近年來能源短缺及環保意識抬頭，太陽能電池的應用越來越廣泛，如何讓太陽能電池發揮最大的使用效能，即為目前太陽能相關技術最重要的課題。影響太陽能電池的效能重要之因素分別為太陽能電池的半導體製程技術與最大功率追蹤技術。本文將提出以模糊控制為基礎之太陽能最大功率追蹤系統演算法研究，並於文中對硬體及韌體部分做詳細介紹，本文中功率電路是使用升壓式轉換器，韌體部分則是使用Microchip公司所推出的dsPIC微處理器來實現數位控制器，為了取得太陽能最大功率追蹤效果的資訊，本文選用國家儀器公司National Instruments所開發的LabVIEW做為人機介面來監控並記錄狀態資料。本文中所使用之模糊演算法是依據太陽能電池之輸入功率與輸入電壓來調整責任週期；並且實現傳統擾動觀察法與本文提出的模糊控制法做實驗比較，根據實驗結果，本文所實現之太陽能最大功率追蹤系統確實可提升穩態時的效能及暫態時之追蹤速度。

The ever-increasing demand for low-cost energy and growing concern about environmental issues has generated huge interest in the utilization of alternative energy sources such as the solar energy. A photovoltaic cell (PV cell) is a specialized semiconductor diode and can be utilized to convert the freely and abundantly available solar energy into electrical energy. One of the major advantages of PV cell is the fact that it is non-polluting, requiring only real estate in order to function. Another advantage is the fact that solar energy is unlimited. Once a photovoltaic system has been installed, it can provide energy at essentially no cost for years, and with minimal maintenance. A major challenge for using the PV cell is that its I–V characteristics is nonlinear, which result in a unique maximum power point (MPP) on its P–V curve. This matter is further complicated due to the dependence of these characteristics on solar irradiation and temperature. Therefore, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is essential for PV system.
In this thesis, a fuzzy-control based MPPT algorithm is proposed. By using the deviation of power (△P) and the deviation of voltage (△V) as the fuzzy controller input，the required control variable (duty cycle) can be deduced. In this thesis, the power stage of the PV system is the boost converter and the firmware is implemented using the dsPIC digital signal controller (DSC) from Microchip. In order to validate the correctness of the proposed algorithm, a graphical user interface (GUI) is also presented to monitor and record the operating status of the proposed PV system. According to the experimental results, the proposed system can improve the tracking speed and the steady state performance of the MPPT comparing to conventional fixed-step perturb and observe (P&O) method.

參考文獻
[1] L. Castaner and S. Silvestre, Modelling Photovolatic Systems using PSpice, JOHN WILEY & SONS, 2002.
[2] D. S. H. Chan and J. C. H. Phang, “Analytical Methods for Extraction of Solar-Cell Single- and Double-Doide Mode Paramrters from I-V Characteristics,” IEEE Transactions on Electronics Devices, vol. ED-34, no. 2, 1987.
[3] M. F. Ishengoma and E. L. Norum, “Design and implementation of a digitally controlled stand-alone photovoltaic power supply,” Nordic Workshop on Power and Industrial Electronics, pp. 12-14, 2002.
[4] M. Matsui, T. Kitano, D. H. Xu, and Z. Q. Yang, “A New Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking Control Scheme Based on Power Equilibrium at DC Link,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 1, pp. 804-809, 1999.
[5] P. Midya, P. T. Kerin, R. J. Turnbull, R. Reppa, and J. Kimball, “Dynamic Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 2, pp. 1710-1716, 1996.
[6] J. H. R. Enslin, “Maximum Power Point Tracking: a Cost Saving Necessity in Solar Energy Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 2, pp. 1073-1077, 1990.
[7] C. hang, D. Zhao, J. Wamg, and G. Chen, “A modified MPPT method with variable perturbation step for photovoltaic system,” IEEE Conference, IPEMC '09., pp. 2096-2099, 2009.
[8] E. Koutroulis, K. Kalaitzakis, and N. C. Voulgaris, “Development of a Microcontroller-Based Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 46-54, Jan. 2001.
[9] J. A. B. Vieira and A. M. Mota, “Maxmium Power Point Tracker Applied in Batteries Charging with PV Panels,” IEEE Industrial Electronics, 2008.
