氣管是呼吸過程中不可或缺的重要通道，對於人體的呼吸功能至關重要。目前氣管損傷患者須以接合手術或氣管移植以維持正常呼吸功能。組織工程為氣管治療提供了新的解決方法。然而，氣管組織工程所使用的材料需要具備生物相容性，並須在呼吸和外力作用下保持管腔的機械強度，且能夠在移植過程中保持結構的完整性。目前的研究主要集中在材料的選擇與改性和支架結構設計，對結構設計和材料搭配對整體支架力學性能和軟骨細胞培養的影響較少討論。
因此，本研究的目標是引入積層製造技術和具有機械強度和可回復特性的生物彈性材料，製造仿生氣管支架，並測試其受力性能和細胞培養表現。考慮到氣管在呼吸過程中的膨脹收縮和管腔尺寸的維持特性，材料必須具有適當的彈性和機械性質。因此，本研究設計了兩組具有彈性和回復力的材料系統，分別為UA-HEMA和UA-PCLDA-HEMA。進行材料性質的測試，以確保兩組材料系統的機械和生物性質符合仿生氣管支架的需求。支架結構設計通過填滿3/4環形孔洞來模仿原生氣管組織的C型軟骨環。有限元素分析（FEA）和實際測試用於評估仿生氣管支架在受力下的拉伸壓縮應力。本研究透過具彈性及韌性生醫高分子的材料組合與仿生的設計，以及針對移植需求設計之縫合區域，成功列印出15%應變下2.0±0.35分鐘可回復原狀、縫合與切段可保持結構完整、於2倍拉伸長度及完全壓縮下不會破壞，同時具有良好軟骨細胞貼附性之仿生氣管支架。

The trachea serves as an essential pathway for respiratory gas exchange and is crucial for human respiratory function. Currently, patients with tracheal injuries rely on anastomosis or tracheal transplantation to maintain normal breathing. Tissue engineering offers a new approach for tracheal treatment. However, materials used in tracheal tissue engineering must possess biocompatibility and maintain mechanical strength within the respiratory and external force environment, while preserving structural integrity during transplantation. Current research primarily focuses on material selection, modification, and scaffold structure design, with limited discussion on the combined effects of structure and material on overall scaffold mechanical performance and chondrocyte cultivation.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to introduce additive manufacturing techniques and biologically elastic materials with mechanical strength and recoverable properties to fabricate biomimetic tracheal scaffolds, and evaluate their mechanical performance and cell culture characteristics. Considering the trachea's characteristics of expansion, contraction, and maintenance of lumen size during respiration, materials must possess appropriate elasticity and mechanical properties. To achieve this, two sets of elastic and recoverable material systems, UA-HEMA and UA-PCLDA-HEMA, are designed. Material properties are tested to ensure that both systems meet the mechanical and biological requirements of biomimetic tracheal scaffolds. Scaffold structure design involves filling 3/4 circular holes to mimic the C-shaped cartilaginous rings of native tracheal tissue. Finite element analysis (FEA) and practical testing are employed to assess the tensile-compressive stress of the biomimetic tracheal scaffold under loading.
This study successfully prints a biomimetic tracheal scaffold with elastic and resilient biomedical polymers, incorporating a biomimetic design and suturing area tailored for transplantation requirements. The scaffold exhibits a recovery time of 2.0±0.35 minutes under 15% strain, maintains structural integrity during suturing and segmenting, and withstands 2-fold elongation and complete compression without damage. Additionally, it demonstrates favorable chondrocyte adhesion. These findings contribute to the field of tracheal tissue engineering.

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