細胞球具能產生更類似天然生物體內組織之微環境，相對包埋活細胞之水凝膠展現出更佳的生物特性，因此在組織工程、藥物篩檢等應用中具有非常大的潛力。然而市售3D生物列印機大多不具備細胞球列印能力，現有解決方案大多有機構複雜、易造成細胞損傷等問題。本研究目的為提出一新穎的吸取頭設計，不須複雜機構即可整合於現有生物列印機，且進一步降低對細胞球之形貌破壞。
本研究設計之細胞球列印子系統，包含細胞球吸取裝置及供應裝置兩部分。吸取裝置包含可分散吸力之多孔吸取頭及排水設計；供應裝置由Arduino控制小型步進馬達使細胞球轉盤旋轉以連續供應細胞球。經吸取成功率測試，單孔吸取頭僅能在-6kPa下達到65%成功率，而多孔細胞球可在-4kPa下達成最高94%之成功率，同時多孔吸取頭經改良定位環後可再提高列印精度。使用本研究之細胞球吸取列印子系統整合於先前研究之生物列印機，成功分別將直徑500µm及900µm之細胞球列印於生物支架，透過多組吸取裝置也可於同一支架列印不同直徑細胞球，證實此系統用於異質細胞組織工程應用之潛力。

Cell spheroids can generate microenvironments that are very similar to the in vivo tissues, and exhibit better biological characteristics than cell-laden hydrogels. Therefore, it has great potential in tissue engineering, drug screening, and other applications. However, most of the commercial 3D bioprinters do not have the ability to print cell spheroids, and most of the existing solutions have problems such as complex mechanisms and possible cell damage. The purpose of this research is to propose a novel printing module design, which can be integrated into the existing bioprinter without adding complicated mechanisms, and further reduce the damage to cell spheroids' morphology.
The design of the spheroid printing sub-system in this study consists of two parts: a spheroid suction device and a supply device. The suction device includes a multihole suction head that can disperse stress and have drainage design; the supply device is controlled by an Arduino to control a small stepping motor to rotate the cell spheroid carrier to continuously supply cell spheroids. The test results show, the single-hole suction head can only achieve a 65% success rate at -6kPa of back pressure, while the multihole suction head can achieve a maximum success rate of 94% at -4kPa of back pressure. Meanwhile, higher printing accuracy is achieved by the improved locating ring design. Using the spheroid printing sub-system integrated with the bioprinter in previous research, the cell spheroid with diameters of 500 µm and 900 µm were successfully printed on PCL scaffold. With multiple sets of printing modules, different sizes of spheroids can be printed on the same scaffold. Proving the potential of this system applied to heterogeneous cell tissue engineering.

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