxylic PDMS-HEMA hydrogels in a layer-by-layer assembly manner, thereby constructing polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) multilayers. The results from AFM show that the surface roughness changed little with the deposition of PEC layers. The hydrophilicity was improved with the increase of the number of PEC layers. The adsorption amount of protein (lysozyme) decreased with the number of PEC layers. In addition, the oxygen permeability (Dk) and the optical transmittance were not significantly affected by the surface modification. Furthermore, these hydrogel membranes were non-cytotoxic through in vitro L929 fibroblasts assay.
In the second part, the PDMS-HEMA marcomer was blended with Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer. The results show that the increase in Pluronic F127 content led to the decrease of water contact angle and the increase of water content the blend hydrogels. Young’s modulus also decreased with the increase of Pluronic F127 content, while surface roughness was not significantly affected. When the Pluronic F127 content reached 4%, the apparent protein adsorption amount decreased to about 60% of that of PDMS-HEMA control. Thus the PDMS-F127 hydrogel membrane had an excellent ability to resist protein adsorption. Additionally, the oxygen permeability (Dk) would decrease by 24%, comparing with PDMS-HEMA control. Furthermore, these hydrogel were non-cytotoxic through in vitro L929 fibroblasts proliferation assay. Overall results demonstrated that the PDMS-F127 blending hydrogel provided silicone hydrogel materials not only having relatively high oxygen permeability and a relatively low modulus, but also enhancing hydrophilicity and anti-protein adsorption.
In the last part, PDMS-HEMA was reacted with PEGMA under UV-photo initiation, resulting a copolymer (PDMS-PEGMA). The results showed that higher PEGMA content led to lower water contact angle, higher water content and higher glucose permeability for these silicone hydrogels. Young’s modulus also decreased with the increase of PEGMA content. At a PEGMA content of 20%, the adsorption of lysozyme decreased to 23% of that of the PDMS-HEMA control. This indicated that the PDMS-PEGMA hydrogels exhibited an ability to resist protein adsorption. In addition, the oxygen permeability (Dk) would remain 74% of that of the PDMS-HEMA control. Furthermore, these hydrogels were non-cytotoxic through in vitro L929 fibroblasts assay. Overall results demonstrated that the PDMS-PEGMA hydrogels exhibited not only relatively high oxygen permeability and a relatively optical transparency, but also hydrophilicity and anti-protein adsorption, therefore would be applicable as ophthalmic material.
Overall results demonstrated that such an easy processing and rapid method should have good potential for modification of PDMS-HEMA in the application of ophthalmic material with biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and hydrophilicity.

