在現今科技產業肆意的發展下，人類忽略了環保的重要性，所以近年來大自然的反撲災情不斷浮現，其中亞洲近期常見的空氣汙染為霧霾災害。霧霾是由工廠、汽車、發電廠等未妥善處理的廢氣，與空氣中水霧混合下的產物，然而廢氣中若含有毒成份，將會對人類的健康造成威脅，但霧霾的威脅不僅僅局限於人類的健康，在視覺感官上也有重大的影響。
根據米氏散射理論(Miescattering)可以得知粒子的消光特性會對光線造成散射和吸收之影響，所以大氣環境中存在著霧霾粒子，對戶外照明系統的光型分佈、光顏色及光亮度也會有所改變。本研究根據米氏散射理論，利用資料蒐集和實驗量測模擬數據建立水霧和固態懸浮粒子模型，進而分別探討光線經過不同濃度及粒徑大小的粒子環境，所產生的光型、顏色及亮度變化，再利用水霧粒子及固態懸浮粒子的混合建立霧霾模型，探討市面上符合法規的車燈及路燈光學系統在霧霾環境中所造成的影響。
研究結果表明，對於現實既有的戶外照明而言，在真實水霧環境的條件下，粒徑位於5 μm時會有強烈的消光特性，而此消光特性主要由散射所影響；而當環境存在固態懸浮粒子時，對光線的光學特性影響較不顯著，主要因為對於空汙品質監測而言，能對身體健康構成威脅的濃度還不足以影響光線傳輸。

Under the development of the most new technologies, the importance of environmental protection is often overlooked. Nowadays, natural disasters continue to occur, like the smog has become the most common air pollution in Asia. The smog, sometimes, is produced by mixing the unfiltered exhaust gas from factories, automobiles, power plants, etc., with mist in the air. If these exhaust gas contains toxic components, it will affect human health. However, the threat of smog is not only limited to human health, but also has a major impact on visual sensation.
According to the Mie scattering theory, we know that the extinction characteristics of particles can affect the performance of light scattering and absorption. Therefore, when the smog particles is dispersed in the atmospheric, the light distribution pattern, spectrum and luminous flux of outdoor lighting may be changed. In this paper, we uses data collection, experimental measurement and Monte Carlo ray tracing based on Mie theory to establish a optical model of mist and solid suspended particles. Further, we explore the light through different concentration and particle size of the smog environment, resulting in changes in the light distribution pattern, spectrum and luminous flux. We also simulate the mixture of mist particles and solid suspended particles, and explore the compliance of the headlights and streetlights optical system, whether the changes caused in the smog environment can still comply with the regulations.
Research indicates that the existing outdoor lighting, under the condition of mist environment, when the particle size is around 5 μm, there is strong extinction property, and it is mainly affected by light scattering, not absorption; when the environment has only solid suspended particles, the effect on the optical properties of light is less significant, mainly because the concentration that poses a threat to human health is not sufficient to affect light transmission for air quality monitoring.

[1]T. Jüstel, “Rare Earth Ions-The Vitamins of Phosphors”, (2012).
[2]K. Gordon, “Using LEDs to Their Best Advantage,” in LED Application Series: Using LEDs to Their Best Advantage, (2008).
[3]Light pollution control guide. (http://www.env.go.jp/air/life/hikarig/), (1998).
[4]DiLaura, D., Houser, K., Mistrick, R., Steffy, G. “The lighting handbook: Reference and application,” New York., Illuminating Engineering Society of North America., (2011)
[5]Is the effect of light pollution just to make the sky disappear? (http://www.xinhuanet.com/science/2016-04/26/c_135313014.htm) ,(2016).
[6]A.H. Omar, J. G. Won, D. M. Winker, S. C. Yoon, O. Dubovik, and M. P. McCormick, “Development of global aerosol models using cluster analysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements,”Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110, (2005).
[7]Z.-J. Chen, “Micro-suspended particle (PM2.5) survey technology development,” (2012).
[8]C.-T. Lee, “2015-2016 years of fine aerosol (PM2.5) chemical composition monitoring project work plan,” in "Environmental Technology Forum, (2017).
[9]C. A. Pope III and D. W. Dockery, “Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect,”Journal of the air & waste management association, 56(6), 709-742, (2006).
[10]F. Marino, F. Leccese, and S. Pizzuti, “Adaptive street lighting predictive control,” Energy Procedia,111, 790-799, (2017).