[10] K. H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino, and M. Osakada, “Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking: an Algorithm For Rapidly Changing Atmospheric Condition,” Generation Transmission Distribution, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 59-64, 1995.
[11] F. Liu, S. Duan, F. Liu,B. Liu, and Y. Kang, “A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for PV Systems, ” Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on., vol. 55, pp. 2622-2628, 2008
[12] 陳正雄，「獨立型太陽能供電系統之研製」，長庚大學電機工程研究所碩士學位論文，民國九十二年六月。
[13] N. Mutoh, M. Ohno, and T. Inoue, “A method for MPPT control while searching for Parameters corresponding to weather conditions PV feneration system,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 4, Aug. 2006.
[14] V.R. Scarpa, S. Buso, and G. Spiazzi, “Low-Complexity MPPT technique exploiting the PV module MPP locus characterization,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 5, May 2009.
[15] B. Choi, S. Kwak, and B.K. Kim, “Design of a single-input logic controller and its properties,” ELSEVIER Fuzzy Sets and Systems 106, Sep. 1999.
[16] B. Choi, S. Kwak, and B.K. Kim, “Design and stability analysis of single-input fuzzy logic controller,” Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on., vol. 30, pp. 303-309, 2002.
[17] M. A. S. Masoum and M. Sarvi, “Design, Simulation and Construction of a New Fuzzy-Based Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Applications,” 2002.
[18] G. Zeng and Q. Liu, “An Intelligent Fuzzy Method for MPPT of Photovoltaic Arrays,” Computational Intelligence and Design, ISCID '09. Second International Symposium on., vol. 2, pp. 356-359, 2009.
[19] N. Khaehintung, K. Pramotung, and P. Sirisuk, “RISC microcontroller built-in fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking in solar-powered for battery charger,” TENCON IEEE Region 10 Conf., pp. 637-640, 2004.
[20] C. Zhang and D. Zhao, “MPPT with asymmetric fuzzy control for photovoltaic system,” Industrial Electronics and Applications, ICIEA IEEE Conf., pp. 2180-2183, 2009.
[21] N. Patcharaprakiti and S. Premrudeepreechacharn, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control for Grid connected Photovoltaic System”, PESW2002, vol. 1, pp. 372-377, 2002.
[22] C. Y. Won, D. H. Kim, et al, “A New Maximum Power Point Tracker of Photovoltaic Arrays Using Fuzzy Controller”, PESC’1994 Record, pp. 396-403, 1994.
[23] 梁適安，「交換式電源供給器之理論與實務設計」，全華圖書，民國九十三年十月。
[24] 江炫樟，「電力電子學」第三版，全華圖書，民國九十四年八月。
[25] R. W. Erickson and D. Maksmovic, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, 2nd Edition, 2000.
[26] 王順忠，「電力電子學」，臺灣東華書局股份有限公司， 2001年。
[27] 曾百由，「數位訊號控制器原理與應用」，宏友圖書開發股份有限公司，民國96年11月。
[28] 王文俊，「認識Fuzzy」第二版，全華科技圖書，民國92年10月。
[29] 李允中、王小璠、蘇木春，「模糊理論及其應用」，全華科技圖書，民國93年2月。
[30] 王進德、蕭大全，「類神經網路與模糊控制理論入門」，全華科技圖書，民國92年9月。
[31] G. C. Hsieh, L. R. Chen, and K. S. Huang, “Fuzzy-Controlled Li-ion Battery Charge System with Active State-of-Charge Controller,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 585-593, June 2001.
[32] E. L. Chan, N. A. Rahim, and S. Mekhilef, “DSP-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Battery Charger,” Proc. of IEEE Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering Conference, vol. 3, pp. 1512-1515, Oct. 2002.
[33] 蕭子建、王智昱、儲昭偉，「LabVIEW進階篇」，高立圖書，民國八十九年五月。
[34] 蕭子建、王智昱、儲昭偉，「虛擬儀控程式設計-LabVIEW7X」，高立圖書，民國九十三年三月。
[35] 陸中光、蕭子建，「LabVIEW & Microsoft 的整合實例(I)」，高立圖書，民國九十三年十二月。