目錄
中文摘要	I
英文摘要	III
誌謝	III
目錄	IV
圖索引	VI
表索引	VII
第一章	緒論	1
1-1	研究背景	1
1-2	研究目的	3
第二章	文獻回顧	5
2-1	水膠的定義	5
2-2	水膠之分類	6
2-3	功能性水膠	7
2-4	水膠合成的方式	8
2-5	隱形眼鏡的歷史	11
2-6	隱形眼鏡的種類	12
2-7	隱形眼鏡的材料	14
2-8	隱形眼鏡材料的特殊性質	17
2-9	隱形眼鏡的蛋白質吸附	21
2-10	高分子材料表面改質	23
2-11	層接式自我組裝	26
2-12	幾丁聚醣(Chitosan)	27
2-13	透明質酸(hyaluronic acid)	28
2-14	反應型矽酮寡聚物
(Hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane，PDMS-diol)	29
2-15	異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(Isophorone diisocyanate，IPDI)	30
2-16	紫外光硬化交聯原理	31
第三章	實驗材料與方法	33
3-1-1	實驗項目流程圖(第一部分)	33
3-1-2	實驗項目流程圖(第二部分)	34
3-1-3	實驗項目流程圖(第三部分)	35
3-2-1	實驗項目流程圖(第一部分)	36
3-2-2	實驗項目流程圖(第二部分)	37
3-2-3	實驗項目流程圖(第三部分)	38
3-3	實驗材料	39
3-4	實驗設備	41
3-5-1	實驗步驟(第一部分)	42
3-5-2	實驗步驟(第二部分)	43
3-5-3	實驗步驟(第三部分)	44
3-6	平衡含水量(Equilibrium water content)的測試	46
3-7	UV可見光的測定	46
3-8	熱重分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis)	46
3-9	FTIR之光譜鑑定	47
3-10	透氧係數測定	47
3-11	接觸角測試(Contact angle measurement)	48
3-12	掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)	49
3-13	DPPH過氧化基分析	49
3-14	化學分析電子譜(XPS)	50
3-15	硫酸根(sulfate)接枝率的染色測驗	50
3-16	胺基(amino)接枝率的染色測驗	50
3-17	強力試驗	51
3-18	原子力顯微鏡(AFM)	52
    3-19  	蛋白質吸附實驗	53
3-20	細胞毒性	54
3-21	細胞增生	57
第四章	結果與討論	59
4-1	第一部分 PDMS-PU-HEMA水膠薄膜之表面改質	59
4-1-1	氧電漿處理(O2-plasma treatment)	59
4-1-2	接枝密度的測量	62
4-1-3	AFM原子力學顯微鏡	64
4-1-4	接觸角(contact angle)	67
4-1-5	含水率與透氧量	69
4-1-6	透光率測試	72
4-1-7	蛋白質吸附	74
4-1-8	細胞毒性	76
4-1-9	細胞增生性	78
4-2	第二部分 PDMS-PU-F127混摻水膠	80
4-2-1	PDMS-PU-F127混摻水膠之合成	80
4-2-2	FTIR官能基分析	82
4-2-3	TGA熱重量分析	84
4-2-4 	機械強度	86
4-2-5	透光率測試	89
4-2-6	含水率測試	91
4-2-7	透氧率測試	93
4-2-8	AFM表面粗糙度	95
4-2-9	接觸角測試	97
4-2-10	蛋白質吸附	99
4-2-11	細胞毒性	101
4-2-12	細胞增生性	103
4-3	第三部分 PDMS-PU-PEGMA共聚合水膠	105
4-3-1	PDMS-PU-F127混摻水膠之合成	105
4-3-2	FTIR官能基分析	106
4-3-3	TGA熱重量分析	109
4-3-4 	機械強度	111
4-3-5	透光率測試	114
4-3-6	含水率測試	116
4-3-7	透氧率測試	118
4-3-8	AFM表面粗糙度	123
4-3-9	接觸角測試	126
4-3-10	葡萄糖滲透	128
4-3-10	蛋白質吸附	130
4-3-11	細胞毒性	132
4-3-12	細胞增生性	134
第五章	結論	136
第六章	參考文獻	139
作者簡介	144

