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研究生: 吳柏慶
Bo-Ching Wu
論文名稱: 線上觀測溫度梯度對模造玻璃成形機制之探討
Investigation on Formation Mechanism of Molding Glass Using On-Line Observation of Temperature Gradient
指導教授: 鄭正元
Jeng-Ywan Jeng
口試委員: 張復瑜
Fuh-Yu Chang
趙偉忠
none
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 81
中文關鍵詞: 模造玻璃溫度梯度
外文關鍵詞: Glass Molding, Temperature Gradient
相關次數: 點閱:195下載:2
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  • 非球面玻璃鏡片是數位相機與照相手機的關鍵零組件,在需求量與畫素逐年升高的情況下,製作非球面玻璃鏡片的傳統方法已經無法提供足夠的產量,而模造玻璃技術具有高解析度、穩定性佳、量產性高等技術上的優勢,具有極高之競爭力與替代性。
    目前業界已具有量產模造式非球面玻璃鏡片的能力,但是對模造過程中預型體的變化尚未有進一步的瞭解,因此只能由成形鏡片分析缺陷原因。本研究利用線上觀測技術觀察預型體成形至鏡片的過程中,發現預型體有不同的變化情形,影響的原因有很多,包括溫度梯度、表面能、玻璃特性與傳熱方式等。
    本研究以紅外線加熱燈管維持環境溫度並使用熱風槍直接加熱預型體的加熱方法使球胚成形時,不僅改善熱風分佈不均勻的問題,並抑制了失透現象、表面缺陷與氣泡等不良影響,因此並不影響球胚成形性與光學特性,並有效降低模仁工作溫度和所需加熱時間,增加模仁及其鍍膜之壽命,且進一步探討模仁與預形體之間的溫度差異對模造玻璃成型性之影響。


    Aspheric lens is one of the most important components of camera and of camera phone, now it is in high demand and pursues higher image quality each year. Therefore supplier can not provide enough aspherical lenses by traditional glass molding technology. The molding glass technology has advantage in high resolution, high stability and mass production, and so on.
    Presently, supplier in Taiwan all has ability to provide mass production of aspheric lenses, but they do not realize further variations of preform during processing of glass molding. Cause Researchers analyze lens defects by results. Hence, this research observes glass molding process from preform to lens by observation system. There are different variations of preform by temperature gradient, surface energy, glass property, heat transfer, and so on.
    Multi-heating method combines the infrared heater to maintain environment temperature with the hot air generator that was employed to heat the preform directly in this research. The method not only improves unbalance flow but also resists Devitrification, surface defects and bubbles in lens, and thus the formability and optical character of lens are not affected by multi-heating method, and also decrease mold temperature and heating time, and increase the life of mold and coating. Temperature difference between the mold and preform, which formability, was further discussed in this research.

    中文摘要.............................................................I ABSTRACT............................................................II 誌謝...............................................................III 目錄................................................................IV 圖索引..............................................................VI 表索引............................................................VIII 第一章 緒論..........................................................1 1.1前言..............................................................1 1.2塑膠鏡片到玻璃鏡片的演變..........................................2 1.3光學鏡片材料......................................................3 1.4傳統玻璃與模造玻璃的生產方式......................................4 1.5研究動機與目的....................................................5 第二章 模造玻璃理論背景..............................................7 2.1玻璃轉移效應......................................................7 2.2模造玻璃原理......................................................9 2.3玻璃的潤濕現象...................................................11 2.3.1潤濕性質...................................................11 2.3.2接觸角原理.................................................12 2.4蠕變和應力鬆弛...................................................14 2.5界面擾動現象-馬倫哥尼(Marangoni)效應.............................16 2.6光學玻璃性質.....................................................17 2.6.1折射率.....................................................17 2.6.2色散率.....................................................18 2.6.3著色度.....................................................18 2.6.4化學安定性.................................................19 2.6.5機械性質...................................................19 2.6.6熱性質.....................................................19 2.6.7比重.......................................................20 2.7熱傳遞方式.......................................................20 2.8玻璃表面結構與特性...............................................22 2.8.1玻璃的表面能及表面張力........................................23 2.8.2玻璃表面的化學組成............................................23 2..9模造玻璃相關文獻................................................24 第三章 模造玻璃成形實驗規劃.........................................28 3.1實驗設備.........................................................28 3.1.1實驗機台...................................................28 3.1.2模具.......................................................35 3.1.3光學玻璃...................................................37 3.2實驗設計與流程...................................................38 3.3實驗步驟與條件...................................................39 3.3.1模造潤濕實驗...............................................39 3.3.2複合式加熱實驗.............................................41 3.3.3其它模造成形實驗...........................................43 3.4模造實驗溫度量測.................................................46 3.4.1潤濕實驗模具溫度量測..........................................46 3.4.2複合式加熱實驗模具溫度量測....................................47 第四章 實驗結果與討論...............................................48 4.1潤濕模造實驗結果分析.............................................48 4.1.1失透域.....................................................49 4.1.2預型體流動觀測.............................................51 4.2複合式模造實驗結果分析...........................................53 4.2.1熱傳導路徑.................................................53 4.2.2預型體流動觀測.............................................55 4.3表面層流動現象...................................................56 4.3.1間接加熱(模具傳遞熱量) ....................................56 4.3.2直接加熱(熱風傳遞熱量) ....................................58 4.3.3表面層流動狀況分析.........................................59 4.4潤濕與蠕變模造成形實驗...........................................60 4.5複合式加熱模造實驗-應力鬆弛......................................62 4.6表面能與溫度關係分析.............................................63 4.6.1潤濕與表面能的關係.........................................64 4.6.2蠕變與表面能的關係.........................................65 第五章 結論與未來展望...............................................67 5.1結論.............................................................67 5.1.1間接加熱對成形性之影響.....................................67 5.1.2直接加熱對成形性之影響.....................................67 5.1.3表面能對成形性之影響.......................................67 5.1.4預型體流動情形.............................................68 5.2未來展望.........................................................68 參考文獻............................................................70

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