正確且有效的急救評估常識不僅可幫助病患到院後順利醫治，更可減少錯誤急救帶來的二次傷害。然而，即使醫界已發展有效的標準評估流程，但國人缺乏中風評估的正確認知，以及市面上並無實用且容易理解的中風評估宣導文件，導致延遲送醫的情形仍舊不時發生。

本研究針對中風評估說明圖進行一系列的資料收集、訪談、設計及使用者測試，主要可分為三大階段。第一階段調查中風評估說明圖的國外市場現況，探討傳播者在資訊傳播結構上的安排與呈現；第二階段則以現有說明圖為樣本，測試閱聽眾的理解效能與認知心理，釐清單獨呈現文案、單獨呈現圖像及同時呈現文案及圖像三種圖文組合關係及不同式樣化程度如何影響傳遞效能；第三階段則根據一、二階段的結果與相關專家訪談內容設計要素進行說明圖的更新設計，並就新版與舊版說明圖進行實驗與訪談，瞭解使用者對於更新設計的理解狀況與學習績效。

研究結論分述如下：1) 說明文字中以簡明易懂的標語與口語化的文案可增進記憶持久度及理解效能；2) 圖像設計可採特寫鏡頭、誇大病徵及增減明/彩度等方式吸引注意並加深記憶；3) 輔助符號可引導視覺焦點，並賦予靜止圖像動作、時間及抽象概念；4) 使用者會在圖像與文字間反覆確認資訊與復習，建立彼此間的聯繫以印證理解是否正確、強化記憶深度。建議未來在設計相關緊急救護文件時，設計師可善用圖文各自的優勢強化聯繫性，並以螺旋性的研究程序進行整體設計的過程。

Correct and effective knowledge of assessment and first aid can not only help patients have nice and successful treatment after hospitalized, but also reduce the possibility of secondary impairment caused by inappropriate first aid. Even though the medical community has developed an effective prehospital stroke assessment scales, but the public lacks correct understanding on interpretation of stroke symptoms, and there is no useful, understandable propaganda document for stroke assessment, so delayed patients still occur from time to time.

To study the stroke-rapid-response explanation graphic by a series of data collection, interviews, sample design and user testing, this study can be divided into three sections. The first section investigates the overseas market to know the arrangement and presentation of communicative information by producers’ view; the second section takes existing stroke-rapid-response explanation graphics as samples to test the comprehension and cognition of viewers, and clarify how to interactively affect viewers’ comprehension under these varied conditions: presenting textual language only, presenting visual language only, presenting textual and visual language simultaneously and different levels of stylizations; based on the data and results in the last two sections and interviews with related professionals for design principles, the third section redesigns stroke-rapid-response explanation graphic, and takes existing and redesigned explanation graphics as sample to test and interview for the results of users’ comprehension and learning.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the study: 1) In descriptive words, easily understandable slogan and colloquial copy can increase comprehension and memory durability; 2) In image design, taking close-up shot, magnifying symptoms and adjusting brightness/chroma can attract attention and strengthen impression; 3) Shape can guide the visual focus and give the still images the concept of motion, time and abstraction; 4) Users will repeatedly confirm and review between text and images to build up the relationship to verify their understanding and deepen the impression. When designing a document for emergency aid information communication, the study suggests that designers can make good use of the advantages of text and images to establish the connection, and design in a spiral-research routine.

