第一部分 超音波結合幾丁聚醣對於老鼠內部分脂肪分解之研究
幾丁聚醣除了被運用在減肥的輔助用途外，對於伴隨高血脂或是體重過重型的脂肪肝之改善效果也相當好，而近年來超音波運用範圍也相當廣泛，不僅可以作為觀察身體組織的病變外，對於加強脂肪消除也相當有成效，因此本研究主要是以ICR雌鼠每天餵食幾丁聚醣五週，利用幾丁聚醣對於阻斷脂肪的吸收及降低膽固醇並結合超音波所釋放的生物效應達到可部分消除脂肪、降低血脂且不傷害組織抑有保健效果。
本研究將ICR雌鼠隨機分為(1)控制組(C)、(2)超音波組(U)、(3)甲殼素組(CI)、(4)甲殼素結合超音波組(CU)等四組進行五週的治療實驗，於治療前後利用高頻超音波影像系統量測附睪脂肪墊、腹腔脂肪之超音波影像厚度、體重紀錄及量測血脂指數作為實驗對照。實驗結果顯示治療後CU組體重下降率高達(-11.2%)，U組為(-5.8%)而CIS組為(-9.3%)，附睪脂肪墊部分相較於其他各組更為顯著，CU組厚度減少高達(28.2%)，而於血清中三酸甘油酯及低密度膽固醇也分別降低(51.5%)及(26%)，由此實驗結果可得知，可藉由飲食幾丁聚醣對於脂肪吸收的機制搭配超音波的生物效應不僅可以達到體重控制及局部脂肪消除，亦可達到降低血清等效果。

第二部分 超音波結合微氣泡對比劑應用於經皮穿透之研究
目前對於大部分的藥物而言，經皮穿透常受限於表皮層內的角質層所形成之屏障，導致藥物穿透不易。根據文獻得知，目前使用微氣泡之超音波對比劑主要用於注射血管中以增強影像強度、藥物釋放及基因治療；而本研究即針對微氣泡對比劑用於加強經皮穿透之效果及可行性進行驗證。
實驗參數分為: (1)控制組(C)、(2)單純施打超音波組(U)、(3)添加微氣泡對比劑組(UB)及 (4) 添加稀釋微氣泡對比劑組(UBD)。根據實驗結果可得知，UBD組在仿體及豬皮穿透深度方面相較於控制組分別增加了47%及84%；於經皮穿透濃度分析中，UBD組穿透濃度相較控制組增加了82%；於美白效果方面進行四週動物實驗(C57BL/6J老鼠)，第一週皮膚即有明顯亮度提升的效果(增加25%)，於第二週持續增加(33.7%)，治療於第三週後各組亮度雖上升但趨於平緩(37%)，而添加稀釋型微氣泡對比劑於治療第一周時即可超越單純塗抹熊果素第四周的皮膚亮度，對於治療時間上大為縮短，而卻可達到優越的美白成效。
由此實驗結果可以得知，結合超音波和微氣泡對比劑之治療可以加強穿透濃度及α-熊果素之藥物釋放，進而使α-熊果素在對老鼠皮膚沒有傷害的情形下更有效地到達基底層抑制黑色素生成。

Ultrasound (US) has recently been used to reduce localized adiposity in humans. The present study evaluated the combined use of chitosan, which is used to treat hyperlipidemic diseases and fatty liver, and US to control body weight and local fat deposition in normal mice over a 5-week experimental period. Female ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=5 animals per group): (1) control (C), (2) US only (U), (3) chitosan only (CIS), and (4) chitosan combined with US (CU). The following measurements were made in all of the mice before and after the 5-week treatment period: body weight, epididymal fat-pad and intra-abdominal fat thicknesses (via US imaging), and plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After the 5-week treatment period, body weight was decreased significantly in the CU group (–11.2%) compared to the U (–5.8%) and CIS (–9.3%) groups (p<0.05). The reduction in epididymal fat-pad thickness in the CU group (28.2%) was significantly more marked than in the other groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, in the CU group, plasma levels of triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased, by 51.5% and 26%, respectively. This is the first demonstration of the effective control of body weight and local fat by a combination of US and a putative fat-reducing dietary supplement in mice. The described method significantly decreases local fat-pad deposition, body weight, and plasma lipid levels.

The application of transdermal delivery to a wider range of drugs is limited due to the significant barrier to penetration across the skin which is associated with the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis. In previous study, the contrast agent of ultrasound imaging, microbubble (MB) is mainly injected to the blood pool for image enhancement, drug delivery and genetic therapy. In this study, the feasibility and effects of the MBs as the penetration enhancers for transdermal delivery were firstly demonstrated. The penetration of α-arbutin on skin was enhanced by using ultrasound energy and MBs either for in vitro or for in vivo experiments. Experiment parameters were randomly divided into four groups: (1) only penetrating α-arbutin (C); (2) ultrasound combines with penetrating α-arbutin (U) (3) ultrasound combines with MBs contrast agent and penetrating α-arbutin (UB); (4) ultrasound combines with diluted MBs (UBD). According to the results, the penetration depth of agarose phantom and mice skin of UBD group increase 47% and 84%, respectively. In skin permeation of α-arbutin, UBD group has greater arbutin concentration than control group is 82%. The whitening effect (luminosity index (L*)) of mice skin in UBD group has significantly increase 25% in one week, 33.7% in two weeks and tends towards stability in three weeks (37%) in C57BL/6J mice over a 4-week experimental period.
Our results investigated that the treatments of ultrasound and MBs can increase skin permeability, enhance α-arbutin delivery to inhibit melanogenesis and not damage the skin in mice.

第一部分 超音波結合幾丁聚醣對於老鼠內部分脂肪分解之研究
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第二部分 超音波結合微氣泡對比劑應用於經皮穿透之研究
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[4] 呂禮安，「結合微氣泡灌注之聚焦式超音波照射應用於小鼠腫瘤模型腫瘤之浸潤免疫淋巴球影響及腫瘤生長抑制」，碩士論文，長庚大學，桃園 (2011)
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