In the turning process, the workpieces' results, including the surface finish and dimensions, are needed to satisfy the specifications of the products. Simultaneously, to achieve the results, the vibration and other forms of energy dissipations will be occurred and affected the process. Vibration appears under the excitation applied by the material deformation process during the turning process. For the results as products, surface roughness is more challenging to achieve if the vibrations occur excessively. This study concerned the optimization of cutting parameters, including spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut (DOC) based on an experimental by using L9 Taguchi, microscopic workpiece inspection, and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The study aims to achieve minimum vibration and improve the quality of surface roughness of SNCM439 materials. This study showed that the depth of cut is the parameter that affects the surface roughness the most, and spindle speed is the parameter that affects the vibration the most. As a result, the optimal combination of cutting conditions used is 800rpm for spindle speed, 0.15mm/rev for feed rate, and 1.75mm for the depth of cut to optimize the vibration and surface roughness. Another way to evaluate the cutting performance is to estimate the total cost of machining. Our study showed that the cutting parameters for minimal vibration or optimal surface roughness might not be the designs with minimal costs.

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