小林重順(1991)。造型構成心理(編輯部編譯)。台北市：藝風堂出版社，11-12。
王秀如、陳俊宏(1996)。圖表設計原理與表現形式初探。第十一屆技職教育研討會論文集，家政藝術類，123-132。
王藍亭、黃詩珮(2007)。視覺圖像與詞彙意涵之傳達研究。商業設計學報，11，154-166。
台北榮民總醫院、腦中風防治中心醫療團隊(2006)。停擺的一刻－中風防治與居家照護。台視文化，台北。
台灣腦中風學會(2009)。再次中風預防手冊。台灣腦中風病友協會，未出版，頁 6。
江淑卿(1999)。圖解理解策略在學習輔導的運用－談如何提高中小學學生的理解力。學生輔導雙月刊，62 期，10-13。
杉山久仁彥(1991)。地圖、圖表。株式會社視覺傳達設計研究所，日本，118-128。
阮錄茵、管倖生編著 (2007)。設計研究方法。台北縣：全華圖書，二版，頁 126-147。
林廷宜(2009)。視覺資訊設計的基礎元素與概念。2009 ASBDA 亞洲基礎造形聯合學會韓國大會。韓國濟州。Conference on Asia Society of Basic Design and Art in Jeju 2009。Jeju, Korea. Pp.260-264。
林品章(1986)。商業設計。台北市：藝術家出版社，三版，頁235-252。
林品章(2000)。視覺傳達設計的理論與實踐。台北：全華，頁155-158。
吳和堂(2008)，教育論文寫作與實用技巧，高等教育文化事業有限公司，頁 142。
99年國人主要死因統計(以ICD-10編碼) (100年)，http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=11897&class_no=440&level_no=3，2011.08.30
洪明宏(2002)。情報視覺化設計的理論與實踐。台北市：全華科技。
許勝雄、彭游、吳水丕(1993)。人因工程學。台北：揚智文化。
黃柏文(2004)。行動電話人機介面圖像意象及其偏好之研究。中原大學商業設計研究所碩士論文，未出版。
張寓智等人著(2006)。急性缺血性腦中風一般處理原則指引。台灣腦中風學會財團法人國家衛生研究院，台北。
張春興(2003)。心理學原理。台北市：台灣東華書局。
張紹勳(2008)。研究方法。台中市：滄海書局，二版，頁193。
陳悅多(2007)。芭蕾舞教學書藉圖解設計原則之研究。國立台灣科技大學設計研究所碩士論文，未出版。
陳烜之(2007)。認知心理學。台北：五南出版社。
陳春延(2002)。流程圖設計要素之研究－以紙鶴摺紙為例。國立雲林科技大學，視覺傳達設計研究所碩士論文，未出版。
陳黎枚(2003)。國小自然科學教科書圖解設計類型之研究。雲林科技大學視覺傳達設計系碩士論文，未出版。
傅進華、曹汶龍(2003)。東台灣急性腦中風病患就醫時效性分析，慈濟醫學，15卷，第四期。
湯潔新(2007)。避難標示圖像閱讀認知解析。國立台灣科技大學建築系博士論文，未出版。
楊曜全(2008)。避難緩降機操作說明之圖解設計研究。國立台灣科技大學設計研究所碩士論文，未出版。
劉雪芬(2003)。展示訊息傳達與觀眾閱讀行為之研究－以科博館「物質世界」展示廳展示說明標示為例。雲林科技大學碩士論文，未出版。
劉潔明、東華三院社會服務科(2004)。預防中風小百科。東華三院社會服務科，香港。
施純銘(1994)。機器產品安全性操作系統之認知性研究─以射出成型機器操作面板設計為例。國立成功大學工業設計研究所碩士論文，未出版。
鄭麗玉(2007)。認知心理學：理論與應用。台北：五南出版社。
鄭昭明(1997)。認知心理學。台北市：桂冠。
蕭淑芳(2004)。電腦繪圖軟體圖像設計形式對圖像意義傳達影響之研究。國立成功大學工業設計研究所碩士論文，未出版。
簡佑宏(2007)。小螢幕之動態中文文本閱讀。國立臺灣科技大學設計研究所，未出版。
International Standard Organization (ISO). (1989, 2001). ISO 9186: Graphical Symbols - Test Methods for Judged Comprehensibility and for Comprehension. Geneva: International Standard Organization.
Alliance, F. C. & N. S. Association (1999). Stroke. San Francisco, CA: Family Caregiver Alliance.
World Book. (2008). The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago,IL: World Book.
Cairney, P. & D. Sless. (1982). Communication effectiveness of symbolic safety signs with different user groups. Applied Ergonomic 13(2).
Corbett, C. L., G. A. McLean, et al. (2008). Effective Presentation Media for Passenger Safety I: Comprehension of Briefing Card Pictorials and Pictograms. Washington, DC: Office of Aerospace Medicine.
Creswell, J. W. (2007)。研究設計：質化、量化及混合方法取向 (Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches)(張宇樑、吳樎椒譯)。台北：學富文化。(原作2004年出版)
Cushman, W. H. & Rosenberg, D. J. (2007). 產品設計的人因工程 (Human Factors In Producat Design)(蔡登傳，宋同正譯)。台北：六合。
Easterby, R., (1978). Task, processes and display design. In R. Easterby & H. Zwaga (Eds.), Information design: The design and evaluation of signs and printed material. New York: Wiley.
Genentech (2005). Activase Alteplase. San Francisco, CA.
Hansen, Y. M. (1999). Visualization for Thinking, Planinig, and Problem Solving. Massachusetts, U.S.A: MIT Press.
Horn, R. E. (1998). Visual Language: Global Communication for the 21st Century. Macro VU, WA: Bainbridge Island.
Horn, R. E. (1999). Information Design: Emergence of a New Profession. Massachusetts, U.S.A.: MIT Press.
