隨著工業化的快速發展和人口的增加，水污染已成為世界範圍內的一個嚴重問題。合成染料是工業操作引入水體的最普遍的污染物之一，對人類健康和環境構成嚴重威脅。因此，含有這些持久性和致癌污染物的廢水在排放到環境中之前必須進行處理。基於簡易性和高催化效率，半導體光觸媒的非均相光催化最近成為有機污染物淨化的創新技術。在第一項研究中，V 摻雜的 Mo(O,S)2 氧硫化物是在 95°C 的低溫下使用沉澱法合成。透過 XRD、拉曼、FT-IR、FE-SEM、TEM、XPS、PL 和 EIS 測量表徵所製備材料的結晶度、表面形貌、元素狀態、光學和電化學性質。透過降解亞甲藍 (MB) 染料來評估Mo(O,S)2和 V 摻雜的 Mo(O,S)2 的光催化活性。在可見光照射下，10%釩前驅體合成的V-Mo(O,S)2-10對MB降解的光催化效率最高，表觀速率常數為0.028 min-1，明顯高於Mo(O,S)2 的速率常數為 0.0098 min-1。 V 插入 Mo(O,S)2 晶格會阻礙電子-空穴對的複合率並降低觸媒界面處的電荷轉移電阻，從而證實了更高的光催化效率。空穴(h+)和羥基自由基(OH•)參與了亞甲藍(MB)的光催化降解機制。V摻雜的Mo(O,S)2也表現出良好的穩定性和長期可重複使用性，使其成為工業應用中去除有機染料的有前途的光催化劑。
開發低成本和可見光驅動的金屬氧化物和硫化物基之異質結光觸媒用於降解不同類型的有機染料一直是減輕環境污染的主要研究領域。在第二項工作中，透過簡單的低溫沉澱法製備了一種新型高效的 Nd2O3/Mo(S,O)3-x·0.34H2O 異質結光觸媒。使用各種電子顯微鏡和光譜技術研究了所製備材料的晶體結構、元素組成、光學性質和催化活性。此工作針對甲基橙 (MO)、羅丹明 B (RhB) 和亞甲藍 (MB) 作為研究，藉以評估在可見光照射下水溶液中的光催化效率。 20 mol% Nd2O3/Mo(S,O)3-x·0.34H2O奈米複合材料表現出優異的降解效率，分別在120分鐘、90分鐘和90分鐘後分解98.8%、99.9%和99.8%的MO、RhB和MB min 可見光照射。 HPLC-MS 分析進一步證實了染料分子的完全去除。異質結的形成、高電荷分離和光致 e--h+ 對的低複合率歸因於增強的光催化活性。超氧自由基 (O2-•) 、羥基自由基 (HO•) 和空穴 (h+) 被確定為參與 MO、RhB 和 MB 染料光催化反應機制的主要氧化物質。由於發色團及其分子量的不同性質，每個染料分子的降解速率不同。因此，合成的異質結光觸媒可用於去除各種染料分子以進行環境恢復。
在第三項工作中，使用簡單的一步沉澱法合成新型 Fe-Mo3(O,S)4-x/La4Mo2O11 奈米複合材料。在 Fe-Mo3(O,S)4-x 和 La4Mo2O11 之間形成 n-n 跨接異質結，在可見光譜中表現出較寬的光吸收範圍和最大光響應強度。與純 MoOS 和其他材料相比，FeLaMoOS-0.3,0.5 複合材料在可見光照射下表現出更高的降解性能，在 90 分鐘內降解 97.5% MO 和 99.2% RhB。在黑暗中攪拌45分鐘後MB的去除率為99.6%。由於摻雜的協同效應和異質結的形成，提高的光催化效率可歸因於 e--h+ 對電荷分離效率的提高。在捕獲實驗中證實超氧自由基(O2•-) 在MO 和RhB 染料的光催化降解中扮演主導作用，而羥基自由基(•OH) 起次要作用。基於所涉及的活性物種和光觸媒的能帶排列，提出了有機染料可能的光催化降解機制。所合成的光催化劑在環境恢復中的長期應用表現出高穩定性和可重複使用性。

Water pollution has become a severe concern all over the world as a result of rapid industrialization and population increase. Synthetic dyes are one of the most prevalent pollutants introduced into water bodies by industrial operations, posing a serious threat to human health and the environment. Waste effluents that contain persistent and carcinogenic pollutants should be treated before being released into the environment. Heterogeneous photocatalysis based on semiconductor photocatalysts has recently emerged as an innovative technology for the decontamination of organic contaminants due to its simplicity and high catalytic efficiency. In the first study, V-doped Mo(O,S)2 oxysulfide was synthesized using a simple and facile precipitation method at a low temperature of 95°C. The crystallinity, surface morphology, elemental states, optical and electrical properties of the as-prepared materials were characterized applying different characterization techniques. The photocatalytic activity of both bare and V-doped Mo(O,S)2 was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Under visible light irradiation, V-Mo(O,S)2-10 synthesized with 10% vanadium precursor showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency for MB degradation, with an apparent rate constant of 0.028 min-1. The insertion of V into the Mo(O,S)2 lattice hinders the recombination rate of electron-hole pair and reduces charge transfer resistance at the catalyst interface, confirming higher photocatalytic efficiency. V-doped Mo(O,S)2 also performed good stability and long-term reusability, making it a promising photocatalyst for organic dye removal in industrial applications.
Developing low-cost and visible-light-driven metal oxide and sulfide-based heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes has been a major area of research to mitigate environmental pollution. In the second work, a novel and highly efficient Nd2O3/Mo(S,O)3-x·0.34H2O heterojunctions photocatalyst was prepared via a simple precipitation method at low temperature. The crystal structure, elemental composition, optical properties, and catalytic activities of as-prepared materials were investigated using various electron microscopes and spectroscopic techniques. Organic dyes of methyl orange (MO), Rhodamine B (RhB), and Methylene blue (MB) were used as model organic pollutants to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. 20 mol% Nd2O3/Mo(S,O)3-x·0.34H2O nanocomposite showed excellent degradation efficiency and it decomposed 98.8%, 99.9%, and 99.8% of MO, RhB, and MB after 120 min, 90 min, and 90 min irradiation, respectively. The formation of heterojunction, high charge separation, and low recombination rate of photoinduced e--h+ pairs ascribed to the enhanced photocatalytic activity. Superoxide radicals (O2-•), hydroxyl radicals (HO•), and holes (h+) were identified as major oxidative species involved in the photocatalytic reaction mechanisms of MO, RhB, and MB dyes.
In the third work, A simple one-step precipitation method was used to synthesize novel Fe-Mo3(O,S)4-x/La4Mo2O11 nanocomposites. The n-n straddling heterojunction is formed between Fe-Mo3(O,S)4-x and La4Mo2O11 and exhibits a broad light absorption range and maximum light response in the visible spectrum. Compared to pure MoOS and other compositions, the FeLaMoOS-0.3,0.5 composite exhibits a higher degradation performance under visible light irradiation, degrading 97.5% MO and 99.2% RhB in 90 minutes. The removal efficiency of MB was 99.6% after 45 min of stirring in the dark. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency can be attributed to the improved charge separation efficiency of e--h+ pairs, due to the synergistic effect of doping and the formation of heterojunction. The possible photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of organic dyes were proposed based on the active species involved and band alignments of the photocatalysts. The as-synthesized photocatalyst exhibits high stability and reusability for long time application in environmental remediation.

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