圖索引
Figure 2-1	水膠交鏈方式	6
Figure 2-2	水膠製備方式	10
Figure 2-3	聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯結構	15
Figure 2-4	PHEMA之結構	15
Figure 2-5	水膠之水合作用	17
Figure 2-6	淚液沉澱物與鏡片之作用	18
Figure 2-7	淚液膜之位置	19
Figure 2-8	層接式自我組裝原理	17
Figure 2-9	幾丁聚醣之結構式	20
Figure 2-10	透明質酸之結構式	21
Figure 2-11	IPDI結構式	25
Figure 2-12	PDMS-diol結構式	30
Figure 2-13	光起始劑衍生物	30
Figure 3-1	接觸角之原理圖	48
Figure 3-2	DPPH與過氧化物反應式	49
Figure 3-3	BCA測試方法之步驟	53
Figure 4-1-1	過氧化物密度與氧電漿處理時間之關係	60
Figure 4-1-2	過氧化物密度與丙烯酸接枝密度之關係	61
Figure 4-1-3	AFM表面結構圖(A) PDMS-PU (B) PDMS-PU-(CS-HA)1 (C) PDMS-PU-(CS-HA)3 (D) PDMS-PU-(CS-HA)5	65
Figure 4-1-4	PDMS-PU水膠改質前後之表面粗糙度值	66
Figure 4-1-5	PDMS-PU水膠改質前後之接觸角測試	68
Figure 4-1-6	PDMS-PU水膠改質前後之含水率測試	70
Figure 4-1-7	PDMS-PU水膠改質前後之透氧量測試	71
Figure 4-1-8	PDMS-PU水膠改質前後之透光率測試	73
Figure 4-1-9	PDMS-PU水膠改質前後之蛋白質吸附	75
Figure 4-1-10	細胞毒性測試：(A)試劑對照組(Blank)、(B) PDMS-PU、(C) PDMS-PU-(CS-HA)1、(D) PDMS-PU-(CS-HA)5	77
Figure 4-1-11	PDMS-PU水膠改質前後之細胞增生性	79
Figure 4-2-1	PDMS-PU-F127水膠合成之FTIR分析圖	83
Figure 4-2-2	PDMS-PU-F127水膠之TGA熱分析圖	85
Figure 4-2-3	PDMS-PU-F127水膠之應力應變圖	87
Figure 4-2-4	PDMS-PU-F127水膠之最大應力及楊氏係數	88
Figure 4-2-5	PDMS-PU-F127水膠之透光度	90
Figure 4-2-6	PDMS-PU-F127水膠之含水率	92
Figure 4-2-7	PDMS-PU-F127之透氧率(Dk)	94
Figure 4-2-8	AFM表面結構圖(A) 0% F127 (B) 1% F127 (C) 4% F127 (D)水膠之表面粗糙度值	96
Figure 4-2-9	PDMS-PU-F127之接觸角測試	98
Figure 4-2-10	PDMS-PU-F127水膠之蛋白質吸附	100
Figure 4-2-11	(A)試劑對照組(Blank)、(B) 0% F127、(C) 1% F127、(D) 4% F127	102
Figure 4-2-12	PDMS-PU-F127水膠之細胞增生性	104
Figure 4-3-1	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠合成之FTIR分析圖	107
Figure 4-3-2	不同PEGMA比例之水膠之FTIR分析圖	108
Figure 4-3-3	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之TGA熱分析圖	110
Figure 4-3-4	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之應力應變圖	112
Figure 4-3-5	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之最大應力及楊氏係數	113
Figure 4-3-6	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之透光度	115
Figure 4-3-7	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之影像	115
Figure 4-3-8	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之含水率	117
Figure 4-3-9	PDMS-PU-PEGMA之透氧率(Dk)	119
Figure 4-3-10	AFM表面結構圖(A)P0(B)P1(C)P2(D)P3	124
Figure 4-3-11	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之表面粗糙度值	125
Figure 4-3-12	PDMS-PU-PEGMA之接觸角測試	127
Figure 4-3-13	PDMS-PU-PEGMA之葡萄糖滲透量	129
Figure 4-3-14	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之蛋白質吸附	131
Figure 4-3-15	細胞毒性測試：(A)試劑對照組(Blank)、(B) P0、(C) P1、(D) P3	133
Figure 4-3-16	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之細胞增生性	135

表索引
Table 2-1	淚液膜(tear film)之組成與濃度	22
Table 2-2	不同表面改質方式之比較	25
Table 3-1	PDMS-PU/PEGMA水膠薄膜之比例	45
Table 3-2	PDMS-PU/F127水膠薄膜之比例	45
Table 3-3	主要的官能基吸收峰位置表	47
Table 4-1-1	PDMS-PU水膠表面聚電解質層之接枝密度	63
Table 4-2-1	PDMS-PU-F127混摻水膠之組成比例與產率	81
Table 4-3-1	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠之組成比例與產率	105
Table 4-3-2	PDMS-PU-PEGMA水膠與市面上隱形眼鏡之比較	122

                                

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