本研究以直接聚合方式，製備氫氯化苯胺(鹽酸苯胺)/聚丙烯酸膠體薄膜，並探討其特性。在聚苯胺與聚丙烯酸膠體摻混過程中，由於聚丙烯酸會均勻分散於水溶液當中，且苯胺分子在聚合成聚苯胺分子過程時，所需自由空間相對變小，使得部份聚苯胺分子與聚丙烯酸反應，造成聚合度相對下降，進而影響其性質。本研究針對反應後之聚苯胺，在受聚丙烯酸影響之下，形成不同型態之聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸薄膜，並鑑定其基本特性。為掌握薄膜之基本性質，利用傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)，分析其結構與鍵結關係；以紫外線分析儀(UV)，測得其光學性質；以導電度測試，測得其導電性之關係；再以熱重分析儀(TGA) ，測得其薄膜之熱安定性，及分別使用萬能試驗機及電子顯微鏡(SEM)，測得其機械性質與表面現象。
從結果發現當聚丙烯酸含量增加時，使聚苯胺之聚合度會隨之下降；但聚苯胺與聚丙烯酸膠體中摻雜鹽酸(摻合劑)，可幫助聚苯胺上的胺基氮原子質子化作用，增加其聚苯胺與聚丙烯酸膠體混摻均勻度。並藉由SEM結果分析得知，當含有摻雜鹽酸之聚苯胺與聚丙烯酸薄膜中，使聚苯胺形成顆粒型態較小，並提高聚苯胺在於聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸膠態的分散度，也增加其薄膜表面均勻性。且又在導電度測試，發現聚苯胺含量增加，其聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸薄膜導電度也隨之增加，這因聚苯胺分子本身具有導電性共軛π鍵所產生。由TGA結果分析觀察得知，聚苯胺隨著含量增加，聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸薄膜的耐熱性隨之上升，這因聚苯胺可提升聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸膠體分子熱穩定性。在由萬能試驗機得知，聚苯胺隨著含量增加，使聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸薄膜內部結構排列較不完整，使其剛性、韌性、抗張性質有下降趨勢。綜合以上結果，發現摻雜鹽酸之聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸膠體薄膜比未摻雜鹽酸之聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸膠體薄膜的光、電、熱性能有明顯的優越性，這是因為摻雜鹽酸均勻分散於聚苯胺/聚丙烯酸膠體薄膜所致；其中又以摻雜鹽酸後之聚苯胺添加5.8 wt%為最佳比例，無論於成膜性質、導電度性質、機械性質上皆有較佳的表現。

In this study, Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) composites film containing aniline hydrochloride were prepared using a in-situ polymerization process and explore the features. During the blending process between Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and Polyaniline (PANI), the degree of polymerization declined because partial PANI were reacted with PAA that dispersed in solution. The study was focus on the different types of PANI/PAA composites film and identified their characteristics. The films were characterized morphologically by chemically using Fourier transform infrared absorbance (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). Moreover, a thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV/vis/NIR absorption spectra, conductance meter and an instron mechanical tester are used to examine the thermal stability, surface morphology, optical quality, surface resistivity and mechanical properties of blends.
As a result, the degree of polymerization was decreased with the increasing of the content of PAA. The addition of hydrochloric acid (blending agent) can assist with the protonation of amino nitrogen atom on the PANI to increase the blending uniformity of the composites. According to the results of SEM, the particles of PANI in the composites with hydrochloric acid were relatively small, and the dispersibility and uniformity of the composite and film was also increased. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermal stability were increased with increasing content of PANI due to the conductive conjugated π bond and thermal stability of PANI. As the results of instron mechanical tester, Stiffness, toughness and tensile properties were decreased because of the irregular arrangement of the internal structure. From the results showed that the optical, electrical and thermal properties of PANI/PAA composite film with hydrochloric acid has obvious advantages due to the evenly dispersed. The optimal proportion of PANI in the composites was 5.8 wt%. In excess of this amount, dispersibility between the PAA and PANI phases was compromised.

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