[11]R. Guzzi, “Scattering Theory from Homogeneous and Coated Spheres,” (1998).
[12]H. Horvath, “Gustav Mie and the scattering and absorption of light by particles: Historic developments and basics,”Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 110(11), 787-799, (2009).
[13]J. H. Seinfeld and S. N. Pandis, “Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change,” John Wiley & Sons,(2016).
[14]C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, “Absorption and scattering of light by small particles,” John Wiley & Sons, (2008).
[15]B. Xu, J.-M. Shi, J.-C. Wang, Z.-C. Yuan, and J.-Y. Wang, “Calculation and analyzing of the extinction characteristics of the water fog [J]," Infrared and Laser Engineering,” 1, 009, (2005).
[16]J.-T. Yuan, L. Yang, J. Xie, T. Tian, and F.-R. Sun, “Study on extinction properties of water fog particles in multi-spectrum based on Mie theory [J],”Optical Technique,3, 041, (2007).
[17]S. Changshou, J. Shangzhong, W. Yurong, Z. Shanshan, and L. Yuhong, “Study on optimum penetration of LED light source in mist [J],”Journal of China University of Metrology, 1, 014, (2013).
[18]H. Yuan, X. Zhou, Z. Zhang, and F. Xu, “Study the transmittance properties of light sources under simulated hazy condition,” in International Conference on Applied Physics, System Science and Computers, Springer: 263-271, (2017).
[19]Shen, J.Y., Lee, T.X., & Tsuei, C.H, “White Light Led Spectral Optimization In Underwater Illumination,” in Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage, Taipei,(2018).
[20]R. Foster, “The polarization of light in coastal and open oceans: Reflection and transmission by the air-sea interface and application for the retrieval of water optical properties,”PhD Thesis,New York, (2017).
[21]Jan, Sen, David D. Sheu, & Huei‐Ming Kuo, “Water mass and throughflow transport variability in the Taiwan Strait,”Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 111, (C12). (2006).
[22]Ulloa, O., Shubha S., & Trevor P, “Effect of the particle-size distribution on the backscattering ratio in seawater,” Applied optics ,33,(30), 7070-7077, (1994).
[23]Wikiwand, Fog (http://www.wikiwand.com/zh-mo/%E9%9C%A7 ), (2009).
[24]Y. Jagadeesh, S. Akilesh, & S. Karthik, “Intelligent Street Lights,”Procedia Technology, 21, 547-551, (2015).
[25]R. Deng, Y. He, Y. Qin, Q. Chen, & L. Chen, “Pure water absorption coefficient measurement after eliminating the impact of suspended substance in spectrum from 400 nm to 900 nm,”Yaogan Xuebao- Journal of Remote Sensing, 16(1), 174-191, (2012).
[26]P. D. Huibers, “Models for the wavelength dependence of the index of refraction of water,”Applied Optics, 36(16), 3785-3787, (1997).
[27]M. H. Sheu, L. H. Chang, S. C. Hsia, & C.-C. Sun, “Intelligent system design for variable color temperature LED street light,” in Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW), 2016 IEEE International Conference on, (2016).
[28]AutoNet, Mercedes-Benz, “Multi-beam LED Smart Headlight,” Smart Control (https://goo.gl/iAkse9 ), (2017).
[29]A.Gupta, A. Yadav, and Y. V. Gaur, “Smart Vehicle,”International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 3(3), 895-897, (2017).
[30]Fryc, F. Bisegna, and P. Tabaka, “Lighting of recreation grounds as a source of sky glow—The influence of luminaire type on this phenomenon,” in Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC/I&CPS Europe), 2017 IEEE International Conference on, (2017).
[31]Bierman, A., “Will switching to LED outdoor lighting increase sky glow?,”Lighting Research & Technology, 4(4), 449-458, (2012).
[32]G.-L. Lai, B.-X. Lin, Y.-R. Lai, and C.-H. Wei, “Research on fog detection method and horizontal precipitation estimation,” in Weather analysis and forecasting workshop, (2009).
[33]Klemm, O., Thomas W., & Clemens S, “Fog water flux at a canopy top: Direct measurement versus one-dimensional model,” Atmospheric Environment, 39(29), 5375-5386, (2005).
[34]Meteorological knowledge (https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/knowledge/encyclopedia/me024.htm .), (2018).