Horton, W. (1994). The Icon Book: visual symbols for computer systems and documentation. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Houts, P. S., R. Bachrach, et al. (1998). Using Pictographs to Enhance Recall of Spoken Medical Instructions. Patient Education and Counseling 35: 83-88.
Houts, P., C. Doak, et al. (2006). The Role of Pictures in Improving Health Communication: a Review of Research on Attention, Comprehension, Recall, and Adherence. Patient Education and Counseling 61: 173-90.
“Information Design: Core Competencies; What information designers know and can do.” Information Design Exchange, 31 Aug. 2007, 8. Accessed via http://www.iiid.net/PDFs/idxPublication.pdf
Jones, J. C. (1994)。設計方法(Design Methods)(張建成譯)。台北市：六合出版社。(原作1992年出版)
Kidwell, C. S., J. L. Saver, et al. (1998). Design and retrospective analysis of the Los Angeles prehospital stroke screen (LAPSS). Prehosp Emerg Care 1998 2: 267-273.
Kress, G. & T. V. Leeuwen (2006). Reading Images-The Grammar of Visual Design. New York: Routledge.
Levin, J. R. (1982). Picture as Prose-learning Devices. New York: North Holland.
Ley, P. (1982). Satisfaction, Compliance and Communication. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 21: 241-54.
Lin, T. S., 2005, Visual Communication Design for Learning: An Investigation on Users’ Reading Experiences, International Journal of Learning, Volume 12, Issue 9, 175-182.
McBurney, D. H. & T. L. White (2007). Research Methods (7 ed.). Belmont, CA, Thomson.
Meyer, R. P. & J. I. Laveson (1981). An Experience Judgment Approach to Tactical Flight training Proceedings of the Human Factors Society. 25th Annual Meeting: 659-660.
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Norman, D. A. (1988). The Design of Everyday Things. New York: Basic Books.
Patton, M. Q., (2006)。質的評鑑與研究 (Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods) (吳芝儀、李奉儒譯)。台北縣：桂冠。
Pettersson, R. (2007). It depends: ID principles and guidelines. Sweden: Tullinge.
Preece, J., Benyon, D., Davies, G., & Keller, L. (1998) 。人機界面與互動入門：電腦之人因工程(A Guide to Usability: Human Factors in Computing) (陳建豪譯)。台北：和碩科技。(原作1993年出版)
Regine (2008). Visualizing: tracing an aesthetics of data. August 5, 2008.
Riding, R. J. & Ashmore, J. (1980). Verbaliser-imager Learning Style and Children’s Recall of Information Presented in Pictorial Versus Written Form. Educational Studies, 6, 141-145.
Roberts, N. J., Z. Mohamed, et al. (2009). The Development and Comprehensibility of a Pictorial asthma action plan. Patient Education and Counseling 74: 12-18.
Schriver, A. K. (1997). Dynamics in document design: Creating text for readers. NY: Wiley Computer.
Shedroff, N. (2001). Experience Design 1. Indiana: New Riders.
Tufte, E. R. (1997). Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative. Cheshire, U.K: Graphics Press.
Wurman, S. R. (1989). Information Anxiety. New York: Doubleday.
American National Standardards Institute (ANSI) Z535.3 (1991,2002). Criteria for safety symbols (Annes A: Principles and Guidelines for Graphical Design of Hazard Symbols). Rosslyn, VA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association.